پیشنهاد‌های Ali Latifi (٤٢١)

u. n. قیر / قطران e. g. Vegetable oils may become in the course of time as important as petroleum and coal tar products of the present time

u. n. نفت خام e. g. 30 million barrels of petroleum in storage

ph. به مرور زمان e. g. Vegetable oils may become in the course of time as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of the present time

adj. از آب در آمدن syn. turn out e. g. However, critics say that converting existing petrol stations to hydrogen will prove costly and will limit th ...

adv. با سرعت و به آسانی / با میل e. g. Hydrogen vehicles that use solar panels to extract hydrogen from water are also likely to be readily availabl ...

adj. عادی / پیش پا افتاده e. g. Hybrid cars were first developed in 1997 and these are likely to become more commonplace in the future

c. n. محصول / حاصل / بازده syn. production e. g. Some say that the Earth has produced only 18 percent of its potential yield of oil

c. n. خطر / نا امنی syn. danger e. g. Not only do fossil fuels pose an environmental hazard but there is also a pressing need to find an alternative ...

adj. بدون سرب e. g. In 1988 all new cars manufactured in the UK were required to use unleaded petrol only

u. n. بزرگی / میزان / اندازه e. g. If you own a four - wheel - drive car and replace it with a hybrid car, you can achieve a reduction of that magni ...

c. n. حلال e. g. The solvents used by most dry cleaners are damaging to the environment

t. v. ارزیدن / چربیدن / سنگینی کردن e. g. In fact an ordinary bulb only has to turned off for three seconds to outweigh the cost of turning it back ...

t. v. انتشار دادن / بیرون دادن e. g. So a round trip of 10, 000 miles would emit about one and a half tones of CO2 per passenger

u. n. خرت و پرت / در هم ریختگی e. g. The attic is full of clutter! I can't stand all this clutter!

t. v. خانه تکانی کردن / مرتب و تمیز کردن e. g. You are tidying up your house in the evening, going back and forth between the bedroom, kitchen and l ...

بقول دوستمون: بازار داخلی e. g. International prices can also have an impact on the domestic market

t. v. از هم تشخیص دادن ( دو چیز یا فرد ) e. g. It is a very traditional house, you can't really tell it apart from all the others in the street

adj. برگشت ناپذیر / جبران ناپذیر e. g. Scientists believe that the damage to this area is irreversible

syn. persistent

adj. همه گیر / فراگیر syn. pervasive e. g. This is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is omnipresent and often life - threatening

adj. حل نشدنی syn. insoluble e. g. They were now faced by insurmountable technical problems

adj. نافذ / همه گیر syn. extensive e. g. This is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life - threatening

adj. دست نخورده / تر و تازه / بی نقص syn. uncorrupted e. g. Our crops are also grown on land that is far from pristine

ph. در نتیجه / به نوبت e. g. This contamination in turn affects our rivers and waterways and damages life there. She spoke to each of the guests i ...

adj. آلوده e. g. Through acid rain and contaminated gases these same exhaust fumes can have a devastating impact on our climate

adv. بی وقفه / به شکل اجتناب ناپذیر e. g. Many of the Earth's crises are chronic and inexorably linked

adj. چالش برانگیز / دشوار/ طاقت فرسا e. g. We are confronting environmental problems that are more taxing than ever before

adj. بی سابقه / بی مانند e. g. Our way of life is putting an unprecedented strain on the Earth's ecosystems and threatening our future as a species

adj. برجسته / عالی رتبه / معظم syn. outstanding e. g. However, several eminent scientists are concerned that we have become too successful, that our ...

adj. مستعد / در معرض / محتمل syn. likely e. g. I think governments are liable to start putting pressure on manufactures to produce more eco - frien ...

adj. شدنی / عملی / ممکن syn. practicable e. g. Electric cars are a viable to petrol - driven cars, so getting rid of pollution is definitely achieva ...

adj. ممکن / قابل تصور syn. possible e. g. I think everyone in my country is so aware of the impact we're having on the environment that I think it i ...

adj. اجرا نشدنی / غیر عملی e. g. I think it would prove impracticable even to think about trying to achieve this

adj. دست نیافتنی / محال syn. impossible e. g. I think it's an unattainable goal

adj. بی فایده / بیهوده / بی حاصل e. g. People just don't read leaflets, so handing them out would be futile. It's futile to go on.

adj. ارزشمند / با ارزش e. g. Anything we do to raise awareness of these issues is very worthwhile. It was worthwhile waiting 10 hours in the line ...

c. n. بروشور / کتابچه e. g. We should educate the public about our environment by handing out leaflets

بقول ماریا: تا حدی / مقداری e. g. They talk about work and traffic and to a limited extent, time

adv. به شدت opp. slightly e. g. For countries who resisted using a global approach to business, the GDP fell sharply to just under one percent in t ...

رو به پایین / نزولی opp. upward e. g. In the 1980s and 90s, as technology made globalization even easier, the downward trend for the wealthy countri ...

ph. روند رو به پایین / سیر نزولی opp. upward trend e. g. In the 1980s and 90s, as technology made globalization even easier, the downward trend for ...

adv. سالیانه / سالانه e. g. In the 1960s the figures for the wealthy countries were by far the highest at close to five percent per annum

v. متوسل شدن e. g. A means, in the eyes of experts, to achieve the perfect removal of waste without resort to either the dust - yard or the tip: the ...

adj. حل نشدنی syn. insolvable e. g. However, the last years of the century saw a solution to the apparently insoluble problem of what to do with th ...

c. n. دستمزد / اجرت e. g. By 1900 the average wages of women in contractors' yards in London were only between seven and eight shillings per week

adj. اندک / جزئی opp. significant e. g. The workers also received marginal reward for their efforts

adj. بد آوازه / بدنام معروف e. g. The dust - yards were the most notorious of the nineteenth - century waste trades

c. n. کود e. g. Where possible these were sold as a fertilizer or fuel source, but where no market existed so they were dumped either on land or at ...

c. n. خاکستر syn. ash e. g. A large proportion of the material that remained after sorting was dust and cinders

t. v. الک کردن / از صافی گدراندن e. g. Sift the flour into a bowl

i. v. ظاهر شدن / پدیدار شدن e. g. These yards sprang up either in or around many major cities in the nineteenth century, but were particularly chara ...

v. جاودان کردن / ابدی کردن e. g. This was the context in which the Victorian dust - yards, immortalized in Charles Dickens' novel Our Mutual Friend, ...

t. v. نادیده گرفتن / کوتاهی کردن / غفلت کردن e. g. Bob's car got dirty when he neglected to keep it polished It is essential that you do not negle ...

n. فاضلاب / شبکه فاضلاب e. g. The sound is coming from under the street, but gas, water, and sewer inspectors have said there is nothing wrong down ...

n. فاضلاب / شبکه فاضلاب e. g. The sound is coming from under the street, but gas, water, and sewer inspectors have said there is nothing wrong down ...

adv. به این شکل / به این صورت اینجا این معنی رو میده که رسمی تر هست نه "بنابراین" e. g. Recycling was thus an important component of the pre - indu ...

adv. کاملاً syn. totally e. g. The paper industry was almost wholly reliant upon recycling for its raw materials

adj. نوپا / در حال پیدایش e. g. Some historian have argued that the second - hand trade played an important role in the nascent development of mass ...

c. n. امانت فروش / گروبردار e. g. The rag fairs of the rapidly growing cities and a network of tradesmen and pawnbrokers supplied this trade

c. n. پوشاک / لباس e. g. The cost of buying new ensured that many among the lower orders of eighteenth - century English society relied on second - ...

adj. همه جا حاضر / متداول syn. widespread e. g. In early modern Britain, one of the most characteristic forms of recycling has been the trade in se ...

c. n. لباس دست دوم / لباس کهنه e. g. Far from being a recent innovation, recycling and reuse of household cast - offs have a long history

adj. کمیاب syn. hard to find e. g. Because there is little moisture in the desert, trees are scarce

v. افزایش یافتن syn. rise e. g. As the concern mounts that the consumer society may be ecologically unsustainable, historians have begun to interest ...

c. n. تسهیلات / وسیله e. g. They need to make sure that the poorness are looked after and that they have access to the facilities they need

ph. تا اندازه ای / تاحدی e. g. But the government is also responsible to a certain extent as well. To a certain extent it's easier for men to get ...

ph. تا اندازه ای / تاحدی e. g. But the government is also responsible to a certain extent as well. To a certain extent it's easier for men to get ...

the process by which more people leave the countryside to live in the city

areas of the world that are poorer and have less advanced industries

the problem of having too many people

the basic systems and services of a city

very poor and crowded areas of a city

people that live in a particular place

c. n. محله فقیرنشین / محله چرک مد syn. ghetto e. g. In some megacities up to 50 percent of the residents live in slums

c. n. زیرساخت / زیربنا e. g. Hopes for a better life are often dashed as overpopulation puts an enormous strain on the infrastructure of the cities ...

adj. سرسام آور e. g. Such a staggering rate of urbanization brings its own problems, especially in developing nations

i. v. شکوفا شدن / پر رونق بودن e. g. The world's population is booming, no more so than in its cities

نه خیلی بیشتر از e. g. The world's population is booming, no more so than in its cities

بقول آقا یاشار : خیلی بیشتر از جمله پایین: نه خیلی بیشتر از e. g. The world's population is booming, no more so than in its cities

t. v. اصلاح کردن / ترمیم کردن e. g. Each time they amended the plan, they made it worse

t. v. بدتر کردن / وخیم کردن opp. improve e. g. The people were poor, and the war only aggravated the situation

t. v. بدتر کردن / تشدید کردن syn. worsen e. g. His aggressive reaction only exacerbated the situation

i. v. بدتر شدن / وخیم شدن e. g. Her health deteriorated as she got older

c. n. پس روی / پس رفت e. g. The breakdown in talks represents a temporary setback in the peace process

c. n. خط ربط / خط پیوند e. g. We usually use a hyphen between two words if they are joined together to form an adjective

c. n. دوراهی / معضل / مخمصه e. g. Don faced the dilemma of whether to approve of the operation or not

بالاخره / در نهایت syn. finally e. g. At last scientists have solved the problems associated with solar - powered cars She waited all week, and at ...

u. n. فقر opp. wealth e. g. In order to break the cycle of poverty, it is necessary to improve schools One of the biggest problems faced the world ...

به این طور که. . . e. g. This is then strained until all of the liquid has been eliminated

u. n. توزیع / پخش e. g. Finally, the gum travels along a conveyor belt where it is enclosed in packing ready for distribution drug distribution

t. v. احاطه کردن e. g. Finally, the gum travels along a conveyor belt where it is enclosed in packing ready for distribution

adv. برعکس e. g. Change the sentences below from adjective noun to verb adverb, or vice versa

adv. سریعاً / به سرعت e. g. Prices have increased rapidly in the last few months.

adv. به طور پیوسته / همواره e. g. Prices have risen steadily over the last two decades.

c. n. سکون / وضع ثابت / تراز e. g. Inflation has reached a plateau

i. v. پایین آمدن / کاهش یافتن ناگهانی e. g. This year profits plunged by 40%. Temperatures plunged below zero.

adv. به طور چشمگیر / به طور قابل ملاحظه e. g. The percentage of online shoppers increased significantly between 2010 and 2020, rising from 15% to ne ...

محصول داخلی e. g. The graph below shows the average growth in domestic products in wealthy countries, countries that have adopted a global approach ...

i. v. کوچ کردن ( نه محاجرت ) syn. emigrate محاجرت کردن e. g. There could be an increase in the number of people migrating away from these areas.

c. n. پیامد syn. consequence e. g. This ageing and declining population is expected to have important implications for the labor force and the quali ...

t. v. طولانی کردن / به درازا کشاندن e. g. The challenge is to pick the trends that are likely to be prolonged, but to also factor in human influenc ...

v. کاهش یافتن syn. decline e. g. Not only will the populations of each of these societies dwindle, but an increasing proportion will be moving into ...

آمار توازن جمعیتی / آمار وابسته به ساختار جمعیت e. g. One of the few areas in which long - term trends can be clearly seen is demographic statistics

adj. تصاعدی / فزاینده / تجمعی e. g. Historians see history as being driven by a combination of a cumulative long - term trends and short to mid - te ...

v. تقلا و تلاش کردن e. g. Fortunately the debris fell in mostly uninhabited areas and locals scumbled to collect a souvenir

2. Her treatise on Shakespeare’s childhood was well - researched

adj. هولناک / وحشتناک syn. horrifying e. g. Driving a car during peak periods can be horrendous

adj. خوش منظره / تماشایی e. g. Although it’s a long way, the drive from the city is well worth the effort because the surrounding countryside is ver ...

adj. واجد شرایط / شایسته e. g. All secondary and post - secondary school students in full - time education are eligible to apply for the program

n. adj. وقت آزاد e. g. 1. Leisure activity isn’t just for fun 2. He needed more leisure to pursue his studies.

n. انتظار / چشم انتظاری e. g. Evidence suggests that stress hormones can increase during sleep in anticipation of a specific waking time.

n. پیش زمینه بیماری e. g. Headache sufferers may actually have some biological predisposition for translating stress into muscle contractions.

adv. متعاقباً / در پی آن e. g. In contrast, some people suffer a loss of appetite and consequently lose weight.

adj. لاغر / بدون چربی e. g. Lean women who gained weight in response to stress tended to be less able to adapt to and manage stressful conditions.

c. n. اشتیاق شدید / عطش زیاد e. g. Many people develop cravings for salt, fat and sugar to counteract tension and, thus, gain weight.

adj. زناشویی e. g. Marital stress - not work stress – was associated with more severe heart disease in women with existing heart problems.

adj. مستعد e. g. In one study, for example, men were more apt than women to use alcohol or eat less healthily in response to stress than women, whic ...

adj. واضح e. g. Nevertheless, evidence is still needed to confirm any clear - cut relationship between stress and heart disease.

adj. دلسوز / همدرد e. g. Stress can certainly influence the activity of the heart when it activates the sympathetic nervous system.

adj. جنجالی / بحث برانگیز e. g. The effects of mental stress on heart disease are controversial

n. بروز / پیدایش e. g. Studies suggest that the inability to deal with stress is associated with the onset of depression or anxiety.

adj. حاد / شدید e. g. acute stress can also be harmful in certain situations.

adv. مزمن e. g. If things do not improve, we become chronically depressed

adj. مردد / شکاک e. g. Unfortunately, as a result, many people today are more skeptical about current predictions concerning global warning.

adj. مردد / شکاک e. g. Unfortunately, as a result, many people today are more skeptical about current predictions concerning global warning.

باگ Y2K یک نقص کامپیوتری بود که در آن برنامه نویسان اولیه برای صرفه جویی در حافظه، سال های چهار رقمی را به دو رقم خلاصه می کردند. با نزدیک شدن به سال ...

c. n. پس نگری / نگاهی به گذشته opp. foresight e. g. With hindsight it is easy to say they should not have released him.

c. n. تجسم / برآورد / پیش بینی e. g. There have been many projection about the future which, with the benefit of hindsight, seem rather ridiculous.

t. v. حیرت زده کردن / مبهوت کردن e. g. The last 40 years have seen astounding developments: globalization, the end of the Cold War, the Internet

adj. اصلی / اساسی / عمده e. g. For some people, however, fast foods have become their staple diet and as a result they are overweight. Rice is th ...

t. v. عوض کردن / معاوضه کردن syn. alternate e. g. Perhaps we should recommend that people who eat fast food every day should at least swap fast food ...

v. به خود پیچیدن ( ناشی از درد ) e. g. The pain was so bad that she was writhing in agony

adj. چاق syn. fat e. g. Obese patients are given dietary advice.

adj. اضافه / زیادی e. g. Cut any excess fat of the meat.

syn: 1. cutting - edge 2. modern 3. state - of - the - art 4. high 5. advanced

judge a building not to be safe

n. انحصار / حق کنترل e. g. I guess no one big multinational has a monopoly over the fashion market either, does it?

e. g. So there is a lot of give and take going on and you still get cultural diversity to some extent

adj. دور دست / دور افتاده e. g. When people go travelling to far flung places, they want to see something exotic, not the same icons they see all ar ...

جور دیگه / برعکس e. g. Well, a lot of people are worried about globalization and the impact it could gave on the local people. But actually I'm begi ...

adj. قوی / نژادی e. g. Well, he points out that there are far more ethnic restaurants in England than people realize, for example, there are seven I ...

t. v. ضعیف کردن / ناتوان کردن e. g. The effects of stroke can be debilitating and there is no known cure.

adv. به ترتیب e. g. Within a year boys and girls can gain an average of 4. 1 inches and 3. 5 inches in height respectively. The first and second p ...

n. معامله / تبادل / خرید و فروش syn. deal e. g. Computerization has led to fewer jobs and less human contact as many everyday transactions are now d ...

e. g. state - of - the - art

e. g. state - of - the - art

e. g. The invention of the silicon chip meant that computers could be much smaller

بقول دوستمون فضای مجازی e. g. People often talk about emails and text messages being lost in cyber space as if it were a real place

an adjective used to describe anything related to computers

a screen that images can be seen on

relating to computers

almost real

be greater than expected

very modern

a machine invented for a specific purpose

a machine invented for a specific purpose

the first working example of a machine

guessed

n. حق ثبت اختراع / حق امتیاز e. g. Some 30 patents for flying cars were registered in the US patent office last century but none of these ideas has ...

n. نقاب / شکل / پوشش syn. manner e. g. The past promised us a flying car in various guises

adj. زائد / اضافه / غیر ضروری e. g. The domestic robot never quite happened, but if you can phone a head to set the heating and use a remote contro ...

t. v. پیشی گرفتن / بهتر بودن / سرتر بودن e. g. The machines of the twenty - first century surely surpass those of earlier times.

adj. پیشرو / پیشگام e. g. These may no longer be considered cutting - edge but they have matched, if not surpassed, visions of how we would live.

معنی کابینت هم میده e. g. cupboards full of instant food

n. دستگاه پخش / نگه دارنده e. g. fridges with ice - cube dispensers. a soap dispenser.

n. بزرگداشت / قدردانی e. g. However, our gadget - filled homes are a tribute to the various visions of the future

adj. مملو / سرشار e. g. Alvin Toffler envisaged a society awash with 'free time'.

تا حدودی / به اندازه ای e. g. To some extent they were right, especially when it comes to children and cyber addiction

n. مخلوط کن همزن میشه mixer NB e. g. One gadget I really want to buy is blender to blend up food so I can make my own healthy drinks.

adj. جاگیر / یغور e. g. I prefer the Smart Phone because it's so compact. I find the Optima a bit bulky

adj. یکبار مصرف / دورانداختنی e. g. On magazine predicted that disposable plates would be used.

v. پیش بینی کردن / تصور کردن e. g. A writer envisaged furniture being made from fully washable materials.

n. دستور/ امر e. g. One never has to leave the home, but the imperative is still clearly to be productive. Her imperative was ridiculous.

دوچرخه ثابت e. g. The Walking Desk, a computer workstation for the office at home, has a treadmill, stationary bike and stair climber installed unde ...

i. v. فروکش کردن / رفته رفته کم شدن syn. decrease e. g. By the 1980s, the environmental and social movements of the 1970s were starting to ebb.

n. افسار / مهار e. g. Our senses are awakened, and a now technology is waiting to aid us in giving them a free rein. She pulled gently on the rei ...

u. n. تن پروری / لذت جویی e. g. In 1978, House Beautiful magazine, predicting what the homes of the 1980s would be like, suggested that self - indul ...

t. v. ترغیب کردن / نصیحت کردن syn. urge e. g. In 1960s the General Electric Company was exhorting consumers to live electrically.

adj. خوش بینانه / امیدوار کننده e. g. The energy crisis was making itself felt, reflecting fears about a future not quite as rosy as that predicted ...

u. n. بکارگیری / استفاده e. g. We also see the influence of the Green movement, such as in the deployment of technology for solar - heated homes.

n. سیم syn. wire e. g. From the space - age metals of the 1960s where every object had an electrical cord, we find a return to the traditional.

n. سیم برق syn. wire e. g. From the space - age metals of the 1960s where every object had an electrical cord, we find a return to the traditional.

adj. آرمانی / خیالی e. g. North America experienced a certain erosion of trust in science and technology and there was less utopian speculation abou ...

u. n. فرسایش e. g. North America experienced a certain erosion of trust in science and technology and there was less utopian speculation about the t ...

adj. تحقیر آمیز e. g. In stark contrast to the 1950s, 'old - fashioned' is no longer used in a pejorative way; it is seen as a cherished value.

به قول دوستان: تفاوت چشمگیر e. g. In stark contrast to the 1950s, 'old - fashioned' is no longer used in a pejorative way; it is seen as a cherished ...

t. v. شستن همراه با سایش e. g. He believed that the scrubbing of pots and pans was man's work and so he helped out ate home.

n. گرداب e. g. Whirlpool dishwashers ran an advertisement in November 1968 in Ladies' Home Journal. Whirlpools are normally caused by tides.

u. n. آشفتگی / هرج . مرج syn. confusion e. g. What is most striking in the 1960s home of the future is the recognition an incorporation of social an ...

n. مالکیت / اکتساب e. g. As Corn and Horrigan ( 1984 ) noted, 'by focusing on improving technology, the future becomes strictly a matter of things, ...

t. v. مهم تر بودن / ارجحیت داشتن e. g. The overriding message of the 1950s vision of the house of the future is that one can access the wonders of ...

t. v. پنهان کردن syn. hide e. g. After the water had run down a drain in the middle of the floor ( later concealed by a rug of synthetic fibre ) you ...

adj. مصنوعی / ساخته دست بشر e. g. Nylon is a synthetic material, but wool is natural.

n. پرده e. g. It was ten in the morning but the drapery was still drawn.

n. اسباب و اثاثیه e. g. Furnishings rugs, draperies, and unscratchable floors would all be made of synthetic fabric or water proof plastic. The w ...

نقش بر آب شدن / از یاد رفتن / از بین رفتن e. g. House wives in 50 years may wash dirty dishes - right down the drain!

adj. واضح / آشکار syn. obvious e. g. The postwar faith in and fascination with science is very apparent in future predictions mad in the 1950s. H ...

n. جا ظرفی / قفسه ظروف e. g. Dishwashers capable of washing and drying dinnerware and storing it in the cupboard.

. . . طولی نکشید که / طی مدت خیلی کوتاه e. g. Before long there will also be self - propelled carpet and floor sweepers, automatic ironers that can ...

adj. مربوط به خانه / خانگی e. g. Appliance manufactures, advertisers and women's magazines teamed up to surround women with images of the technology ...

adj. از پیش ساخته شده e. g. The second conception was that of the mass - produced, prefabricated house, a dwelling potentially available to every No ...

t. v. به تصویر کشیدن e. g. The first, indebted to modernist architecture, depicted the home of tomorrow as a futuristic architectural structure. ...

adj. مدیون / قدردان e. g. The first, indebted to modernist architecture, depicted the home of tomorrow as a futuristic architectural structure. I ...

v. ادغام شدن / یکپارچه شدن / مستحکم کردن e. g. It was in this same era that American consumer culture was consolidated. The two companies consoli ...

n. مسکن / منزل e. g. It quickly emerged as a cultural symbol of the American obsession with the single - family dwelling

repair and make new again t. v. بازسازی کردن / نوسازی کردن e. g. the hotel has been completely renovated.

build something on a piece of land t. v. طرح ریختن / نقشه کشیدن e. g. If we could devise a plan for using the abandoned building, we could save thou ...

n. دستگاه / وسیله syn. device e. g. If a rope became slack this activated the contraption

t. v. رونمایی کردن / پرده برداری کردن / به بازار معرفی کردن syn. reveal e. g. At the 1854 World Trade fair in New York, Otis unveiled his invention ...

t. v. رونمایی کردن / پرده برداری کردن / به بازار معرفی کردن syn. reveal e. g. At the 1854 World Trade fair in New York, Otis unveiled his invention ...

به قول دوستان: آچار جغجغه ای یا هر چیزی که به یک طرف حرکت کنه و در جهت دیگه قفل بشه e. g. In an elevator there's a tough steel spring system that me ...

t. v. وزن داشتن n. weight e. g. However, elevating anything further than one floor or weighing more than 70 kilograms would have been considered fa ...

t. v. وزن داشتن n. weight e. g. However, elevating anything further than one floor or weighing more than 70 kilograms would have been considered fa ...

t. v. کشیدن ( چیزی سنگین ) e. g. Louis XV of France disliked stairs so much that he was regularly hoisted skywards in a 'flying chair' by several ...

t. v. بالا کشیدن / بالا بردن / برافراشتن e. g. Louis XV of France disliked stairs so much that he was regularly hoisted skywards in a 'flying chair' ...

adj. سنتی / مرسوم syn. traditional e. g. I live in a two - story house. It's a very conventional brick building and it's typical of the area where I ...

n. یک واحد آپارتمان e. g. My flat is in a new high - rise building in the city center We'll be staying in a flat in London for six months

adj. پر زرق و برق / پر نقش و نگار e. g. What I like best about the house are the ceilings. They're quite ornate as they have lots of pretty details ...

n. معدن سنگ ( بدون سقف ) opp. mine ( با سقف ) e. g. Just about all the buildings in this area were built from timber and stone from local quarry

n. کلبه / خانه ییلاقی e. g. I'd rather live in a small country cottage

n. الوار / تیر چوب e. g. houses built of timber

e. g. In the relatively short time that man has been travelling in space we have already left sufficient debris behind to show that we are as careles ...

n. آلودگی e. g. the risk of contamination by dangerous bacteria

adj. بی صلاحیت / نالایق e. g. a forgetful and utterly incompetent assistant

t. v. بیرون کشیدن / استخراج کردن syn. bring out e. g. A lawyer will elicit all the facts necessary to prove her case

جزو احتمالات هست که. . . e. g. You have to accept that it is within the realms of possibility that one day there will be a Martian space station

جزو احتمالات هست که. . . e. g. You have to accept that it is within the realms of possibility that one day there will be a Martian space station

جزو احتمالات هست که. . . e. g. You have to accept that it is within the realms of possibility that one day there will be a Martian space station

جزو احتمالات هست که. . . e. g. You have to accept that it is within the realms of possibility that one day there will be a Martian space station

adj. مشخص / واضح e. g. I think there is a distinct possibility that humans will live on Mars

t. v. پیش بینی کردن / انتظار داشتن e. g. Surely you don't foresee a time when humans will be living on Mars, that's just science fiction, isn't it?

t. v. اندیشیدن / در نظر گرفتن / تفکر کردن e. g. Do you really think we should be contemplating sending humans to Mars at all?

u. n. مداخله / دخالت e. g. I mean those extremes of temperature and even the atmosphere itself, would probably create an awful lot of interference ...

بد جور زیاد از e. g. I mean those extremes of temperature and even the atmosphere itself, would probably create an awful lot of interference

n. اتفاق / پیش آمد e. g. Robotics has come a long way and it is more expensive to send a manned spaceship into orbit, but the biggest problem with r ...

n. آدم / یار / دوست e. g. We heard some fascinating speakers, specially one fellow who was an expert on Mars

n. احتمال / امکان e. g. With the increasing use of shuttles to monitor activities here on Earth, as well as the very real prospect of space tourism ...

اصطلاحاً / موسوم به e. g. We all remember the so - called space race of the 1960s when the US and USSR were each determined to be the first to land ...

n. سر حد / مرز e. g. The planets in our solar system have become the next frontier to be conquered.

n. آوار / نخاله e. g. Fortunately the debris fell in mostly uninhabited areas and locals scrambled to collect a souvenir

syn: in spite of علی رغم / با وجود e. g. In spite of his nervousness, he became the youngest World Junior athlete to win the prestigious gold meda ...

syn: in spite of the fact علی رغم / با وجود e. g. In spite of his nervousness, he became the youngest World Junior athlete to win the prestigious g ...

syn: in spite of the fact علی رغم / با وجود e. g. In spite of his nervousness, he became the youngest World Junior athlete to win the prestigious g ...

adj. دارای خدمه انسانی e. g. In May 1973, the USA launched its first manned space station

n. ماه گرفتگی ( کسوف/خسوف ) e. g. A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon is hidden by the sun

n. شهاب e. g. Many scientists believe that dinosaurs became extinct when a meteor hit the Earth

n. ساختار / ترکیب e. g. Saturn has barely any solid surface, as its composition is mostly gas

adj. امکان پذیر / شدنی / ممکن e. g. Some planets will never be feasible for humans to live on them

more than

t. v. به جلو راندن / به سمتی سوق دادن e. g. During the flight itself a rocket will propel the spacecraft into suborbital space in excess of 100, 000 ...

i. v. عادت کردن / خو گرفتن UK: acclimatise e. g. The passengers will be able to experience zero gravity in a special simulator; this will allow the ...

i. v. عادت کردن / خو گرفتن UK: acclimatise e. g. The passengers will be able to experience zero gravity in a special simulator; this will allow the ...

t. v. انجام دادن / متحمل شدن e. g. However, unlike the months of training that astronauts undergo, our passengers will be ready for launch within ...

i. v. پیش رو گذاشتن / ایجاد کردن e. g. Hedgehogs pose a threat to other wildlife. 1 Officials claim the chemical poses no real danger. 2

t. v. اعمال کردن / وضع کردن / تحمیل کردن e. g. Imposing fines for littering in areas where hedgehogs live.

t. v. گلچین کردن / برچین کردن e. g. Efforts to cull the animals in the past two years have upset Britain's conservationists who countered with stra ...

e. g. Along with intensive farming and pesticides, road kill has taken its toll on hedgehog populations

adj. پر بار / مملو e. g. Hedgehogs chew substances laden with toxins and then apply frothy saliva to their entire bodies.

adj. درک شده / تصور شده e. g. Any perceived threat can make them roll up.

adj. اهلی شده / رام شده e. g. Veterinarians trying to understand gum disease in domesticated hedgehogs have concluded that the varied diet of wild h ...

از نزدیک e. g. Hedgehogs usually do not interact at close quarters, but that does not mean they are unaware of their neighbors.

از نزدیک e. g. Hedgehogs usually do not interact at close quarters, but that does not mean they are unaware of their neighbors.

adj. منزوی e. g. Hedgehogs spend much of their time alone, but Reeve says it would be a mistake to think of them as solitary.

n. نزدیکی / مجاورت e. g. Some hedgehogs live in urban areas, adapting well to living in close proximity to humans.

n. نزدیکی / مجاورت e. g. Some hedgehogs live in urban areas, adapting well to living in close proximity to humans.

the complete set of genetic material of a living thing

n. حفظ / محافظت e. g. It's a paradise that Fay Vass, chief executive of the British Hedgehog Preservation Society, calls 'absolutely fantastic'.

adj. مضر / زیان آور e. g. 1. Suppressing emotion and feeling can be incredibly detrimental to a man’s mental health 2. It’s not detrimental for b ...

n. عواقب و پیامد منفی e. g. 1. It remains to be seen whether this controversial method will have any long - term repercussions, particularly in reg ...

n. وزغ e. g. When farmers tried to eliminate the cane beetle by introducing the South American cane toad , the results were catastrophic.

adj. خار دار / تیع دار e. g. The prickly pear had originally been used as a divider between paddocks.

adj. بومی / محلی e. g. These plants are endemic to this region.

n. بوته / درختچه syn. bush e. g. There is a small evergreen shrub on the hillside.

adj. قوی / شدید e. g. 1. As she walked away, Joe felt a keen sense of loss. 2. Relying on its keen sense of smell, the meerkat is a successful fo ...

v. مقابله کردن / غلبه کردن e. g. 1. Meerkats tackle dangerous prey such is scorpions and snakes. 2. There are many ways of tackling this problem.

n. شکاف / ترک / درز e. g. Many creatures hide in crevices in the rock.

n. لانه e. g. . . . If rocky ground makes this impossible, the meerkat will make its den in the crevices between the rocks.

n. سوراخ زیرزمینی e. g. At night, the meerkat retires to a network of burrows, which it digs with its powerful forelegs

adj. انبوه / غلیظ n. density e. g. 1. The accident was caused by the dense fog. 2. In terms of its natural environment, the meerkat avoids woodl ...

n. خشک / بایر e. g. 1. Much of central Iran is arid 2. The meerkat is found exclusively on the semi - arid plains of southern Africa

n. منقار / نوک e. g. The gull held the fish in its beak

n. ترکه / شاخه کوچک درخت e. g. We collected dry twigs to start the fire.

n. رساله / مقاله e. g. 1. His book, The Surgeon Dentist: a treatise on teeth, describes basic oral anatomy and the signs and symptoms of tooth decay

n. دکتر عمومی غیر از جراح e. g. Each physician treats a single disorder and no more.

adj. شفا بخش / درمانی e. g. 1. Olive oil is known to have therapeutic qualities. 2. Exercising in warm water can be therapeutic for people with phy ...

n. پوسیدگی / زوال e. g. We have found historical evidence that the Chinese used acupuncture to treat the pain associated with tooth decay

adj. متوالی / پی در پی e. g. 1. It would be better if the meeting were on consecutive days. We’d get more done that way 2. This is the team’s four ...

n. وقفه / فاصله e. g. We see each other at regular intervals – usually about once a month.

t. v. خورده شدن / از بین بردن e. g. The cliffs are being constantly eroded by heavy waves.

n. جوی آب e. g. 2700 BC a ditch was carved into the calk less than 1 km from Stonehenge.

t. v. برداشت کردن / استنتاج کردن e. g. 1. Exact dates are not possible, since dates are inferred from minute changes in physical measurements, such ...

adv. به ترتیب زمان وقوع / به ترتیب زمانی e. g. If we consider the structure chronologically, we can see that construction took place in several phas ...

با شگفتی و تحسین خیره شدن

adv. حدود e. g. She was born circa 1602.

adj. حتمی / زودآیند e. g. 1. The enemy’s defeat is imminent 2. The newspapers warned that a stock market crash was imminent

adj. مجلل e. g. Experience a sumptuous countryside welcome of fine food, admire our world - class heritage and the stunning scenery that surrounds o ...

n. صفر e. g. A million is written with six noughts.

t. v. بهم ریختن / مختل کردن syn. disturb e. g. This invasion affects the local people in many ways, disrupting their normal routine and increasing t ...

t. v. مشغول به کاری شدن / سرگرم کاری شدن e. g. They went into town to indulge in shopping

t. v. بدست آوردن / گرفتن syn. get e. g. 1. If your flight is delayed or your luggage is lost these can be difficult to obtain in an air port or fo ...

adj. کافی syn. enough e. g. Make sure that you keep sufficient identification with you at all times.

n. حرکت / عزیمت e. g. 1. departure time 2. Before you departure, make sure you do as much research about your destination as you can.

i. v. نوسان داشتن e. g. The exchange rate can fluctuate a great deal, so shop around for the best deal.

adj. معاف از مالیات / معاف از عوارض گمرکی e. g. In the duty - free shop they asked to see our tickets and some form of identification.

n. کشتی مسافربر یا باربر e. g. Soon we’re going to get our own airport but for now people can only get here by ferry

adj. قدیمی مسلک syn. old - fashioned e. g. I live in a scenic little village about 300 kilometers from the nearest big city.

adj. اولین / نخستین e. g. Still, it probably took a long time before a mother delivered humanity’s maiden speech.

n. مقدار کم / دانش سطحی e. g. 1. I know only a smattering of German. 2. There was only a smattering of applause after his speech.

adj. وابسته / متکی e. g. Apes are reliant on grooming to stick together, and that basically constrains their social complexity to groups of 50.

t. v. شامل بودن / مستلزم شدن e. g. For example, throwing and making stone tools could have developed into simple gestures like pointing that eventua ...

n. قوه / استعداد ذاتی e. g. 1. The study of animal behavior and communication can teach us how the faculty of language in the narrow human sense e ...

n. نقص / عیب e. g. 1. The cars were found to have defects in their fuel systems. 2. She doesn’t see her own beauty and thinks only of her defects.

n. جد e. g. Gossip possibly freed our ancestors from sitting around wondering what to say next.

t. v. برانگیختن کنجکاوی / مجذوب کردن e. g. What intrigues the linguists is that, for a sign language to emerge spontaneously, deaf children must hav ...

adv. فقط / تنها e. g. 1. All the photographs contained the same elements, merely arranged differently. 2. I was merely looking!

adj. عمیق / از اعماق قلب e. g. 1. Deaf people are making a profound contribution to the study of language. 2. He felt profound grief after the de ...

t. v. تناقض داشتن / تضاد داشتن e. g. 1. These two statements contradict each other, so I don’t understand your point. 2. Unfortunately, the facts ...

t. v. اشاره کردن / دلالت داشتن e. g. 1. Are you implying he’s stupid? 2. as the face implies

v. نشان دادن e. g. Let me demonstrate how this app works.

n. بار معنایی / مفهوم e. g. This word has a bad connotation

i&t. v. حدس زدن / گمانه زنی کردن e. g. 1. The art dealer conjectured that the painting might be worth a great deal if it were proven to be authent ...

adj. غیر منطقی / آشفته / سردرگم e. g. I can’t understand what he is saying. He’s almost incoherent

حق اظهار نظر داشتن e. g. I think it’s important for everyone to have a say in how the government is elected.

به عبارت دیگر syn. in other words e. g. There is a clear relationship between humans and environmental problems. That is to say, wherever humans liv ...

نیازی به گفتن نیست که e. g. The tanker spilled 5, 000 megaliters of oil into the ocean, needless to say, this had a devastating effect on marine life ...

با این تفاضیل / نهایتاً اینکه e. g. When all is said and done, there is little thing we can do to save the environment without the full support of in ...

حداقل چیزی که بهت بگم / حداقلش رو بگیم e. g. Life without a constant supply of water can be difficult , to say the least

گفتنش خالی از لطف نیست / مزیت هایی داشتن e. g. There is something to be said for switching to solar energy, although it is still too expensive for ma ...

ناگفته نماند که / با این وجود e. g. Nuclear power has its problems. However, having said that, many people believe it is the energy source of the fut ...

باهات موافقم / گل گفتی e. g. • Hello, Sam, what a surprise meeting you here! • you can say that again!

i. v. ادامه دادن / پشتکار داشتن e. g. 1. I persevered and soon I was scoring ten out of ten in all the tests. 2. The journalist was threatened se ...

بالا بردن آگاهی e. g. Everyone should travel; it really broadens the mind

n. صلاحیت / مدرک تحصیلی e. g. Your case manager will tell you what qualifications you need.

n. استخدام / نفرگیری e. g. The company decided to adopt a new approach to staff recruitment. The education authority is responsible for the recrui ...

t. v. پر بار کردن / غنی کردن e. g. Students will enrich their academic studies and help themselves gain valuable work - related skills.

n. پرس و جو e. g. You needn’t to despair or abandon your ideas altogether, instead make inquiries into funding from external agencies such as your lo ...

n. تخصصی شدگی e. g. On top of this, you also need to be sure that you have broad knowledge of your area of specialization

adj. دلهره آور / مضطرب کننده e. g. 1. Writing a thesis can be very daunting, but the task is much more straightforward if the topic you select is a ...

n. پایان نامه e. g. One of the greatest difficulties faced by postgraduate students is choosing a topic to base their dissertation on.

n. رکود اقتصادی e. g. The government has a good economic policy. I’m sure the recession will be over soon

syn. take notice کسی را متوجه اطلاعات مهمی کردن e. g. NB Prepositions after learn: learn about, learn from, learn to.

n. چارت درسی syn. syllabus e. g. If you’re trying to revise for an exam, you’ll need to know exactly what is on your curriculum

n. نقاله e. g. If you’re doing your maths homework then be sure to find your calculator, ruler, protractor and compass before you start.

در صورتی که / اگر که e. g. if or when this happens, the only way to overcome this problem is to go back to basics.

adj. تفریجی / تفننی e. g. Fishing, generally considered more of an outdoor recreational activity

درست به همان ترتیب e. g. Men and women who act as a hobby report feeling an intense sense of belonging to a group, much the same way others do in pla ...

verb: to be no longer existed

n. طب سوزنی e. g. We have found historical evidence that the Chinese used acupuncture to treat the pain associated with tooth decay

n. طاعون t. v. آزار رساندن / اذیت کردن e. g. This proves that oral disease is by no means a modern - day problem and has in fact plagued humans since ...

e. g. The timeline shows this history, with a frenzy of activity from just before 3000BC though to 1600BC being responsible for most of what we now g ...

adv. در پی آن / در نتیجه e. g. Twenty people were injured in the accident and the tower was subsequently demolished to prevent it from happening agai ...

adj. اضافی / زاپاس / یدکی e. g. I can’t stand to be late for work or in a hurry, so I make sure my watch is ten minutes fast – and I always carry a s ...

t. v. بافتن ( مو ) syn. plait ( U. K. ) e. g. If I’m going out somewhere I like to braid my hair, which is very thick so this can be very time - co ...

t. v. بافتن ( مو ) syn. braid ( U. S. ) e. g. If I’m going out somewhere I like to plait my hair, which is very thick so this can be very time - co ...

adj. غرق شده / محو شده e. g. I get so engrossed that I lose all track of time.

adj. مهیا شده / تدارک دیده e. g. 1. Visitors who enjoy water sports are really well catered for as you can go snorkeling, scuba diving and deep - ...

adj. مجذوب کننده syn. eye - catching e. g. This is a captivating holiday destination

n. پیاده روی طولانی و سخت ( در کوهستان ) e. g. Mountain biking, trekking, skiing and snowboarding are just some of the many activities on offer

adj. ناز پرورده e. g. We offer exclusive couples - only accommodation and you are sure to leave us feeling pampered and relaxed

n. ضمیمه e. g. Our holidays are ideal for young people travelling by themselves as there is no single person supplement and the group lessons include ...

c. n. برنامه سفر e. g. It can be useful to store a copy of your itinerary in a prominent place in your suitcase so that the airline will know where t ...

n. پایین ترین سطح نمودار ( متضاد اوج ) e. g. The tourism industry has its peaks and troughs

adj. پر پیچ و خم e. g. The roads are pretty treacherous because they’re very steep and winding, so most people arrive by train

adj. مخاطره آمیز / ناامن e. g. The roads are pretty treacherous because they’re very steep and winding, so most people arrive by train

adj. چند ملیتی / چند فرهنگه e. g. Our city is a very exciting and cosmopolitan place to live

adj. مهیا شده / تدارک دیده e. g. Visitors who enjoy water sports are really well catered for as you can go snorkeling, scuba diving and deep - sea f ...

adj. قدیمی مسلک syn. old - fashioned e. g. I live in a quaint little village about 300 kilometers from the nearest big city

adj. همسایه / همجوار e. g. It’s a pretty sleepy village, but on Sundays there’s a huge market and people come from all the neighboring villages to bu ...

adj. تماشایی / معرکه syn. impressive / breathtaking e. g. The sea can be very clam at times but the surf can also be spectacular

زمین تا آسمان فرق داشتن e. g. Reading gossip magazines and newspapers today is essentially one - way communication with total strangers – a far cry f ...

زمین تا آسمان فرق داشتن e. g. Reading gossip magazines and newspapers today is essentially one - way communication with total strangers – a far cry f ...

مصمم بودن e. g. We are all bent on keeping track of other people and maintaining alliances

در نظر گرفتن syn. think about e. g. A further and very important factor to take into account is your financial resources

v. معین کردن / مشخص کردن syn. establish e. g. The next important point is choosing a good subject for your research, which is to ascertain what is re ...

فقط به تنهایی e. g. I think you can only really learn from experience

کمتر از یک . . . نبوده e. g. Today, however, results are in and they are nothing short of stunning

adj. رو به سرازیری e. g. Michael Edwards was an enthusiastic downhill skier whose dream was to compete for Britain in world - class competitions.

زیر و رو شدن / شوکه شدن به کاربردش در این جمله دقت کنید: I don't want to be an engineer. I'd like to move to Hawaii and set - up a surfing school, bu ...

adj. بدون سرنشین e. g. In some states in Australia, you may not leave the car keys inside an unattended vehicle