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Beards and Masculinity in American Literature by Peter Ferry

Ernest Hemingway is considered one of the bearded heavyweights of the American literary tradition. This is primarily due to what Debra Moddelmog calls the “special brand of masculinity” (“State of the Field” 16) that Hemingway projected throughout his career. And this brand of masculinity was central to Hemingway’s celebrity. Atypical of many literary authors, Hemingway experienced his fame during his lifetime. As Hemingway scholar Scott Donaldson remarks in his study Fitzgerald & Hemingway (2009), “Hemingway died the most famous writer of his time, and (we can confidently say now) the most famous writer of the twentieth century” (15). Hemingway’s literary successes were certainly aided by his exploits away from the page. There were the adventures and the encounters around the world, the four wives, his time in the Second World War, the trips to Africa, and his time in Paris and elsewhere in Europe. There were also the famous images of the Hemingway in Life magazine and the Atlantic Magazine, the portraits in the New Yorker, and numerous other publications. And, of course, there was Hemingway’s beard.

(page 66)