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In. On. Into. Onto. Into. Onto. The differences 
between in and into, on and onto, are pretty simple.  

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But the differences between into and into, on to 
and onto, are a little bit more complicated.  

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In today's lesson I'm going to go through all 
of this. And at the end of this lesson I have  

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a test for you with 12 questions. Let me 
know in the comments how you did on the test!  

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Did you get 12 out of 12? 7 out of 12? 
Let me know. My name is Arnel, let's start.

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The location of an action or object. The change 
of a location. The cat is in the Box. The cat is  

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on the box. These prepositions clearly show you 
the location of the object. In this case, the cat.

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The cat walked into the box.

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The cat jumped onto the box. These prepositions 
clearly show you that there has been a change  

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from A to B. Think about it like go to. I 
am going to school. We went to the beach.  

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To really introduces that destination doesn't it?

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Some of you might be thinking in, or inside?  

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With this example there is no difference. The 
cat is in the box, the cat is inside the box.  

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Same, both can show the location. The milk is in 
the fridge, the milk is inside the fridge. Same,  

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but inside is used to emphasize completely covered. 
Like in a box, container, or... Look at this article  

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from archeology.org: Inside King Tut's Tomb. A Tomb 
is a large stone structure or a small room where  

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someone is buried. So inside makes sense right? 
Because you are completely covered in a tomb.  

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So in and inside both show location, 
but inside is more precise.

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This picture was taken in Spain. We 
always use in with a city or a country.  

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I cannot say this picture was taken 
inside Spain, because when you go to  

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a country you're in the country, 
you're not really "in" a country.

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I stepped on a jellyfish. Where 
did I step? On a jellyfish.

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I moved the TV into the bedroom.

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She carefully placed the flowers onto the coffin. 
The location. The change of location. Let's compare.

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He backflipped in the water.

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He backflipped into the water.

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We walked on the boat. We walked onto the boat. Okay, 
so far with change I've used location, from A to B.  

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But with into, we can talk about a different kind 
of change, we can talk about a transformation.

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A caterpillar turns into a butterfly, 
there it's an obvious transformation.  

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I had to translate all of these documents into 
English, another transformation. Let's keep going.  

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With into, here's another exception. When we use 
into we can also use this to speak about an impact.

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Okay. A bird just flew into the 
window. There's an obvious impact.

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Cars are driven into walls to test their 
safety. In both of these examples it's clear  

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we're speaking about an impact, we're 
not talking about going into something.

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In and on don't always need an object. Many 
times the object is optional, it's not necessary.  

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Into and onto always need an object. For 
example, come into my office. Come into my office.  

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Come in. Come in. Can I just use in? I'm 
showing a change right, from A to B?  

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In this second example here it's fine, it's 
perfect, because it's already clear, the  

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person is speaking about the office. It doesn't 
need to be repeated. Let's do another example,

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he walked onto the stage without his microphone. 
He walked on without his microphone. Again, I don't  

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need to repeat onto the stage because in the 
conversation or in the text it's already clear.

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Dive. Drop.

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Fall. Jump. Put. Throw.  

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With these verbs here you can use in/into or on/onto interchangeably, and there's no difference in  

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meaning. Put the ice cream in the freezer. Put 
the ice cream into the freezer. Both are fine.

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He threw the pizza on the roof. He threw the pizza 
onto the roof. Again, there's no difference here.  

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Mini review: In and on show the location of an 
object or action. The laundry is in the basket.  

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The basket is on the washing machine. Into 
and onto to show a change or a transformation.  

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I decided to move the washing 
machine into the kitchen.  

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First, we had to lift the washing machine 
onto a dolly before we could move it.  

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Into can also be used to talk about an impact, 
like a bird flew into the window. Into and onto  

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always need an object. It started to rain 
so I brought the laundry into the house.  

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Many times in and on don't need an object if it's 
already clear what we're talking about. It started  

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to rain so I brought the laundry in. With some 
verbs we can use in/into, on/onto interchangeably.  

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Put the dirty laundry in the washing machine. 
Put the dirty laundry into the washing machine.

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Hmm, many times if the situation 
is obvious native speakers might  

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use these prepositions interchangeably. For example,

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Look in my eyes and tell me the truth. 
Look into my eyes and tell me the truth.  

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Using in or into it's really clear what I mean. 
But you really do want to follow these rules.

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These four done. But what about in to, what about 
on to? This can be a little bit confusing because  

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um in spoken English it doesn't matter, it sounds 
the same. This is all about written English.

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We all chipped in to buy Frankie a present. 
Try the dress on to see if it fits you.  

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Chip in is a phrasal verb. Try on is a phrasal verb.

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Chip in means lots of people pay for something 
together, usually we're talking about a gift.  

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So if there are five people in your 
office and they all chip in ten dollars,  

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you have fifty dollars to buy 
someone a gift. That's to chip in.  

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Try on, this means you put clothes on to 
see if they look good, to see if they fit.  

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To buy, to see, these are infinitives. Your 
infinitive is to plus base verb.  

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To by, to see, to go, to play, to eat, to fall, to
dance, to try, to fake. I think you get the idea.  

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Why do we use an infinitive? In these examples 
the infinitive is showing us why we do the action.  

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We all chipped in why to buy Frankie a present. 
Try the dress on why to see if it fits you.  

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So the phrasal verb and the infinitive 
are two completely different things.  

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Into? No. Onto? No. There are so 
many phrasal verbs in English,  

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let's choose a different one without in, 
or on, so you can really see what I mean.

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We went out to celebrate my birthday. Go out. Go 
out is a great phrasal verb. This means you leave  

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the house to do something fun, something social, 
like going to a restaurant or going to a club.

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I have my phrasal verb go out 
and my infinitive, to celebrate.  

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We wouldn't write: We went outto celebrate my 
birthday. Yes there are hundreds of phrasal verbs  

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in English, but I do have a lesson on 100 super 
common phrasal verbs that you can use day to day!  

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I also wrote a blog post on how to learn phrasal 
verbs easily, I'll put both of these links down  

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below for you. Okay, to isn't always part of 
an infinitive. To can also be a preposition.  

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The student handed his essay in to the teacher.

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Take a booklet and pass the stack 
on to the person sitting next to you.  

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The mayor decided not to give in to the 
protesters demands. We have our phrasal verbs  

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and our prepositions. There's 
no need to connect them.  

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In the first sentence if I say, the student 
handed his essay in after the deadline. Again,  

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these are separate things. Nobody would ever write 
the student handed his essay in after the deadline.  

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A couple of times in this lesson I said 
separate your phrasal verb and the to  

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infinitive, separate your phrasal 
verb and to preposition.  

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But some phrasal verbs already have 
into and onto as their preposition.

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Here's a quick list I got from wiktionary.org, 
all of these phrasal verbs already end in into.  

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Into is part of the phrasal verb. Here's 
a list of phrasal verbs with onto.  

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Again, onto is already part of the phrasal verb, 
and you don't need to know all of the phrasal  

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verbs in English to understand today's 
grammar. You just need to be aware of this.

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Okay, last thing before another mini 
review and the test. Common question: 

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Please log in to your student account. Please log 
into your student account. Which one is correct?  

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The first one is correct, log in is a phrasal verb. 
Log in to Facebook, log in to tick tock, Instagram  

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if you're having trouble with logging in to your 
account, learn how to get login and password help.

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Mini note login as one word, is an 
adjective or noun. That's a bit different.

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But log into is really common, you might see this 
in an email or on a website. You can log into our  

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website via the link we sent you. This is so 
common that I think many people many native  

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speakers reading this, would never see that it's 
a mistake. I just want you to be aware of this.  

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Last mini review before the test: In and on do 
not need to be connected to, to the infinitive,  

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or to the preposition. But some phrasal verbs 
already have into and onto as part of them.  

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You need to look at the full sentence to see 
which one you need. And that's what we're going  

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to try to do in the test. Here is my test. 
Actually I should say here is your test!  

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I've highlighted the prepositions from today's 
lesson, but you need to look at the complete  

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sentence to match all these together correctly. 
Let's do one example together. Number one, location.  

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Mm-hmm, you have a mosquito on your arm. Here 
on is showing the location of the mosquito.  

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Can you connect the rest of the explanations 
to the examples? Pause the video to do this.

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Okay, here are the answers. How did you do? Please 
let me know in the comments below, I really do  

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want to hear from you, and do you have any are 
there any other prepositions you confuse? Let  

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me know. I hope this lesson was helpful, thank you 
so much for watching I'll see you next time! Bye!

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[Music]