WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:00.360 --> 00:00:01.860 [Music] 2 00:00:01.860 --> 00:00:04.860 laughs 3 00:00:05.279 --> 00:00:08.880 Albert Einstein 4 00:00:08.880 --> 00:00:12.179 let's play a guessing game 5 00:00:12.179 --> 00:00:14.340 here are some clues about a famous 6 00:00:14.340 --> 00:00:17.940 person who lived a long time ago 7 00:00:17.940 --> 00:00:20.880 see if you can guess who this person is 8 00:00:20.880 --> 00:00:24.960 this person was born in ohm Germany in 9 00:00:24.960 --> 00:00:28.920 March of 1879. he spent most of his 10 00:00:28.920 --> 00:00:31.920 childhood in the city of Munich 11 00:00:31.920 --> 00:00:35.219 he was a famous scientist who is still 12 00:00:35.219 --> 00:00:37.079 very well known today 13 00:00:37.079 --> 00:00:39.780 in fact he is one of the most famous 14 00:00:39.780 --> 00:00:42.719 scientists who ever lived 15 00:00:42.719 --> 00:00:45.360 some people believe he had speech 16 00:00:45.360 --> 00:00:47.700 problems as a child because he didn't 17 00:00:47.700 --> 00:00:49.860 start talking until he was four years 18 00:00:49.860 --> 00:00:51.600 old 19 00:00:51.600 --> 00:00:54.840 however when he got older he often said 20 00:00:54.840 --> 00:00:57.180 he could talk before that he just didn't 21 00:00:57.180 --> 00:00:58.559 want to 22 00:00:58.559 --> 00:01:01.379 he also couldn't read until he was nine 23 00:01:01.379 --> 00:01:02.640 years old 24 00:01:02.640 --> 00:01:05.580 his parents feared that he wasn't very 25 00:01:05.580 --> 00:01:06.479 smart 26 00:01:06.479 --> 00:01:09.840 but that wasn't the case at all in fact 27 00:01:09.840 --> 00:01:12.420 he was brilliant 28 00:01:12.420 --> 00:01:15.180 even though he had some struggles with 29 00:01:15.180 --> 00:01:17.819 learning as a child he enjoyed school 30 00:01:17.819 --> 00:01:20.280 and liked to read on his own 31 00:01:20.280 --> 00:01:23.100 it is because of him that we have the 32 00:01:23.100 --> 00:01:27.119 well-known equation that says E equals m 33 00:01:27.119 --> 00:01:28.619 c squared 34 00:01:28.619 --> 00:01:31.319 here is a picture of him 35 00:01:31.319 --> 00:01:35.220 do you recognize our mystery scientist 36 00:01:35.220 --> 00:01:38.220 did you say Albert Einstein 37 00:01:38.220 --> 00:01:41.459 if you did you're right and if you 38 00:01:41.459 --> 00:01:44.040 didn't that's okay too because in this 39 00:01:44.040 --> 00:01:46.380 video you are going to learn all about 40 00:01:46.380 --> 00:01:47.759 him 41 00:01:47.759 --> 00:01:50.820 Albert Einstein's father owned an 42 00:01:50.820 --> 00:01:53.520 electronics store and it was here where 43 00:01:53.520 --> 00:01:56.579 Einstein became interested in science 44 00:01:56.579 --> 00:01:59.340 his father gave him a compass when 45 00:01:59.340 --> 00:02:02.340 Einstein was just five years old 46 00:02:02.340 --> 00:02:05.340 from that point on Albert learned as 47 00:02:05.340 --> 00:02:07.560 much as he could about science and 48 00:02:07.560 --> 00:02:09.479 electronics from his father 49 00:02:09.479 --> 00:02:14.700 in 1894 when Albert was 15 years old the 50 00:02:14.700 --> 00:02:17.220 Einstein family moved to Italy and 51 00:02:17.220 --> 00:02:19.620 searched for better work 52 00:02:19.620 --> 00:02:23.099 in addition to science Einstein also 53 00:02:23.099 --> 00:02:25.739 became interested in mathematics 54 00:02:25.739 --> 00:02:28.560 he wanted to study it in school 55 00:02:28.560 --> 00:02:31.080 it was in Switzerland where he finished 56 00:02:31.080 --> 00:02:33.120 his education 57 00:02:33.120 --> 00:02:37.860 in 1900 at the age of 21 he graduated 58 00:02:37.860 --> 00:02:40.739 from the Polytechnic Academy in Zurich 59 00:02:40.739 --> 00:02:42.000 Switzerland 60 00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:44.580 he earned a degree in math and physics 61 00:02:44.580 --> 00:02:47.459 but couldn't find work as a teacher 62 00:02:47.459 --> 00:02:50.220 when Albert Einstein became an adult 63 00:02:50.220 --> 00:02:52.500 people said that he was often 64 00:02:52.500 --> 00:02:55.800 disorganized and forgot appointments he 65 00:02:55.800 --> 00:02:58.200 even failed a test to get into college 66 00:02:58.200 --> 00:03:00.840 the first time he took it 67 00:03:00.840 --> 00:03:04.260 after college Einstein's first job was a 68 00:03:04.260 --> 00:03:06.419 clerk in a patent office 69 00:03:06.419 --> 00:03:09.300 a patent gives inventors the rights to 70 00:03:09.300 --> 00:03:12.860 make use or sell their invention 71 00:03:12.860 --> 00:03:15.480 patents prove that you are the person 72 00:03:15.480 --> 00:03:17.519 that invented a product 73 00:03:17.519 --> 00:03:20.340 they also prevent others from copying 74 00:03:20.340 --> 00:03:23.700 your work or taking credit for it 75 00:03:23.700 --> 00:03:25.879 while working in the patent office 76 00:03:25.879 --> 00:03:28.080 Einstein reviewed other people's 77 00:03:28.080 --> 00:03:29.220 inventions 78 00:03:29.220 --> 00:03:31.680 he also worked on many of his own 79 00:03:31.680 --> 00:03:34.620 discoveries and learned a lot 80 00:03:34.620 --> 00:03:37.159 three years after graduating college 81 00:03:37.159 --> 00:03:40.159 Einstein married his longtime girlfriend 82 00:03:40.159 --> 00:03:43.080 her name was maliva Merrick 83 00:03:43.080 --> 00:03:47.459 they had two sons named Hans Albert and 84 00:03:47.459 --> 00:03:48.599 Edward 85 00:03:48.599 --> 00:03:51.840 later though the marriage ended 86 00:03:51.840 --> 00:03:54.659 eventually Einstein married his cousin 87 00:03:54.659 --> 00:03:58.080 who was named Elsa lewinthal 88 00:03:58.080 --> 00:04:01.620 and they had one daughter named Margo 89 00:04:01.620 --> 00:04:04.620 Einstein was Jewish and during that time 90 00:04:04.620 --> 00:04:07.200 in history the Nazis were mistreating 91 00:04:07.200 --> 00:04:09.900 and even killing Jewish people who lived 92 00:04:09.900 --> 00:04:11.519 in Europe 93 00:04:11.519 --> 00:04:13.799 the Nazis were a group of German people 94 00:04:13.799 --> 00:04:17.100 led by Adolf Hitler they hated Jewish 95 00:04:17.100 --> 00:04:19.320 people and others who they thought 96 00:04:19.320 --> 00:04:21.120 weren't as good as them 97 00:04:21.120 --> 00:04:23.520 the Nazis were responsible for the 98 00:04:23.520 --> 00:04:25.979 Holocaust which led to the deaths of 99 00:04:25.979 --> 00:04:28.320 millions of people 100 00:04:28.320 --> 00:04:31.919 in 1933 Einstein moved to the United 101 00:04:31.919 --> 00:04:35.220 States to avoid the Nazis in Germany 102 00:04:35.220 --> 00:04:38.880 and in 1940 he became a formal citizen 103 00:04:38.880 --> 00:04:41.960 of the United States 104 00:04:41.960 --> 00:04:44.339 Einstein's most important contribution 105 00:04:44.339 --> 00:04:47.100 to the world of physics and science is 106 00:04:47.100 --> 00:04:49.380 his theory of relativity 107 00:04:49.380 --> 00:04:52.380 a theory is an idea about how something 108 00:04:52.380 --> 00:04:53.759 works 109 00:04:53.759 --> 00:04:56.639 his theory changed how scientists 110 00:04:56.639 --> 00:04:58.860 studied the universe 111 00:04:58.860 --> 00:05:01.820 it led to many modern inventions 112 00:05:01.820 --> 00:05:05.100 including nuclear energy 113 00:05:05.100 --> 00:05:08.520 nuclear energy is the energy that holds 114 00:05:08.520 --> 00:05:10.320 atoms together 115 00:05:10.320 --> 00:05:13.560 when the atom is split it releases that 116 00:05:13.560 --> 00:05:15.360 energy 117 00:05:15.360 --> 00:05:18.900 even though Einstein was against War his 118 00:05:18.900 --> 00:05:21.180 Discovery led to the research and 119 00:05:21.180 --> 00:05:23.580 development of a famous bomb in our 120 00:05:23.580 --> 00:05:25.380 world history 121 00:05:25.380 --> 00:05:28.979 that bomb was called the atomic bomb 122 00:05:28.979 --> 00:05:31.919 the atomic bomb was a very powerful 123 00:05:31.919 --> 00:05:34.020 explosive device 124 00:05:34.020 --> 00:05:37.440 it was used during World War II to blow 125 00:05:37.440 --> 00:05:40.860 up Hiroshima and Nagasaki which are two 126 00:05:40.860 --> 00:05:42.600 cities in Japan 127 00:05:42.600 --> 00:05:45.360 though Einstein did not directly work on 128 00:05:45.360 --> 00:05:47.940 inventing the bomb his work and 129 00:05:47.940 --> 00:05:50.400 scientific discoveries were important 130 00:05:50.400 --> 00:05:52.320 for the bomb's development 131 00:05:52.320 --> 00:05:55.139 because of that his name is often 132 00:05:55.139 --> 00:05:57.900 associated with the atomic bomb 133 00:05:57.900 --> 00:06:00.720 one equation from Einstein's theory of 134 00:06:00.720 --> 00:06:04.800 relativity is E equals m c squared 135 00:06:04.800 --> 00:06:07.979 the C in this equation represents the 136 00:06:07.979 --> 00:06:09.360 speed of light 137 00:06:09.360 --> 00:06:12.120 that light is the fastest speed possible 138 00:06:12.120 --> 00:06:14.220 in the universe 139 00:06:14.220 --> 00:06:16.919 nothing can go faster than how quickly 140 00:06:16.919 --> 00:06:18.660 light travels 141 00:06:18.660 --> 00:06:22.860 the e in the equation equals energy and 142 00:06:22.860 --> 00:06:25.759 the m equals mass 143 00:06:25.759 --> 00:06:28.500 Einstein's theory is very complicated 144 00:06:28.500 --> 00:06:32.039 but it basically says that the more mass 145 00:06:32.039 --> 00:06:35.160 an object has or the faster it is going 146 00:06:35.160 --> 00:06:39.419 the more energy it has for instance if 147 00:06:39.419 --> 00:06:41.639 you roll a bowling ball and a tennis 148 00:06:41.639 --> 00:06:44.940 ball down a hill the bowling ball would 149 00:06:44.940 --> 00:06:46.740 get to the bottom quicker than the 150 00:06:46.740 --> 00:06:47.819 tennis ball 151 00:06:47.819 --> 00:06:50.639 that's because the bowling ball has more 152 00:06:50.639 --> 00:06:52.500 mass than a tennis ball 153 00:06:52.500 --> 00:06:55.139 that mass is what gives the bowling ball 154 00:06:55.139 --> 00:06:56.520 more energy 155 00:06:56.520 --> 00:07:00.120 making it move down the hill quicker 156 00:07:00.120 --> 00:07:03.180 Einstein also taught that speed is 157 00:07:03.180 --> 00:07:05.520 relative to The Observer 158 00:07:05.520 --> 00:07:07.319 how fast you feel or see something 159 00:07:07.319 --> 00:07:10.139 moving depends on how close you are to 160 00:07:10.139 --> 00:07:11.580 that object 161 00:07:11.580 --> 00:07:14.880 for example an airplane travels around 162 00:07:14.880 --> 00:07:18.419 500 miles per hour in the sky that's 163 00:07:18.419 --> 00:07:21.240 very fast but when you are sitting on an 164 00:07:21.240 --> 00:07:23.400 airplane it doesn't feel that fast 165 00:07:23.400 --> 00:07:25.560 because you are moving with the airplane 166 00:07:25.560 --> 00:07:28.680 as it flies through the air 167 00:07:28.680 --> 00:07:31.680 but if the same airplane flew over your 168 00:07:31.680 --> 00:07:33.360 house and you were on the ground 169 00:07:33.360 --> 00:07:36.479 watching it the airplane would appear to 170 00:07:36.479 --> 00:07:39.060 be moving a lot quicker 171 00:07:39.060 --> 00:07:42.060 a lot of Albert Einstein's work is our 172 00:07:42.060 --> 00:07:45.419 basis for physics today we work from a 173 00:07:45.419 --> 00:07:48.360 lot of his ideas and discoveries as we 174 00:07:48.360 --> 00:07:50.300 create new things 175 00:07:50.300 --> 00:07:53.400 Einstein's theory of relativity has led 176 00:07:53.400 --> 00:07:57.300 to the creation of GPS systems the first 177 00:07:57.300 --> 00:08:01.560 TVs ever made nuclear power plants and 178 00:08:01.560 --> 00:08:03.479 many other things 179 00:08:03.479 --> 00:08:08.099 in 1905 Einstein discovered that light 180 00:08:08.099 --> 00:08:11.220 is made up of particles called photons 181 00:08:11.220 --> 00:08:13.860 most other scientists disagreed with his 182 00:08:13.860 --> 00:08:14.819 idea 183 00:08:14.819 --> 00:08:19.440 however in 1919 people realized that he 184 00:08:19.440 --> 00:08:20.699 was right 185 00:08:20.699 --> 00:08:24.180 and in 1921 he was given a very 186 00:08:24.180 --> 00:08:28.259 impressive award called the Nobel Prize 187 00:08:28.259 --> 00:08:31.800 Nobel prizes are awarded every year for 188 00:08:31.800 --> 00:08:34.979 accomplishments in academic cultural or 189 00:08:34.979 --> 00:08:37.140 scientific advances 190 00:08:37.140 --> 00:08:40.640 with the help of another scientist named 191 00:08:40.640 --> 00:08:42.860 satyendra Bose 192 00:08:42.860 --> 00:08:45.540 Einstein discovered another state of 193 00:08:45.540 --> 00:08:50.220 matter besides solid liquid and gas 194 00:08:50.220 --> 00:08:53.339 this discovery is used today in lasers 195 00:08:53.339 --> 00:08:56.100 and superconductors 196 00:08:56.100 --> 00:08:59.519 Einstein was a great scientist but he 197 00:08:59.519 --> 00:09:01.860 used to tell people that if he were not 198 00:09:01.860 --> 00:09:04.080 a physicist he would have been a 199 00:09:04.080 --> 00:09:05.339 musician 200 00:09:05.339 --> 00:09:07.380 he gained a love for music from his 201 00:09:07.380 --> 00:09:09.720 mother and enjoyed playing the violin 202 00:09:09.720 --> 00:09:13.140 and piano in a spare time 203 00:09:13.140 --> 00:09:16.620 Albert Einstein died of heart failure in 204 00:09:16.620 --> 00:09:19.640 the United States on April 18 205 00:09:19.640 --> 00:09:23.220 1955. at the age of 76 206 00:09:23.220 --> 00:09:26.339 his body was cremated but his brain was 207 00:09:26.339 --> 00:09:29.880 preserved by scientists they hoped by 208 00:09:29.880 --> 00:09:32.519 studying it they could find out why he 209 00:09:32.519 --> 00:09:34.320 was such a genius 210 00:09:34.320 --> 00:09:36.720 sure enough they discovered that his 211 00:09:36.720 --> 00:09:38.940 brain is different than those of most 212 00:09:38.940 --> 00:09:40.440 humans 213 00:09:40.440 --> 00:09:44.580 in 1999 Time magazine named Albert 214 00:09:44.580 --> 00:09:48.000 Einstein the person of the century 215 00:09:48.000 --> 00:09:50.820 that means they thought he was the most 216 00:09:50.820 --> 00:09:53.640 interesting person that lived during the 217 00:09:53.640 --> 00:09:56.339 last hundred years 218 00:09:56.339 --> 00:09:59.339 Albert Einstein struggled with education 219 00:09:59.339 --> 00:10:01.140 early in his life 220 00:10:01.140 --> 00:10:03.540 but he did not give up 221 00:10:03.540 --> 00:10:06.540 he worked hard and went on to become one 222 00:10:06.540 --> 00:10:10.019 of the most brilliant people in history 223 00:10:10.019 --> 00:10:12.899 so if you sometimes wonder if you are 224 00:10:12.899 --> 00:10:15.540 smart because you struggle in school 225 00:10:15.540 --> 00:10:18.240 remember that one of the most famous 226 00:10:18.240 --> 00:10:21.420 people in history started out struggling 227 00:10:21.420 --> 00:10:25.980 too so never give up and one day you 228 00:10:25.980 --> 00:10:28.500 might become the next Albert Einstein 229 00:10:28.500 --> 00:10:31.620 hope you had fun learning with us visit 230 00:10:31.620 --> 00:10:34.320 us at learnbrite.org 231 00:10:34.320 --> 00:10:37.320 for thousands of free resources and 232 00:10:37.320 --> 00:10:39.779 TurnKey solutions for teachers and 233 00:10:39.779 --> 00:10:42.560 homeschoolers 234 00:10:44.559 --> 00:10:47.699 [Music]