WEBVTT FILE

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this song got the most votes on what

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song to learn English with next Taylor

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Swift Wildest Dreams

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what song do you want to see next put it

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in the comments below but if the song is

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already there just like that comment

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alright let's get started

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[Music]

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so she put a little break here so we'll

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call that two separate thought groups so

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in this first three word thought group

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what word has the most stressed

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he said let's

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[Music]

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he said let's let's has much more stress

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more volume the up down shape

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it's longer so that's the same as it

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would be in spoken English he said let's

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he said let's the three words are

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smoothly connected there are no breaks

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between them

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the sound just flows right through that

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phrase

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satellites

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he said let's get out of this town now

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we have two T's in the phrase in the

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words get and the word out and she

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pronounces them differently so a t is

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usually a flap T which sounds sort of

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like an American D outa outa Auda if it

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comes between two vowels or diphthongs

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so they both do get out of get out of

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so in spoken English it would be really

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common to make both of those a flap T

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but she doesn't do that with the first

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the first she makes a stop T the second

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T is a flap T smoothly linking those get

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out of the word of is reduced it's just

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the schwa Auda aura get out

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now the word get

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is pronounced how

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get

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get get get

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that's a stop T you might think I don't

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hear a t that would sound like this get

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but a stop T get get is different from

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no tea at all no tea at all would sound

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like this yeah

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yeah the voice would go down in Pitch it

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would be a little bit longer the stop T

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is an abrupt stop and that is what

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signifies the T get get get we don't

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hear a t sound but because there's an

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abrupt stop our minds as native speakers

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hear that as a t get

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get out of get out of so she puts a

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break there by making that stop tea and

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then she reattacks the phrase on the ow

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diphthong

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rather than linking with a flap T get

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out of here

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out of this town and then the rest of

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the words linked together really

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smoothly

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out of this town the two most stressed

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words there they're longer

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they're stressed out of this town out of

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this town out of this town so of and

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this or this or this or this lower in

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Pitch have an unstressed feeling

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[Music]

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the word town has the ow diphthong

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and the N consonant I've noticed this

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combination can be tricky for non-native

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speakers especially my students from

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China tend to say Tau

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and they nasalize the vowel and don't

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make an N but that's not what we do in

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American English

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Tau ow the ow diphthong is not nasalized

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at all and then the tongue comes up for

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the N

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Town town

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so make sure your tongue is making

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contact with the roof of the mouth the

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tongue tip does lift that's the N if you

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feel like your tongue tip isn't lifting

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then you're probably nasalizing the

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vowel or the diphthong here Tau Tau we

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do not want that town Town

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n consonant at the end

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town

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Town drive out of the city what do you

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hear as the most stressed words in this

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next phrase

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[Music]

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drive drive out of the city drive and

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see the stressed syllable of City have

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the most stress

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they're longer that rhythmic contrast of

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long and short is important in singing

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but also in spoken English all of these

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words linked together really smoothly

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there are no breaks drive out of the

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city

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duh smooth connection the V sound right

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into the owl diphthong of out

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that is a flap T again

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out

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of the out of the and the schwa vowel

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just links right into the word the the

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uh out of the out of the city

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[Music]

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drive

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out of the city city what's happening

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with this tea

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it is a flap T isn't it City

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the tongue flaps against the roof of

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mouth that's because it comes between

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two vowels City

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City

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City away from the crowd away from the

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crowds the stress of how it sung is

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exactly like the stress of how it would

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be spoken away stress on way from the

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crowd's stress on crowds away from the

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crowds away from the crowds so the first

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syllable of a way we see the letter A

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but it's just the schwa

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away away

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from the they're not that clearly

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pronounced are they

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[Music]

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from the from the from the she reduces

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the vowel we would do this in spoken

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English too it's the schwa from from

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from from the from the

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and all of these words in this phrase

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linked together really smoothly

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Heaven can't help me now I thought

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Heaven a little bit of length on thought

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da da I thought but then more stress

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more volume in the voice Heaven can't

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help me now in those three syllables

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help me now I thought Heaven can't help

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me now I thought Heaven can't help me

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now what about the tea and thought do

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you hear that release

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I thought I thought I thought no there's

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no release it's a stop T I thought I

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thought I thought I thought I thought a

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tea is a stop to when the next word

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begins with a consonant as it does here

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sometimes the beginning H is silent like

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in the word hour but in the word Heaven

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it's not silent we do say that H that's

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a consonant sound so the T before is a

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stop T I thought heaven

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thought Heaven can't help me now what

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about the tea and can't do you hear

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a released tea no

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tea is not released that often actually

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a true tea it's not all that common

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and in the an apostrophe T contractions

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there are a couple of different ways

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that tea will be pronounced sometimes

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it's totally dropped and sometimes it's

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a stop

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and it's a stop here can't help can't

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help can't help

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it's not can't help and it's also not

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can help but it can't help little tiny

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lift in the voice there that stop

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signifies the T to Americans can't help

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she is using a little bit more breath on

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the two h's

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and if we exaggerate the first sound the

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first consonant of a word that brings a

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little bit more stress a little bit more

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drama to it Heaven Help Heaven can't

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help Heaven can't help Heaven can't help

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me now help me now help what happens to

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that P help right it's released help but

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just like t p is also a stop consonant

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so the lips come together they close

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that cuts off the air

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help and then they open and some air

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escapes that's called the release but

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it's common in American English when the

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next word begins with a consonant like

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it does here to skip the release so you

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would close your lips for the P help

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me but then when you open them you go

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right into the next word rather than

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releasing that air first so she's also

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making that a stop consonant

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the L in the word help is a dark L

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because it comes after the vowel in that

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syllable

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help

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help you actually don't need to lift

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your tongue tip for that you've probably

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learned

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that to make an L you lift your tongue

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tip oh but that's only for a light L for

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a dark L we usually don't lift our

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tongue tip and in fact if you do it

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makes it sound too forward in the mouth

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and it doesn't sound quite right help

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help help

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we don't want that we want hell hell

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help and to make that

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dark l sound we don't lift the tongue

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tip we leave the tongue tip down and

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with the back of the tongue we press

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down and back a little bit oh hell help

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me help me now

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nothing lasts forever

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we're really learning a lot about

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consonants in this aren't we and the way

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she sings them is exactly like how we do

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them in spoken English too let's look at

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the next phrase because again something

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interesting is happening with some

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ending consonants

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[Music]

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nothing lasts forever nothing lasts

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forever so first of all our stress more

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volume a little bit more length nothing

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lasts for ever the middle syllable

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of forever is what's stressed

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um let's talk about the NG ending here

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nothing what do you hear nothing

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so it's a little bit different the NG

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sound gets changed to an n Sound nothing

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nothing it's fairly common to do that

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with ing ending words especially in song

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English you don't want to do it all the

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time in spoken English because then it

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would start to sound a bit like a

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regional accent but definitely everyone

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does it some in American English

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nothing nothing lasts forever nothing

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lasts forever lasts

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s-t-s cluster and then an F right next

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to it so we have four consonants in a

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row how does she pronounce it

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[Music]

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lasts forever

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well it's definitely not lasts forever

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lasts forever

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I think what she's doing is dropping

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these two I think you can get away with

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that lasts forever nothing lasts forever

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everyone would know that you had said

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lasts

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even though you didn't say that it's

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just the way that we would sometimes

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shorten a word it's not uncommon to drop

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a consonant like T between two other

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consonants

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and here we have T and S between S and F

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and it's just natural to drop them and

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Link it into the next word lasts forever

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nothing lasts forever natural and spoken

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English as well as sung English

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nothing lasts forever

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nothing lasts forever the word forever

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you see the letter O you might want to

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say four but that's not how it's

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pronounced it's pronounced fur forever

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forever so I would write that with the

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schwa for e and then the stressed

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syllable

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is next so that syllable is not stressed

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it's not four it's fur fur forever

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forever

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[Music]

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but this is gonna take me down okay lots

280
00:13:48.540 --> 00:13:50.519
of stress on take much more up down

281
00:13:50.519 --> 00:13:53.578
shape there higher pitch some stress on

282
00:13:53.578 --> 00:13:57.720
this but this more volume more intensity

283
00:13:57.720 --> 00:14:01.760
take me down

284
00:14:01.920 --> 00:14:05.360
me down but this is gonna take me down

285
00:14:05.360 --> 00:14:08.940
but this is gonna take me down let's

286
00:14:08.940 --> 00:14:10.620
look at the tea and butt what happens

287
00:14:10.620 --> 00:14:12.920
here

288
00:14:14.458 --> 00:14:19.199
but this but this but this it's not but

289
00:14:19.199 --> 00:14:22.260
it's but but but but

290
00:14:22.260 --> 00:14:24.240
said really quickly it's an unstressed

291
00:14:24.240 --> 00:14:26.699
word I'd write that with a stop T but

292
00:14:26.699 --> 00:14:30.139
but but this but this but this is gonna

293
00:14:30.139 --> 00:14:33.380
but this is

294
00:14:35.940 --> 00:14:39.360
course short for going to

295
00:14:39.360 --> 00:14:41.100
and all of these words linked together

296
00:14:41.100 --> 00:14:45.420
really smoothly this is gonna take me

297
00:14:45.420 --> 00:14:48.720
down no breaks

298
00:14:48.720 --> 00:14:50.399
in American English things linked

299
00:14:50.399 --> 00:14:52.740
together really smoothly now we have the

300
00:14:52.740 --> 00:14:56.399
word down just like town it's the ow

301
00:14:56.399 --> 00:15:00.240
diphthong and the N consonant I know a

302
00:15:00.240 --> 00:15:01.860
lot of my students say something like

303
00:15:01.860 --> 00:15:05.639
down with a nasalized diphthong we don't

304
00:15:05.639 --> 00:15:08.100
want that Dao

305
00:15:08.100 --> 00:15:11.760
no nasal quality at all Dao and then the

306
00:15:11.760 --> 00:15:14.000
n Sound Dao

307
00:15:14.000 --> 00:15:17.100
Dao down

308
00:15:17.100 --> 00:15:20.720
down down

309
00:15:24.199 --> 00:15:27.959
now let's listen to just the words down

310
00:15:27.959 --> 00:15:30.680
he's so

311
00:15:30.680 --> 00:15:33.320
down

312
00:15:33.320 --> 00:15:36.779
do you notice there's no h and he's down

313
00:15:36.779 --> 00:15:40.620
he's so he's so he's so just the eval

314
00:15:40.620 --> 00:15:42.540
that's a fairly common reduction we drop

315
00:15:42.540 --> 00:15:44.820
the H in some of these function words

316
00:15:44.820 --> 00:15:48.480
like he his him her that are really

317
00:15:48.480 --> 00:15:50.880
common so she's dropped to the H there

318
00:15:50.880 --> 00:15:54.620
this happens in spoken English too

319
00:15:57.019 --> 00:16:00.839
the apostrophe s and he's is a light

320
00:16:00.839 --> 00:16:04.259
weak z sound but when it links into an S

321
00:16:04.259 --> 00:16:06.000
which is stronger

322
00:16:06.000 --> 00:16:08.399
than the S tends to just take over that

323
00:16:08.399 --> 00:16:11.220
Z so you can think that Z is not

324
00:16:11.220 --> 00:16:13.740
actually there it's the E vowel and then

325
00:16:13.740 --> 00:16:18.980
s ISO is so is so tall

326
00:16:22.399 --> 00:16:25.199
higher pitch that word is stressed he's

327
00:16:25.199 --> 00:16:28.860
so he's so tall

328
00:16:28.860 --> 00:16:31.860
tall

329
00:16:33.779 --> 00:16:37.259
also down here hell and well

330
00:16:37.259 --> 00:16:39.480
these are all dark L's

331
00:16:39.480 --> 00:16:42.360
they all come at the end of the word

332
00:16:42.360 --> 00:16:43.920
and you don't need to lift your tongue

333
00:16:43.920 --> 00:16:45.540
tip for that tall

334
00:16:45.540 --> 00:16:46.740
hell

335
00:16:46.740 --> 00:16:49.639
well

336
00:16:49.699 --> 00:16:53.220
that ending sound that dark sound does

337
00:16:53.220 --> 00:16:56.519
not require tongue lift oh and if you do

338
00:16:56.519 --> 00:16:58.680
lift your tongue there is a chance you

339
00:16:58.680 --> 00:17:01.820
will mess up the dark sound

340
00:17:03.380 --> 00:17:07.679
he's so tall and handsome as hell he's

341
00:17:07.679 --> 00:17:11.819
so tall and handsome as hell and that

342
00:17:11.819 --> 00:17:14.579
word is reduced um

343
00:17:14.579 --> 00:17:17.100
you could write that schwa n there's no

344
00:17:17.100 --> 00:17:21.260
D sound and handsome and handsome

345
00:17:23.100 --> 00:17:25.880
what about the D and handsome not there

346
00:17:25.880 --> 00:17:28.559
handsome handsome

347
00:17:28.559 --> 00:17:31.940
and handsome as hell

348
00:17:36.320 --> 00:17:38.880
hell with a little bit of extra breath

349
00:17:38.880 --> 00:17:40.859
in that H just to bring a little bit

350
00:17:40.859 --> 00:17:43.440
more stress and drama to that word and

351
00:17:43.440 --> 00:17:46.500
handsome as hell the word as not

352
00:17:46.500 --> 00:17:49.020
pronounced with the a vowel that's

353
00:17:49.020 --> 00:17:52.740
reduced as becomes is is you can think

354
00:17:52.740 --> 00:17:55.919
of it as the schwa or the it as in sit

355
00:17:55.919 --> 00:17:58.440
vowel handsome is handsome is handsome

356
00:17:58.440 --> 00:18:00.860
as hell

357
00:18:05.050 --> 00:18:08.299
[Music]

358
00:18:08.299 --> 00:18:11.400
here the second time I am hearing the H

359
00:18:11.400 --> 00:18:15.119
on his he's so again there's no z sound

360
00:18:15.119 --> 00:18:17.580
just linked together with a an S sound

361
00:18:17.580 --> 00:18:22.880
he's so he's so he's so he's so bad

362
00:18:25.710 --> 00:18:27.440
[Music]

363
00:18:27.440 --> 00:18:30.780
bad with some stress a little bit more

364
00:18:30.780 --> 00:18:34.619
breathy there higher pitch longer he's

365
00:18:34.619 --> 00:18:38.700
so bad but he does it but he does

366
00:18:38.700 --> 00:18:42.720
becomes buddy buddy what that's so weird

367
00:18:42.720 --> 00:18:46.320
it sounds like b-u-d-d-y buddy

368
00:18:46.320 --> 00:18:49.200
and that's because she drops the H and

369
00:18:49.200 --> 00:18:51.720
he so we have an ending e vowel and now

370
00:18:51.720 --> 00:18:54.240
the t comes between two vowels so that's

371
00:18:54.240 --> 00:18:58.919
a flap T buddy buddy buddy buddy

372
00:18:58.919 --> 00:19:02.820
but he does it so well this is Perfectly

373
00:19:02.820 --> 00:19:05.340
Natural in spoken English as well buddy

374
00:19:05.340 --> 00:19:07.919
but he does it so well some stress on

375
00:19:07.919 --> 00:19:08.940
does

376
00:19:08.940 --> 00:19:11.640
and also a lot on well she

377
00:19:11.640 --> 00:19:13.619
does some interesting things with the

378
00:19:13.619 --> 00:19:16.520
notes there that is a stressed word

379
00:19:16.520 --> 00:19:23.039
[Music]

380
00:19:23.039 --> 00:19:25.799
that but he does it so well all links

381
00:19:25.799 --> 00:19:28.020
together really smoothly ending z sound

382
00:19:28.020 --> 00:19:30.859
and does links right into the if vowel

383
00:19:30.859 --> 00:19:35.640
does it does it now what about this tea

384
00:19:35.640 --> 00:19:38.419
does it so

385
00:19:38.419 --> 00:19:41.039
does it

386
00:19:41.039 --> 00:19:44.640
so do you hear

387
00:19:44.640 --> 00:19:47.520
it's not there it's a stop T does it so

388
00:19:47.520 --> 00:19:50.400
does it so that's because the next word

389
00:19:50.400 --> 00:19:53.280
begins with a consonant the S sound does

390
00:19:53.280 --> 00:19:54.450
it so well

391
00:19:54.450 --> 00:20:00.359
[Music]

392
00:20:00.359 --> 00:20:03.678
I can see the end

393
00:20:03.840 --> 00:20:07.200
I can see the end as it begins very

394
00:20:07.200 --> 00:20:09.240
clear with the stress there as far as

395
00:20:09.240 --> 00:20:11.340
the intonation the pitch of the song The

396
00:20:11.340 --> 00:20:15.299
Melody I can see the end as it begins

397
00:20:15.299 --> 00:20:17.820
begin to syllable word with second

398
00:20:17.820 --> 00:20:19.520
syllable stress

399
00:20:19.520 --> 00:20:24.419
I can see thee now the vowel in V is

400
00:20:24.419 --> 00:20:27.000
pronounced e instead of the

401
00:20:27.000 --> 00:20:28.740
because the next word begins with a

402
00:20:28.740 --> 00:20:31.260
vowel so the rule is if the next word

403
00:20:31.260 --> 00:20:33.840
begins with a vowel or diphthong make it

404
00:20:33.840 --> 00:20:35.220
V

405
00:20:35.220 --> 00:20:37.200
if the next word begins the consonant

406
00:20:37.200 --> 00:20:42.740
make it the I can see the end

407
00:20:43.200 --> 00:20:45.000
I can see the end

408
00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:48.539
I can see the end I can see the I can I

409
00:20:48.539 --> 00:20:51.900
can I can nice can reduction just like

410
00:20:51.900 --> 00:20:53.720
in spoken English

411
00:20:53.720 --> 00:20:56.760
when it's a helping verb that is not the

412
00:20:56.760 --> 00:20:58.919
main verb the main verb is C

413
00:20:58.919 --> 00:21:01.140
then it's going to be reduced it's not

414
00:21:01.140 --> 00:21:04.440
can it's can I can see I can see the end

415
00:21:04.440 --> 00:21:06.780
I can see the end

416
00:21:06.780 --> 00:21:08.820
I can see the end

417
00:21:08.820 --> 00:21:11.599
I can see the

418
00:21:12.419 --> 00:21:15.059
end now here as it she doesn't reduce

419
00:21:15.059 --> 00:21:18.000
the vowel it is the a as in bat vowel

420
00:21:18.000 --> 00:21:20.580
and the Z sound the z sound links right

421
00:21:20.580 --> 00:21:24.179
into the next vowel it as it as it what

422
00:21:24.179 --> 00:21:25.320
do you think is going to happen with

423
00:21:25.320 --> 00:21:27.960
this T the next word begins with a

424
00:21:27.960 --> 00:21:30.440
consonant

425
00:21:30.720 --> 00:21:36.419
as it begins as it begins as it as it be

426
00:21:36.419 --> 00:21:39.900
as it there's no

427
00:21:39.900 --> 00:21:42.000
that's a stop t

428
00:21:42.000 --> 00:21:47.480
as it begins as it begins

429
00:21:47.480 --> 00:21:51.480
let's talk about the word begin so the

430
00:21:51.480 --> 00:21:55.220
pronunciation has the it as in sit vowel

431
00:21:55.220 --> 00:21:57.440
begin begin

432
00:21:57.440 --> 00:22:00.840
but in sung English and sometimes in

433
00:22:00.840 --> 00:22:02.220
spoken English you will hear people

434
00:22:02.220 --> 00:22:04.380
change this vowel a little bit she

435
00:22:04.380 --> 00:22:05.480
doesn't say

436
00:22:05.480 --> 00:22:09.020
begin she says be

437
00:22:09.020 --> 00:22:12.020
begins

438
00:22:13.100 --> 00:22:17.159
so she says more of an e as in she vowel

439
00:22:17.159 --> 00:22:18.900
that's not what you'll see when you look

440
00:22:18.900 --> 00:22:20.880
up this word in a dictionary though it

441
00:22:20.880 --> 00:22:23.280
does happen in song and spoken English

442
00:22:23.280 --> 00:22:25.799
too but just so you know if you're

443
00:22:25.799 --> 00:22:28.020
speaking you should probably try to go

444
00:22:28.020 --> 00:22:29.900
with the eval

445
00:22:29.900 --> 00:22:31.820
begin begin

446
00:22:31.820 --> 00:22:33.960
what's really the most important thing

447
00:22:33.960 --> 00:22:35.220
about this word is that the first

448
00:22:35.220 --> 00:22:37.980
syllable is very short and the second

449
00:22:37.980 --> 00:22:40.080
syllable is longer so that we have a

450
00:22:40.080 --> 00:22:42.059
sense of the stress

451
00:22:42.059 --> 00:22:44.659
begin

452
00:22:44.700 --> 00:22:47.240
s

453
00:22:47.240 --> 00:22:52.580
my one condition is

454
00:22:54.320 --> 00:22:57.179
so we have some stress on all of these

455
00:22:57.179 --> 00:22:59.820
words one my one

456
00:22:59.820 --> 00:23:01.080
can

457
00:23:01.080 --> 00:23:02.520
condition

458
00:23:02.520 --> 00:23:05.419
is

459
00:23:14.359 --> 00:23:17.400
condition three syllable word with

460
00:23:17.400 --> 00:23:19.260
middle syllable stress so the first

461
00:23:19.260 --> 00:23:20.900
syllable is not

462
00:23:20.900 --> 00:23:23.760
cone or anything with more of a vowel we

463
00:23:23.760 --> 00:23:26.840
see the letter O but it's the schwa can

464
00:23:26.840 --> 00:23:29.820
condition so just like this word can

465
00:23:29.820 --> 00:23:31.919
which reduces to can

466
00:23:31.919 --> 00:23:35.460
this syllable also reduces to the same

467
00:23:35.460 --> 00:23:38.419
sounds condition condition

468
00:23:38.419 --> 00:23:42.240
T in the t i o n here makes the sh sound

469
00:23:42.240 --> 00:23:45.240
condition

470
00:23:46.940 --> 00:23:51.320
condition is

471
00:23:51.980 --> 00:23:55.380
okay the chorus what's what are our most

472
00:23:55.380 --> 00:23:57.960
stressed syllables in this first phrase

473
00:23:57.960 --> 00:24:00.960
say

474
00:24:08.659 --> 00:24:11.779
sale remember

475
00:24:11.779 --> 00:24:15.600
me the stressed syllables the longer

476
00:24:15.600 --> 00:24:20.820
syllables you will Yule becomes Yul Yul

477
00:24:20.820 --> 00:24:22.260
I would write that with the schwa it's

478
00:24:22.260 --> 00:24:26.840
reduced say you'll Sail

479
00:24:29.220 --> 00:24:32.299
and again this is a dark El

480
00:24:32.299 --> 00:24:34.619
you do not want to lift your tongue tip

481
00:24:34.619 --> 00:24:36.979
for this

482
00:24:37.760 --> 00:24:40.080
if you lift your tongue tip it's

483
00:24:40.080 --> 00:24:41.400
probably going to interfere with the

484
00:24:41.400 --> 00:24:44.760
dark sound you'll you'll say you'll

485
00:24:44.760 --> 00:24:48.019
say you'll remember me

486
00:24:56.100 --> 00:24:58.460
remember

487
00:24:59.180 --> 00:25:02.239
[Music]

488
00:25:03.919 --> 00:25:07.619
remember e as in bed vowel in the

489
00:25:07.619 --> 00:25:12.379
stressed syllable remember remember me

490
00:25:20.279 --> 00:25:22.380
stress

491
00:25:22.380 --> 00:25:25.859
standing in a nice dress nice the most

492
00:25:25.859 --> 00:25:29.279
stressed word there the ing ending is

493
00:25:29.279 --> 00:25:32.400
again turned into an N ending stand-in

494
00:25:32.400 --> 00:25:34.260
not standing

495
00:25:34.260 --> 00:25:36.119
standing in a

496
00:25:36.119 --> 00:25:39.720
stand and and they all link together

497
00:25:39.720 --> 00:25:42.119
really smoothly the letter a is just the

498
00:25:42.119 --> 00:25:43.140
schwa

499
00:25:43.140 --> 00:25:47.240
stand in a nice

500
00:25:47.240 --> 00:25:50.240
dress

501
00:25:52.940 --> 00:25:56.100
lots of ends in this phrase

502
00:25:56.100 --> 00:25:59.100
nice

503
00:26:04.450 --> 00:26:05.760
[Music]

504
00:26:05.760 --> 00:26:09.059
the vowel in stand is at as in bats but

505
00:26:09.059 --> 00:26:10.980
when that's followed by n like it is

506
00:26:10.980 --> 00:26:13.679
here it changes it's not pure that would

507
00:26:13.679 --> 00:26:16.980
be stand and that's not how we say it we

508
00:26:16.980 --> 00:26:20.400
say stand uh uh there's more of an uh

509
00:26:20.400 --> 00:26:22.140
vowel in the middle because the back of

510
00:26:22.140 --> 00:26:24.779
the tongue relaxes before the front of

511
00:26:24.779 --> 00:26:27.799
the tongue goes up for the N so

512
00:26:27.799 --> 00:26:33.299
dear stand and standing in a nice dress

513
00:26:33.299 --> 00:26:37.740
the letters c e here the S sound which

514
00:26:37.740 --> 00:26:40.080
goes right into the next sound the

515
00:26:40.080 --> 00:26:43.039
consonant cluster

516
00:26:48.900 --> 00:26:53.940
part now this can be pronounced Jr

517
00:26:54.260 --> 00:27:00.059
dress instead of dress duress the Jr

518
00:27:00.059 --> 00:27:02.039
sound is actually more common and that's

519
00:27:02.039 --> 00:27:04.460
what she does here nice dress

520
00:27:04.460 --> 00:27:07.460
nice dress

521
00:27:07.460 --> 00:27:11.240
instead of dead

522
00:27:11.779 --> 00:27:16.820
nice dress a nice dress

523
00:27:18.320 --> 00:27:23.720
staring at the sunset okay again the ing

524
00:27:23.720 --> 00:27:27.720
ending is turned into an in ending

525
00:27:27.720 --> 00:27:28.980
starring

526
00:27:28.980 --> 00:27:31.679
starring now we have at is that

527
00:27:31.679 --> 00:27:33.659
pronounced with a full vowel or is the

528
00:27:33.659 --> 00:27:36.679
vowel reduced

529
00:27:43.460 --> 00:27:47.600
she does fully pronounce it staring Nat

530
00:27:47.600 --> 00:27:50.340
at the that is a stop T though because

531
00:27:50.340 --> 00:27:52.279
the next word begins with a consonant

532
00:27:52.279 --> 00:27:56.659
staring at the sunset

533
00:28:01.740 --> 00:28:04.320
Sunset is a compound word and in

534
00:28:04.320 --> 00:28:06.720
compound words it's the first word

535
00:28:06.720 --> 00:28:08.960
that's stressed so in this case sun

536
00:28:08.960 --> 00:28:12.059
sunset okay we have another ending T

537
00:28:12.059 --> 00:28:13.859
here what do you think are we going to

538
00:28:13.859 --> 00:28:15.299
hear a

539
00:28:15.299 --> 00:28:19.559
released tea sunset

540
00:28:22.679 --> 00:28:25.440
no we did not hear a release T that was

541
00:28:25.440 --> 00:28:29.398
a stop T Sunset babe so the next word

542
00:28:29.398 --> 00:28:32.279
begins with a consonant also this the

543
00:28:32.279 --> 00:28:35.700
rule is if the t is at the end of a

544
00:28:35.700 --> 00:28:38.640
thought group then it will also be a

545
00:28:38.640 --> 00:28:40.980
stop T now an exception to this would be

546
00:28:40.980 --> 00:28:42.480
if it's in a cluster like in the word

547
00:28:42.480 --> 00:28:45.779
connect then in clusters it's often

548
00:28:45.779 --> 00:28:47.640
pronounced but when it's not in a

549
00:28:47.640 --> 00:28:49.440
cluster like here and it's at the end of

550
00:28:49.440 --> 00:28:52.140
a sentence end of a thought group very

551
00:28:52.140 --> 00:28:54.299
common to make that a stop t

552
00:28:54.299 --> 00:28:58.220
sung English and spoken English

553
00:29:02.790 --> 00:29:04.260
[Music]

554
00:29:04.260 --> 00:29:08.520
red lips and rosy cheeks are descriptor

555
00:29:08.520 --> 00:29:11.039
words are a little bit more stress red

556
00:29:11.039 --> 00:29:14.399
lips and rosy cheeks a little bit of

557
00:29:14.399 --> 00:29:16.460
length on cheeks as well the word and

558
00:29:16.460 --> 00:29:21.000
reduced D is dropped and and

559
00:29:21.000 --> 00:29:23.279
red lips and Rosy

560
00:29:23.279 --> 00:29:25.880
and and

561
00:29:25.880 --> 00:29:31.660
[Music]

562
00:29:32.360 --> 00:29:35.940
red lips so the D sound is not released

563
00:29:35.940 --> 00:29:39.840
it's not red lips red lips but it's red

564
00:29:39.840 --> 00:29:42.720
lips so the tongue goes up the D sound

565
00:29:42.720 --> 00:29:46.620
is made with the vocal cords red

566
00:29:46.620 --> 00:29:49.320
but then rather than releasing air she

567
00:29:49.320 --> 00:29:51.480
just goes right into the next sound the

568
00:29:51.480 --> 00:29:53.880
L consonant this is true of spoken

569
00:29:53.880 --> 00:29:56.640
English too if the D is followed by a

570
00:29:56.640 --> 00:29:58.500
word that begins the consonant it's not

571
00:29:58.500 --> 00:30:02.100
red lips it's not released like that red

572
00:30:02.100 --> 00:30:05.039
lips red lips there's just a really

573
00:30:05.039 --> 00:30:08.960
subtle D sound before the next word

574
00:30:11.899 --> 00:30:16.260
the letter s in Rosie is a z sound Rosy

575
00:30:16.260 --> 00:30:17.240
Cheeks

576
00:30:17.240 --> 00:30:19.500
Rosy Cheeks

577
00:30:19.500 --> 00:30:25.580
[Music]

578
00:30:25.580 --> 00:30:28.740
say you'll see me again

579
00:30:28.740 --> 00:30:30.779
okay now here's the first time she does

580
00:30:30.779 --> 00:30:33.659
something that's really different than

581
00:30:33.659 --> 00:30:35.279
spoken English

582
00:30:35.279 --> 00:30:37.559
so we have

583
00:30:37.559 --> 00:30:42.360
say you'll see me again and that is not

584
00:30:42.360 --> 00:30:44.100
the way that we would stress that word

585
00:30:44.100 --> 00:30:46.200
she's just doing that for effect in her

586
00:30:46.200 --> 00:30:49.860
song it's not again it's again it's

587
00:30:49.860 --> 00:30:52.200
again with second syllable stress the

588
00:30:52.200 --> 00:30:54.840
first syllable is just a very fast schwa

589
00:30:54.840 --> 00:30:58.559
in spoken English again again

590
00:30:58.559 --> 00:31:01.820
sales see me again

591
00:31:07.679 --> 00:31:09.299
changes the vowel she makes it more like

592
00:31:09.299 --> 00:31:13.919
ah ah again ah but in spoken English

593
00:31:13.919 --> 00:31:16.819
it's the schwa

594
00:31:20.880 --> 00:31:23.399
you'll see me you'll see me again don't

595
00:31:23.399 --> 00:31:25.260
need to lift the tongue tip here this is

596
00:31:25.260 --> 00:31:29.659
a dark L it's not Yule it's yo yo

597
00:31:29.659 --> 00:31:33.799
reduced you'll you'll

598
00:31:39.539 --> 00:31:42.480
if it's just in your

599
00:31:42.480 --> 00:31:46.440
even stress there even if it's

600
00:31:46.440 --> 00:31:52.200
just in your and then held out building

601
00:31:52.200 --> 00:31:54.000
up to

602
00:31:54.000 --> 00:31:57.320
the title of the song

603
00:32:05.519 --> 00:32:07.620
it's just so the stress here is the same

604
00:32:07.620 --> 00:32:08.940
as it would be in spoken English

605
00:32:08.940 --> 00:32:11.640
stressed on the stressed vowel e then we

606
00:32:11.640 --> 00:32:13.940
have three unstressed syllables in a row

607
00:32:13.940 --> 00:32:18.480
vinifits benefits even if it's Justin

608
00:32:18.480 --> 00:32:21.960
now the T in just is not dropped it's

609
00:32:21.960 --> 00:32:24.299
part of a cluster but the reason why

610
00:32:24.299 --> 00:32:25.679
it's not dropped is because the next

611
00:32:25.679 --> 00:32:28.440
word begins with a vowel if the next

612
00:32:28.440 --> 00:32:31.140
word began with a consonant like in the

613
00:32:31.140 --> 00:32:33.899
phrase Just My just My just My then we

614
00:32:33.899 --> 00:32:35.880
drop that t because it comes between two

615
00:32:35.880 --> 00:32:38.700
consonants but in the word just when the

616
00:32:38.700 --> 00:32:40.620
next word begins the vowel or diphthong

617
00:32:40.620 --> 00:32:44.220
you probably will hear that t Justin

618
00:32:44.220 --> 00:32:46.820
Justin

619
00:32:52.220 --> 00:32:55.940
and your is not reduced

620
00:32:55.940 --> 00:32:59.340
your now normally in spoken English we

621
00:32:59.340 --> 00:33:00.960
wouldn't stress that so much we would

622
00:33:00.960 --> 00:33:03.240
just go right into the next phrase the

623
00:33:03.240 --> 00:33:04.320
next word

624
00:33:04.320 --> 00:33:06.720
your is a function word it's not that

625
00:33:06.720 --> 00:33:09.779
important just in your wildest dreams

626
00:33:09.779 --> 00:33:12.240
Justin you're just in your your your

627
00:33:12.240 --> 00:33:15.000
your your wildest dreams but for the

628
00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:17.340
song this word is building up to the

629
00:33:17.340 --> 00:33:19.799
next thing it is not reduced it is fully

630
00:33:19.799 --> 00:33:23.299
pronounced it is longer

631
00:33:24.690 --> 00:33:33.750
[Music]

632
00:33:35.659 --> 00:33:38.360
then we have the title of the song

633
00:33:38.360 --> 00:33:41.700
wildest dreams and I love how the music

634
00:33:41.700 --> 00:33:44.820
matches the music of spoken English so

635
00:33:44.820 --> 00:33:47.399
the stress syllable in wildest is the

636
00:33:47.399 --> 00:33:49.080
first syllable and that one is so much

637
00:33:49.080 --> 00:33:50.539
longer

638
00:33:50.539 --> 00:33:54.659
wildest dreams so the syllables are not

639
00:33:54.659 --> 00:33:57.299
of equal equal length and this is true

640
00:33:57.299 --> 00:33:59.760
in spoken English as well and maybe we

641
00:33:59.760 --> 00:34:01.740
hear it even better in sung English

642
00:34:01.740 --> 00:34:04.200
because the stressed syllables can be

643
00:34:04.200 --> 00:34:07.310
even longer like it is here

644
00:34:07.310 --> 00:34:16.460
[Music]

645
00:34:16.460 --> 00:34:21.540
wildest long short wildest the L here

646
00:34:21.540 --> 00:34:25.320
also again a dark L because it comes

647
00:34:25.320 --> 00:34:29.040
after the vowel in the syllable so the

648
00:34:29.040 --> 00:34:32.399
vowel in this case a diphthong the I as

649
00:34:32.399 --> 00:34:34.460
in by

650
00:34:34.460 --> 00:34:36.320
while

651
00:34:36.320 --> 00:34:39.060
that is the dark sound that is not made

652
00:34:39.060 --> 00:34:40.560
with the tongue tip up that's different

653
00:34:40.560 --> 00:34:42.500
that's

654
00:34:42.500 --> 00:34:45.800
this is

655
00:34:46.399 --> 00:34:48.960
wildest so your tongue tip stays down

656
00:34:48.960 --> 00:34:52.179
until you need it to go up for the D

657
00:34:52.179 --> 00:34:56.480
[Music]

658
00:34:56.480 --> 00:35:01.680
now to sing the dark l sound oh it's not

659
00:35:01.680 --> 00:35:03.300
a sound to hold out it's not a

660
00:35:03.300 --> 00:35:04.859
particularly pretty sound when we

661
00:35:04.859 --> 00:35:08.599
isolate it so you wouldn't say

662
00:35:08.599 --> 00:35:11.400
wildest you wouldn't hold that out you

663
00:35:11.400 --> 00:35:13.619
would put it in at the very end you

664
00:35:13.619 --> 00:35:16.200
would put your length of the syllable in

665
00:35:16.200 --> 00:35:20.339
the diphthong or the vowel why and I

666
00:35:20.339 --> 00:35:21.960
don't even really hear much of the dark

667
00:35:21.960 --> 00:35:23.880
sound she sort of Skips that a little

668
00:35:23.880 --> 00:35:27.780
bit wildest very subtle and quick at the

669
00:35:27.780 --> 00:35:30.800
end but it's certainly not

670
00:35:30.800 --> 00:35:33.580
wildest

671
00:35:33.580 --> 00:35:37.640
[Music]

672
00:35:37.640 --> 00:35:43.640
now what about the T in wildest bye

673
00:35:43.640 --> 00:35:46.090
streams

674
00:35:46.090 --> 00:35:50.218
[Music]

675
00:35:50.540 --> 00:35:54.060
it's part of an ending St cluster now up

676
00:35:54.060 --> 00:35:56.760
here with just we said when that cluster

677
00:35:56.760 --> 00:35:58.320
is followed by a word that begins with

678
00:35:58.320 --> 00:36:00.780
the vowel or diphthong you say the T if

679
00:36:00.780 --> 00:36:02.880
it's followed by a word that begins with

680
00:36:02.880 --> 00:36:05.640
a consonant or in this case a consonant

681
00:36:05.640 --> 00:36:07.920
cluster you drop the T and that's

682
00:36:07.920 --> 00:36:10.140
exactly what she does this is true in

683
00:36:10.140 --> 00:36:12.119
spoken English too and again remember

684
00:36:12.119 --> 00:36:16.500
the Dr cluster can be Jr dreams dreams

685
00:36:16.500 --> 00:36:20.579
rather than dreams dreams dreams dreams

686
00:36:20.579 --> 00:36:23.219
dreams dreams a light J sound I think

687
00:36:23.219 --> 00:36:24.780
that's what she does I think it's a

688
00:36:24.780 --> 00:36:27.480
little bit easier wildest dreams

689
00:36:27.480 --> 00:36:28.570
foreign

690
00:36:28.570 --> 00:36:38.959
[Music]

691
00:36:39.200 --> 00:36:42.000
than just a vowel expression we hear

692
00:36:42.000 --> 00:36:45.259
that a lot in music

693
00:36:45.480 --> 00:36:47.660
Etc

694
00:36:49.010 --> 00:36:53.099
[Music]

695
00:36:53.099 --> 00:36:55.680
and then again on the repeat of Wildest

696
00:36:55.680 --> 00:36:58.500
Dreams T is dropped words linked

697
00:36:58.500 --> 00:37:01.800
together with the S the Jr cluster

698
00:37:01.800 --> 00:37:05.500
dreams just like the first time

699
00:37:05.500 --> 00:37:08.769
[Music]

700
00:37:09.859 --> 00:37:13.700
wildest dreams

701
00:37:14.110 --> 00:37:16.520
[Music]

702
00:37:16.520 --> 00:37:19.200
okay so this is a pretty long video we

703
00:37:19.200 --> 00:37:21.180
did the first verse and we did the

704
00:37:21.180 --> 00:37:22.140
chorus

705
00:37:22.140 --> 00:37:24.480
just like when I do a scene from a movie

706
00:37:24.480 --> 00:37:26.940
I don't do the whole movie I don't think

707
00:37:26.940 --> 00:37:28.980
I'm going to do the whole analysis here

708
00:37:28.980 --> 00:37:31.859
because that could end up being a two

709
00:37:31.859 --> 00:37:34.739
hour long video so we'll stop here but I

710
00:37:34.739 --> 00:37:36.719
want to challenge you if you enjoy this

711
00:37:36.719 --> 00:37:38.520
and you want to know the rest of the

712
00:37:38.520 --> 00:37:42.300
song you can do your own analysis here's

713
00:37:42.300 --> 00:37:45.000
what you should do download the song buy

714
00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:48.480
it somewhere open it in a program that

715
00:37:48.480 --> 00:37:50.880
allows you to look at the details of the

716
00:37:50.880 --> 00:37:52.560
song like the volume

717
00:37:52.560 --> 00:37:55.260
I use audacity for this and this allows

718
00:37:55.260 --> 00:37:57.420
you to go to different places in the

719
00:37:57.420 --> 00:38:00.800
song play them over and over

720
00:38:03.780 --> 00:38:05.339
and that kind of thing

721
00:38:05.339 --> 00:38:07.320
when you listen to something on a loop

722
00:38:07.320 --> 00:38:09.839
like that it helps you identify what

723
00:38:09.839 --> 00:38:11.460
exactly is happening and it helps you

724
00:38:11.460 --> 00:38:14.219
focus in on the details and then you can

725
00:38:14.219 --> 00:38:17.520
write your own Ben Franklin analysis of

726
00:38:17.520 --> 00:38:19.619
what you hear happening the stress put

727
00:38:19.619 --> 00:38:21.380
your curve up and down for the stress

728
00:38:21.380 --> 00:38:24.540
dropped sounds reductions pay attention

729
00:38:24.540 --> 00:38:26.940
write them down you know a lot you can

730
00:38:26.940 --> 00:38:29.640
do this here's an idea if you do one

731
00:38:29.640 --> 00:38:32.280
take a picture of one of your pages of

732
00:38:32.280 --> 00:38:35.400
your analysis post it to Instagram and

733
00:38:35.400 --> 00:38:38.280
use hashtag Rachel's English so I can

734
00:38:38.280 --> 00:38:40.320
check it out now the important question

735
00:38:40.320 --> 00:38:42.900
what song would you like to be the next

736
00:38:42.900 --> 00:38:45.420
analysis song put it in the comments

737
00:38:45.420 --> 00:38:47.160
below but if someone has already put

738
00:38:47.160 --> 00:38:49.079
your song then just like that comment

739
00:38:49.079 --> 00:38:51.780
the one with the most likes lets me most

740
00:38:51.780 --> 00:38:55.020
easily see the most popular request

741
00:38:55.020 --> 00:38:57.180
working on this video is making me think

742
00:38:57.180 --> 00:39:00.000
about the melody of English how we speak

743
00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:02.400
but it's almost like a song and it's a

744
00:39:02.400 --> 00:39:03.900
reminding me of a video I made a long

745
00:39:03.900 --> 00:39:05.880
time ago where I talked about the shape

746
00:39:05.880 --> 00:39:08.880
the vocal shape The Melody of a stressed

747
00:39:08.880 --> 00:39:10.500
syllable I want to make sure you see

748
00:39:10.500 --> 00:39:12.119
that if you haven't already so you can

749
00:39:12.119 --> 00:39:14.280
click on it right here also please

750
00:39:14.280 --> 00:39:16.320
subscribe with notifications if you

751
00:39:16.320 --> 00:39:18.180
haven't already I make a new video every

752
00:39:18.180 --> 00:39:20.040
Tuesday and I'd love to have you join me

753
00:39:20.040 --> 00:39:23.099
every week that's it guys and thanks so

754
00:39:23.099 --> 00:39:26.900
much for using Rachel's English