WEBVTT FILE

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in today's lesson we are going to look

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at

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inversion

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I've gotten a lot of requests for this

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topic

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this is an advanced grammar lesson but

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I'm going to go through everything step

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by step

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first what does inversion mean

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that's really important

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two

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inversion with adverbials

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and inversion with conditionals

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get ready to take notes and at the end

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of this lesson leave me an example in

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the comments down below my name is Arnel

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let's start

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first things first what does inversion

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mean

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if you want to understand today's

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grammar you need to understand its name

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let's start with an image here is my

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blog

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this looks pretty standard right

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well let's invert the colors

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okay now you can see we have white

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letters on a black screen

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instead of the standard black letters on

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a white screen

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if we invert something we change its

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normal order just like my blog here

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invert is the verb inversion is the noun

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today's lesson is about the inversion of

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word order

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normally sentences look like this I am

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tall subject verb we bought a new car

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subject verb or we can look at a more

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complex sentence

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Oscar was eager to impress a soccer

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coach because he wanted to be the Star

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Striker for his team

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subject verb subject verb it's clear you

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need your subject before your verb

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but when when can you have a verb before

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a subject

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any questions right

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are you tall

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did you buy a new car

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was Oscar eager to impress his coach

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we can see the verb comes before the

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subject

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sometimes you need an auxiliary verb

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with your main verb

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but there are situations where you can

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invert the subject and the verb when

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it's not a question this is where the

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grammar becomes a little bit more

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advanced

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if you want to invert a sentence not a

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question you need to start with an

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adverbial

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what's an adverbial

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let's take a look at a list I made for

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you

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here we go an adverbial can be a single

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adverb like rarely or seldom or a mini

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group like only then

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I have divided these adverbials into

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seven many groups

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I know this looks like a lot of

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information but these are all very

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similar

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one all of these begin an inverted

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sentence

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all of these need the same grammatical

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structure

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group number seven is a bit of an

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exception but this isn't English without

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exceptions

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and lastly these are all negative

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adverbials you can see no

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you can see not

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or other adverbials that give you that

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negative or restrictive feeling

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yep we're going to look at each group

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one at a time

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group number one

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rarely you know what rarely means I have

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never

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always

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sometimes rarely is about

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there

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rarely do I see people reading

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newspapers

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let's look at that structure

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adverbial

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auxiliary verb

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subject main verb

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you can see my inversion there

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so when we invert sentences you need to

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remember three things

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you're adverbial

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check

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the grammatical structure

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check

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and think about the tense you want to

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use

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here I'm using present simple

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tense check

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is it possible to say I rarely see

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people reading newspapers can I just use

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the standard word order

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of course you can so

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what's the difference

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an inversion is used to make our

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sentences more

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emphatic

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this means we want the listener and

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reader to really feel our emotions

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because we think something is

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interesting

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surprising or shocking

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about it like this

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and inversion is like an exclamation

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point

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it's a youthful way to show emotion

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look out

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here the exclamation point works

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excuse me what time is it 9 45

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hmm see here it doesn't work

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inversion Works in a similar way you

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only need it to emphasize what you are

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saying or writing

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so in my second sentence this is just a

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regular observation

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in my first sentence I'm really

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emphasizing this because in my

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conversation or in the text it's

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important

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I'll go into more detail about why we

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use inversion later on

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instead of rarely I can use seldom

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seldom do I see people reading

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newspapers

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I seldom see people reading newspapers

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yes many times your adverbial can begin

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an inverted sentence and be part of a

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standard sentence but in today's lesson

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we're just looking at those inverted

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structures

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group

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number two

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at no time this means not one single

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time never

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my best friend Jessica and I went on a

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road trip we used my car and I did all

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of the driving

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at no time did she offer to pay for gas

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I'm a little bit angry I need that

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inversion

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adverbial

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auxiliary verb subject main verb I

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choose a past simple I'm thinking about

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my tense because I'm talking about a

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past story

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I can also use not once

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the ones that you offer to pay for gas

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okay we've already looked at four

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adverbials rarely sell them at no time

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not once these are called negative

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adverbials but the situation doesn't

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have to be negative

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for example

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not once have I had an issue with one of

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my neighbors

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that's a positive thing right

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group three group three is a little bit

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special you need to remember two parts

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no sooner than hardly when scarcely when

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barely when these adverbials mean one

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action happens and another action

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happens

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immediately after it

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no sooner had I left my house

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then it started to rain

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normally when we use

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um the adverbials in group three we use

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a combination of the past perfect tense

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and past simple

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hardly had the students start their exam

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when the fire alarm went off

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scarcely had the villagers fled when the

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Invaders arrived good timing

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barely had we pitched our tent

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when a gust of wind blew it over

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group number four we're really getting

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through these

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on no account

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one must never do this it doesn't matter

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what the situation is

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on no account must you show anyone this

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letter

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never do this

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I told Jerry that on no account will I

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speak to Sandra I will never speak to

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her

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you can also say under no circumstances

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under no circumstances must you show

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anyone this letter

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I told Jerry that under no circumstances

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will I talk to Sandra

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and you can see in my second example my

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adverbial doesn't begin the sentence but

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it does begin a new Clause that's okay

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group number five

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well this isn't really a group this is

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just one but let's call it group number

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five

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not only but

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I think a lot of you might already know

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this one because it's really common

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this means in addition to

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not only does Mara speak English and

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Italian but she's also learning Arabic

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hmm

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group number six

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students must not skip modules they need

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to complete each module only then will

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the next module be unlocked only at that

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time

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hmm double auxiliary verb will be

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unlocked this is future simple passive

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the passive voice

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I always thought my ex-colleague Kara

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was a nice person she was always helping

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me with my work and even completed a lot

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of tasks for me

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only later did I find out that she was

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in fact stealing a lot of my ideas and

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data

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lemons are usually associated as being a

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summer fruit

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but only in Winter do most lemon trees

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bear fruit

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bear is an alternative way of saying

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produce

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okay I hope you're starting to get a

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good feeling about inversion I also hope

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you're not watching my lesson like

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this

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I know grammar is not the most

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interesting topic in the world but we

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need to keep going there's a lot more to

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cover

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it's important to remember that not all

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adverbials begin an inverted sentence

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you know only then only later only in

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those work but if I begin a sentence

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with just only it doesn't work

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only my mom can make chocolate chip

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cookies the way I like them here I can't

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invert this sentence

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so the adverbials you need are very

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specific

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to the list in today's lesson

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let's move on to the test and I haven't

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forgotten about group number seven we'll

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do the exceptions

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later

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it's time I have a standard sentence

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I couldn't find a public bathroom

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anywhere

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how can you change this into an inverted

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sentence using the adverbial I give you

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you need to use the adverbial

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think of that grammatical structure and

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think of the tense you need the tense is

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easy you just copy the tens that's in

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the standard sentence

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so we form

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nowhere could I find a public bathroom

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I don't need to repeat anywhere because

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I already have nowhere

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and I don't want a double negative so I

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wouldn't say nowhere couldn't I find a

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public bathroom

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your turn and I will say number six

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might be a little bit confusing but give

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it a try pause the video to do this

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okay here are the answers take a look

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number six you can see in number six

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there are two auxiliary verbs

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why because I'm using the present

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perfect continuous tense

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if that happens you need to put your

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subject between the two auxiliary verbs

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group number seven last one exceptions

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I want you to pause this video and take

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a look why are these considered

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exceptions hmm

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right you can see we have my adverbial

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but here after these adverbials we have

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the standard word order subject then

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verb the inversion happens later on

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you need to remember that for this

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little group

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here

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how can you remember that

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practice write some of your own example

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sentences leave me a comment down below

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let's continue with exceptions here I

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have the questions from the start of

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this lesson are you tall did you buy a

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new car was Oscar eager to impress his

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coach

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you can see that only in sentence two is

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there an auxiliary verb

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why because if B is your main verb it's

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the only verb you need

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never was it so cold

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B is my main verb I don't need that

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standard inverted structure with the

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auxiliary verb subject main verb

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and remember about 20 seconds ago I said

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you can see that only in sentence two is

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there an auxiliary verb

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B is the only verb it's my main verb I

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don't need that auxiliary main verb

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and remember at the start of this lesson

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I said I'll go into more detail about

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why we use inversion later on right so

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we already know inverted sentences are

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more emphatic but they are also usually

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more formal

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many times you will only see inversion

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in literary contexts it can sound very

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hmm poetic I want to show you what I

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mean

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here is a mini clip from one of the Lord

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of the Rings movies

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in it you will see three examples of

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inversion

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you don't need to understand everything

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that's happening in the scene I just

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want to show you the feeling inversion

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can give let's take a look

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late

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is the hour in which this kundra chooses

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to appear sentence one and a conjurer is

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like a wizard

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let's skip ahead let's keep going

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[Music]

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example two

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let's keep going

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[Music]

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a very formal very poetic in this mini

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clip there are three inverted sentences

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does that sound natural to you

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no my whole point is you don't want to

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start over using inversion to make your

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speaking and writing more advanced again

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inversion is like the exclamation point

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when you need it you need it

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but if you use it too often or when you

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use it when it's not necessary

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it can sound

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out of place

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last thing for today inversion with

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conditionals

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we are going to look at the first second

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and third conditional if you are not

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familiar with conditionals you can

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always watch my video Lesson on this

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topic

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so in today's lesson I'm only going to

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focus on how and why we invert

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conditionals I'm not going to explain

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the conditionals themselves

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let's begin with the first conditional

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if you choose to accept the job position

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you will need to move to New York

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if you don't pay by the ninth you will

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lose your reservation

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if you want to invert the first

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conditional start with should

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subject

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bear infinitive

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should you choose to accept the job

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position you will need to move to New

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York

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should you not pay by the ninth you will

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lose your reservation

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why do we do this again inversion is

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usually more formal so here we're being

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more formal I am slightly more polite

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notice in my second sentence the

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negative I separate should and not you

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need to do that you can't put them

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together

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shouldn't you pay by the ninth

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second conditional

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if I had better Vision I wouldn't need

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to wear glasses

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00:19:38.640 --> 00:19:40.919
if you didn't spend so much money on

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shoes you would have more savings

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00:19:44.520 --> 00:19:47.940
we begin with were were

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subject infinitive plus two

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00:19:52.080 --> 00:19:54.539
were I to have better Vision I wouldn't

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00:19:54.539 --> 00:19:55.919
need glasses

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what were I I were is that correct

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yeah it's a odd exception English with

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the second conditional you can use were

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with any subject

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were you not to spend so much money on

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shoes you would have more savings

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again we're not separated

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if I were a foot taller I would be able

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00:20:19.200 --> 00:20:22.820
to join my school's basketball team

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00:20:22.820 --> 00:20:26.400
why were I a foot taller I would be able

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00:20:26.400 --> 00:20:28.740
to join my school's basketball team

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B is my main verb it's the only verb I

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need

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third conditional

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if I had known about Paul's serious

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medical condition I wouldn't have

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00:20:42.659 --> 00:20:45.960
complained about my little cold

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00:20:45.960 --> 00:20:48.179
if I hadn't brought a power bank with me

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00:20:48.179 --> 00:20:51.600
my phone would have died

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conditional number three is um pretty

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00:20:54.419 --> 00:20:58.020
simple you just replace if with had

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00:20:58.020 --> 00:21:00.600
had I known about Paul Sears medical

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00:21:00.600 --> 00:21:02.520
condition

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00:21:02.520 --> 00:21:04.440
had I not

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00:21:04.440 --> 00:21:08.360
brought a power bank with me

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00:21:10.679 --> 00:21:14.820
that is everything yes there are other

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00:21:14.820 --> 00:21:16.980
structures we can invert but now you

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00:21:16.980 --> 00:21:19.260
know how to spot them and why they're

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00:21:19.260 --> 00:21:20.940
used

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00:21:20.940 --> 00:21:22.679
give me an example sent us down below

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00:21:22.679 --> 00:21:25.140
check out my blog and I can't wait to

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make another lesson for you I hope this

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one helped you

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see you next time