WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:00.500 --> 00:00:04.860 there are 12 tenses in English 2 00:00:04.860 --> 00:00:07.560 in today's lesson we are going to learn 3 00:00:07.560 --> 00:00:10.800 and compare all of these 4 00:00:10.800 --> 00:00:13.259 at the end of this lesson at the end of 5 00:00:13.259 --> 00:00:16.680 this Mega lesson I have two tests for 6 00:00:16.680 --> 00:00:17.640 you 7 00:00:17.640 --> 00:00:20.460 yes two 8 00:00:20.460 --> 00:00:24.840 my name's Arnel are you ready 9 00:00:24.840 --> 00:00:28.320 let's start with a general overview 10 00:00:28.320 --> 00:00:32.220 there are three periods the present 11 00:00:32.220 --> 00:00:36.840 the past and the future 12 00:00:36.840 --> 00:00:38.520 simple 13 00:00:38.520 --> 00:00:40.800 continuous 14 00:00:40.800 --> 00:00:42.860 perfect 15 00:00:42.860 --> 00:00:45.600 continuous you can see that the names 16 00:00:45.600 --> 00:00:48.479 are the same for each group 17 00:00:48.479 --> 00:00:52.500 that makes things a little easier 18 00:00:52.500 --> 00:00:55.320 each tense has its own unique 19 00:00:55.320 --> 00:00:57.379 grammatical structure 20 00:00:57.379 --> 00:01:01.379 simple continuous 21 00:01:01.440 --> 00:01:03.840 perfect 22 00:01:03.840 --> 00:01:07.560 perfect continuous if this looks 23 00:01:07.560 --> 00:01:10.500 confusing don't worry I will go through 24 00:01:10.500 --> 00:01:14.100 all of these step by step and you can 25 00:01:14.100 --> 00:01:17.520 also use the time stamps down below 26 00:01:17.520 --> 00:01:20.040 to help you choose the parts you want to 27 00:01:20.040 --> 00:01:22.520 focus on 28 00:01:23.580 --> 00:01:25.560 first we are going to look at the simple 29 00:01:25.560 --> 00:01:29.159 tenses then the continuous tenses then 30 00:01:29.159 --> 00:01:31.920 the perfect tenses then the perfect 31 00:01:31.920 --> 00:01:34.040 continuous tenses 32 00:01:34.040 --> 00:01:37.500 why because if you learn these groups 33 00:01:37.500 --> 00:01:40.140 together you can compare them 34 00:01:40.140 --> 00:01:42.900 comparing them can show you how similar 35 00:01:42.900 --> 00:01:46.140 they are which makes them easier to 36 00:01:46.140 --> 00:01:47.640 learn 37 00:01:47.640 --> 00:01:51.060 and the groups become more challenging 38 00:01:51.060 --> 00:01:54.600 as we continue so if we build a really 39 00:01:54.600 --> 00:01:57.780 strong foundation with the simple tenses 40 00:01:57.780 --> 00:02:01.140 the more complex tenses are easier to 41 00:02:01.140 --> 00:02:02.000 learn 42 00:02:02.000 --> 00:02:04.799 for example if you really want to 43 00:02:04.799 --> 00:02:07.140 understand the present perfect 44 00:02:07.140 --> 00:02:09.179 first you need to understand the present 45 00:02:09.179 --> 00:02:10.979 simple and 46 00:02:10.979 --> 00:02:13.940 the past simple 47 00:02:14.030 --> 00:02:16.139 [Music] 48 00:02:16.139 --> 00:02:18.419 first let's start with the grammatical 49 00:02:18.419 --> 00:02:20.040 structures 50 00:02:20.040 --> 00:02:22.020 present simple 51 00:02:22.020 --> 00:02:26.539 past simple future simple 52 00:02:26.780 --> 00:02:31.139 subject plus the bare infinitive the 53 00:02:31.139 --> 00:02:33.060 base verb 54 00:02:33.060 --> 00:02:35.819 remember the bear infinitive is verb 55 00:02:35.819 --> 00:02:37.620 number one 56 00:02:37.620 --> 00:02:40.940 for example 57 00:02:41.480 --> 00:02:44.819 e is verb number one 58 00:02:44.819 --> 00:02:48.120 remember for he she or it you need to 59 00:02:48.120 --> 00:02:52.440 add s or e s to your verb 60 00:02:52.440 --> 00:02:55.500 if I choose a different verb watch again 61 00:02:55.500 --> 00:02:58.319 for that third person you need to add s 62 00:02:58.319 --> 00:03:03.000 or e s in this case he she or it watches 63 00:03:03.000 --> 00:03:06.620 keep that in mind 64 00:03:08.700 --> 00:03:12.720 I wake up at 6am every day 65 00:03:12.720 --> 00:03:16.500 the negative I do not I do not wake up 66 00:03:16.500 --> 00:03:19.980 at 6am every morning 67 00:03:19.980 --> 00:03:23.580 question do you do you wake up at 6 00 68 00:03:23.580 --> 00:03:26.480 a.m every morning 69 00:03:27.000 --> 00:03:28.800 past simple 70 00:03:28.800 --> 00:03:32.819 subject plus the past simple verb the 71 00:03:32.819 --> 00:03:36.780 past simple verb is verb number two 72 00:03:36.780 --> 00:03:39.260 again 73 00:03:40.220 --> 00:03:43.739 verb number two eight and you can see 74 00:03:43.739 --> 00:03:46.920 it's the same for all subjects 75 00:03:46.920 --> 00:03:50.599 it makes it past simple easy 76 00:03:51.000 --> 00:03:55.620 I woke up at 6am every morning negative 77 00:03:55.620 --> 00:04:00.959 I did not wake up at 6am every day 78 00:04:00.959 --> 00:04:04.379 question did you did you wake up at six 79 00:04:04.379 --> 00:04:07.279 am every day 80 00:04:08.099 --> 00:04:09.420 future 81 00:04:09.420 --> 00:04:13.560 subject will plus base verb we already 82 00:04:13.560 --> 00:04:16.919 looked at the base verb the good news is 83 00:04:16.919 --> 00:04:20.040 we use will plus base verb with all 84 00:04:20.040 --> 00:04:24.240 subjects that makes things easy 85 00:04:24.240 --> 00:04:27.300 I will wake up at 6am 86 00:04:27.300 --> 00:04:30.079 every morning 87 00:04:30.180 --> 00:04:34.680 I will not wake up at 6am every morning 88 00:04:34.680 --> 00:04:37.800 will you will you wake up at 6am every 89 00:04:37.800 --> 00:04:39.120 morning 90 00:04:39.120 --> 00:04:41.940 and it's really important to remember B 91 00:04:41.940 --> 00:04:44.880 is an exception B is the most common 92 00:04:44.880 --> 00:04:47.160 verb in English so let's take a look at 93 00:04:47.160 --> 00:04:49.500 a mini reminder 94 00:04:49.500 --> 00:04:51.660 be in the present 95 00:04:51.660 --> 00:04:57.660 I am you are he she it is we are they 96 00:04:57.660 --> 00:04:58.740 are 97 00:04:58.740 --> 00:05:01.800 be in the past 98 00:05:01.800 --> 00:05:06.900 I was you were he she it was we were 99 00:05:06.900 --> 00:05:08.279 they were 100 00:05:08.279 --> 00:05:12.180 and in the future it's the same I will 101 00:05:12.180 --> 00:05:15.000 be you will be 102 00:05:15.000 --> 00:05:16.860 Etc 103 00:05:16.860 --> 00:05:19.020 so the grammatical structures for the 104 00:05:19.020 --> 00:05:22.380 simple tenses are pretty simple and of 105 00:05:22.380 --> 00:05:24.360 course in this lesson I will keep all 106 00:05:24.360 --> 00:05:27.120 the structures highlighted for you 107 00:05:27.120 --> 00:05:29.160 let's look at these tenses 108 00:05:29.160 --> 00:05:32.160 on a timeline 109 00:05:32.160 --> 00:05:34.800 we use a simple tenses for 110 00:05:34.800 --> 00:05:36.479 habits 111 00:05:36.479 --> 00:05:38.400 repeated actions 112 00:05:38.400 --> 00:05:41.460 and for things that are always true like 113 00:05:41.460 --> 00:05:43.680 facts 114 00:05:43.680 --> 00:05:46.259 do habits change often 115 00:05:46.259 --> 00:05:50.520 no do repeated actions change often 116 00:05:50.520 --> 00:05:54.180 not really do facts change often 117 00:05:54.180 --> 00:05:56.759 no a fact is a fact 118 00:05:56.759 --> 00:06:00.360 look at my timelines the actions are the 119 00:06:00.360 --> 00:06:02.639 same but they are either in the present 120 00:06:02.639 --> 00:06:05.639 the past or the future 121 00:06:05.639 --> 00:06:08.400 now in the present I wake up at 6am 122 00:06:08.400 --> 00:06:09.779 every day 123 00:06:09.779 --> 00:06:12.900 this is no for me 124 00:06:12.900 --> 00:06:17.100 I woke up at 6am every day it was normal 125 00:06:17.100 --> 00:06:19.020 for me 126 00:06:19.020 --> 00:06:24.360 future I will wake up at 6am every day 127 00:06:24.360 --> 00:06:27.479 do we need to give a specific time with 128 00:06:27.479 --> 00:06:30.300 the simple tenses 129 00:06:30.300 --> 00:06:32.400 with the present simple it's already 130 00:06:32.400 --> 00:06:35.819 clear we mean now in the present do we 131 00:06:35.819 --> 00:06:37.319 need a specific time with the past 132 00:06:37.319 --> 00:06:38.960 simple 133 00:06:38.960 --> 00:06:41.940 in the context of the conversation or 134 00:06:41.940 --> 00:06:43.740 text yes 135 00:06:43.740 --> 00:06:46.620 so to make this example complete I will 136 00:06:46.620 --> 00:06:48.839 give you a specific time 137 00:06:48.839 --> 00:06:51.660 when I was in high school I woke up at 138 00:06:51.660 --> 00:06:53.940 6am every day 139 00:06:53.940 --> 00:06:57.060 for the future simple yes we also need a 140 00:06:57.060 --> 00:06:59.339 specific time it can be in the same 141 00:06:59.339 --> 00:07:01.500 sentence or somewhere in the 142 00:07:01.500 --> 00:07:04.440 conversation or text it needs to be 143 00:07:04.440 --> 00:07:07.319 clear somewhere starting the 15th of 144 00:07:07.319 --> 00:07:11.940 January I will wake up at 6am every day 145 00:07:11.940 --> 00:07:15.840 let's do another example 146 00:07:15.840 --> 00:07:19.080 students do their homework online they 147 00:07:19.080 --> 00:07:20.819 don't use pen and paper they do their 148 00:07:20.819 --> 00:07:23.460 homework online here's clear we're 149 00:07:23.460 --> 00:07:26.759 talking about now the present period 150 00:07:26.759 --> 00:07:29.819 students did their homework online 151 00:07:29.819 --> 00:07:32.400 this would mean now they don't 152 00:07:32.400 --> 00:07:37.160 students will do their homework online 153 00:07:37.319 --> 00:07:39.780 again for the past simple and the future 154 00:07:39.780 --> 00:07:42.539 simple let's give a specific time we 155 00:07:42.539 --> 00:07:45.120 need a bit more detail 156 00:07:45.120 --> 00:07:46.139 um 157 00:07:46.139 --> 00:07:49.199 students did their homework online when 158 00:07:49.199 --> 00:07:52.560 during the pandemic but now they don't 159 00:07:52.560 --> 00:07:53.880 need to 160 00:07:53.880 --> 00:07:55.580 students will do their homework online 161 00:07:55.580 --> 00:07:59.580 beginning May 162 00:07:59.780 --> 00:08:02.759 okay we've looked at repeated actions 163 00:08:02.759 --> 00:08:06.419 like waking up or doing homework 164 00:08:06.419 --> 00:08:09.360 but these tenses can also be used to 165 00:08:09.360 --> 00:08:11.880 describe States 166 00:08:11.880 --> 00:08:13.979 what is a state 167 00:08:13.979 --> 00:08:16.680 a state is a situation 168 00:08:16.680 --> 00:08:20.280 or an opinion or a Feeling 169 00:08:20.280 --> 00:08:23.160 do states change often 170 00:08:23.160 --> 00:08:27.840 nope present simple I have long hair is 171 00:08:27.840 --> 00:08:30.960 this a repeated action no it's a state I 172 00:08:30.960 --> 00:08:33.739 have long hair 173 00:08:33.958 --> 00:08:38.640 I had long hair until I turned 18. 174 00:08:38.640 --> 00:08:41.520 past State and I'm giving you a specific 175 00:08:41.520 --> 00:08:45.779 time until I turned 18. I had long hair 176 00:08:45.779 --> 00:08:48.720 and now I have short hair 177 00:08:48.720 --> 00:08:52.740 for example future simple in a few years 178 00:08:52.740 --> 00:08:56.458 I will have long hair imagine now I have 179 00:08:56.458 --> 00:08:59.880 short hair in a few years I will have 180 00:08:59.880 --> 00:09:04.200 long hair that will be my future state 181 00:09:04.200 --> 00:09:05.880 here's another state 182 00:09:05.880 --> 00:09:09.120 duck is our team leader 183 00:09:09.120 --> 00:09:12.720 last year Doug was our team leader 184 00:09:12.720 --> 00:09:15.360 specific time last year 185 00:09:15.360 --> 00:09:19.019 next week Doug will be our new team 186 00:09:19.019 --> 00:09:20.880 leader 187 00:09:20.880 --> 00:09:23.880 your turn here's your homework try to 188 00:09:23.880 --> 00:09:26.399 think of personal examples 189 00:09:26.399 --> 00:09:29.880 repeated actions present simple what is 190 00:09:29.880 --> 00:09:32.820 something you do every day every month 191 00:09:32.820 --> 00:09:36.560 every week or every year 192 00:09:37.860 --> 00:09:40.559 I cook every day that's not a really 193 00:09:40.559 --> 00:09:42.839 exciting example but it's true I cook 194 00:09:42.839 --> 00:09:44.339 every day 195 00:09:44.339 --> 00:09:47.700 past simple what is something you did or 196 00:09:47.700 --> 00:09:50.580 didn't do every day every month every 197 00:09:50.580 --> 00:09:53.660 year in the past 198 00:09:54.200 --> 00:09:57.420 when I was a kid I never ate the crust 199 00:09:57.420 --> 00:10:01.019 on toast I hated crust 200 00:10:01.019 --> 00:10:03.779 yeah now now I eat crust future simple 201 00:10:03.779 --> 00:10:06.899 hmm what is something you will do what 202 00:10:06.899 --> 00:10:08.820 do you think will become one of your 203 00:10:08.820 --> 00:10:11.160 habits 204 00:10:11.160 --> 00:10:13.679 in the future 205 00:10:13.679 --> 00:10:17.700 I will next year I will floss 206 00:10:17.700 --> 00:10:19.500 more 207 00:10:19.500 --> 00:10:22.440 okay these are repeated actions habits 208 00:10:22.440 --> 00:10:25.740 let's look at States again think of your 209 00:10:25.740 --> 00:10:28.140 own personal examples 210 00:10:28.140 --> 00:10:30.420 present simple what is something you 211 00:10:30.420 --> 00:10:32.279 enjoy 212 00:10:32.279 --> 00:10:35.279 I enjoy pop music 213 00:10:35.279 --> 00:10:38.760 past State what is something you had 214 00:10:38.760 --> 00:10:40.800 when you were a little kid 215 00:10:40.800 --> 00:10:44.700 when I was a little kid specific time I 216 00:10:44.700 --> 00:10:47.640 had a Yorkie a Yorkie is a short name 217 00:10:47.640 --> 00:10:50.820 for a Yorkshire Terrier they're cute 218 00:10:50.820 --> 00:10:53.160 little dogs aren't they so I had a 219 00:10:53.160 --> 00:10:54.839 Yorkie 220 00:10:54.839 --> 00:10:57.078 future state 221 00:10:57.078 --> 00:11:00.660 what will Earth be like in one thousand 222 00:11:00.660 --> 00:11:02.959 years 223 00:11:03.000 --> 00:11:04.200 Earth 224 00:11:04.200 --> 00:11:05.880 will be 225 00:11:05.880 --> 00:11:09.720 different so use these questions here to 226 00:11:09.720 --> 00:11:12.240 practice if you want even give me a few 227 00:11:12.240 --> 00:11:14.399 examples down below I would love to see 228 00:11:14.399 --> 00:11:16.800 your examples are we done with the 229 00:11:16.800 --> 00:11:18.899 simple tenses 230 00:11:18.899 --> 00:11:21.660 not yet 231 00:11:21.660 --> 00:11:24.240 it's clear we use all three of these 232 00:11:24.240 --> 00:11:27.720 tenses again for repeated actions habits 233 00:11:27.720 --> 00:11:28.920 and states 234 00:11:28.920 --> 00:11:30.240 but 235 00:11:30.240 --> 00:11:33.059 the past simple and the future simple 236 00:11:33.059 --> 00:11:37.440 can also be used for single actions not 237 00:11:37.440 --> 00:11:41.540 repeated actions not States 238 00:11:41.958 --> 00:11:45.420 I made an omelette for breakfast what 239 00:11:45.420 --> 00:11:47.700 action 240 00:11:47.700 --> 00:11:50.640 the chef will prepare something nice for 241 00:11:50.640 --> 00:11:51.360 us 242 00:11:51.360 --> 00:11:53.279 single action 243 00:11:53.279 --> 00:11:56.519 I bought a new phone yesterday 244 00:11:56.519 --> 00:11:58.559 single action 245 00:11:58.559 --> 00:12:03.860 I will buy a new phone after my birthday 246 00:12:03.860 --> 00:12:06.600 do we always know what will happen in 247 00:12:06.600 --> 00:12:07.679 the future 248 00:12:07.679 --> 00:12:11.339 no so we often use a future simple for 249 00:12:11.339 --> 00:12:15.480 those single actions for promises or 250 00:12:15.480 --> 00:12:17.600 predictions 251 00:12:17.600 --> 00:12:22.740 common mistake I buy a new phone today 252 00:12:22.740 --> 00:12:25.620 can we use the present simple for a 253 00:12:25.620 --> 00:12:27.140 single action 254 00:12:27.140 --> 00:12:30.540 no not in this case 255 00:12:30.540 --> 00:12:34.380 but there's always a but 256 00:12:34.380 --> 00:12:37.920 this is special we can use the present 257 00:12:37.920 --> 00:12:43.320 simple for a scheduled future event yes 258 00:12:43.320 --> 00:12:45.059 future 259 00:12:45.059 --> 00:12:48.360 our train leaves at nine 260 00:12:48.360 --> 00:12:53.160 the movie starts in 30 minutes 261 00:12:53.160 --> 00:12:55.679 I want to show you another example let's 262 00:12:55.679 --> 00:12:58.320 look at a little clip 263 00:12:58.320 --> 00:13:00.839 here we have two strangers on a train 264 00:13:00.839 --> 00:13:04.320 and we see a nice mix of tenses 265 00:13:04.320 --> 00:13:06.360 so where are you headed 266 00:13:06.360 --> 00:13:08.399 well back to Paris um 267 00:13:08.399 --> 00:13:10.500 my class start next week now you're 268 00:13:10.500 --> 00:13:11.760 still in school where do you go okay 269 00:13:11.760 --> 00:13:14.458 where are you headed means where are you 270 00:13:14.458 --> 00:13:16.638 going 271 00:13:16.800 --> 00:13:19.200 and here we see the present simple used 272 00:13:19.200 --> 00:13:22.940 for a scheduled future event 273 00:13:23.240 --> 00:13:26.220 we've looked at three scheduled future 274 00:13:26.220 --> 00:13:29.339 events are these events something you 275 00:13:29.339 --> 00:13:31.440 have control over 276 00:13:31.440 --> 00:13:34.078 we can't control when our train leaves 277 00:13:34.078 --> 00:13:36.660 we can't control when the movie starts 278 00:13:36.660 --> 00:13:40.260 and we can't control when our classes 279 00:13:40.260 --> 00:13:41.399 start 280 00:13:41.399 --> 00:13:44.458 so that present simple can be used for a 281 00:13:44.458 --> 00:13:46.980 single future action but it's something 282 00:13:46.980 --> 00:13:49.860 that's scheduled it's not something we 283 00:13:49.860 --> 00:13:52.078 can control 284 00:13:52.078 --> 00:13:55.740 simple tenses review we can use the 285 00:13:55.740 --> 00:13:58.740 simple tenses for habits repeated 286 00:13:58.740 --> 00:14:00.839 actions and states 287 00:14:00.839 --> 00:14:02.880 I live in an apartment 288 00:14:02.880 --> 00:14:05.100 I lived in an apartment 289 00:14:05.100 --> 00:14:07.559 I will live in an apartment 290 00:14:07.559 --> 00:14:09.958 with the past simple and the future 291 00:14:09.958 --> 00:14:12.600 simple you do want to include a specific 292 00:14:12.600 --> 00:14:15.420 time somewhere in the conversation or 293 00:14:15.420 --> 00:14:16.800 context 294 00:14:16.800 --> 00:14:18.660 the past simple and the future simple 295 00:14:18.660 --> 00:14:22.560 can also be used for a single action 296 00:14:22.560 --> 00:14:26.040 I arrived on time for the meeting 297 00:14:26.040 --> 00:14:29.760 I will arrive on time for the meeting 298 00:14:29.760 --> 00:14:32.519 but because we don't always know what's 299 00:14:32.519 --> 00:14:34.380 going to happen in the future that 300 00:14:34.380 --> 00:14:36.300 future simple is often used for 301 00:14:36.300 --> 00:14:39.380 predictions and Promises 302 00:14:39.380 --> 00:14:42.300 and finally the present simple can be 303 00:14:42.300 --> 00:14:45.180 used for a future scheduled event like 304 00:14:45.180 --> 00:14:48.760 my bus leaves in 10 minutes bye 305 00:14:48.760 --> 00:14:52.220 [Music] 306 00:14:52.220 --> 00:14:54.839 present continuous 307 00:14:54.839 --> 00:14:58.920 past continuous future continuous 308 00:14:58.920 --> 00:15:00.540 present continuous 309 00:15:00.540 --> 00:15:01.820 subject 310 00:15:01.820 --> 00:15:06.120 AMR is plus verb ing 311 00:15:06.120 --> 00:15:10.079 remember to choose Mr is depending on 312 00:15:10.079 --> 00:15:12.620 your subject 313 00:15:12.860 --> 00:15:16.920 example I am talking to you 314 00:15:16.920 --> 00:15:21.120 negative I am not talking to you 315 00:15:21.120 --> 00:15:23.040 question 316 00:15:23.040 --> 00:15:26.820 are you talking to me or am I talking to 317 00:15:26.820 --> 00:15:29.000 you 318 00:15:29.160 --> 00:15:31.079 past continuous 319 00:15:31.079 --> 00:15:35.360 subject was or were plus verb ing 320 00:15:35.360 --> 00:15:38.579 again you need to choose was or were 321 00:15:38.579 --> 00:15:42.320 depending on your subject 322 00:15:42.720 --> 00:15:45.540 I was talking to you 323 00:15:45.540 --> 00:15:50.279 negative I was not talking to you 324 00:15:50.279 --> 00:15:55.040 question were you talking to me 325 00:15:56.339 --> 00:15:58.740 future continuous 326 00:15:58.740 --> 00:16:03.480 subject will be plus verb ing the good 327 00:16:03.480 --> 00:16:07.920 news is we use will be for all subjects 328 00:16:07.920 --> 00:16:10.680 I will be talking to you 329 00:16:10.680 --> 00:16:14.279 negative I will not be talking to you 330 00:16:14.279 --> 00:16:18.120 question will you be talking to me 331 00:16:18.120 --> 00:16:20.639 during this lesson I will keep all of 332 00:16:20.639 --> 00:16:22.560 the grammatical structures highlighted 333 00:16:22.560 --> 00:16:23.639 for you 334 00:16:23.639 --> 00:16:25.860 okay so we have the grammatical 335 00:16:25.860 --> 00:16:29.579 structures how do we use these tenses 336 00:16:29.579 --> 00:16:32.940 we need a timeline 337 00:16:32.940 --> 00:16:35.279 present continuous past continuous 338 00:16:35.279 --> 00:16:37.920 future continuous 339 00:16:37.920 --> 00:16:40.680 we use the continuous tenses for an 340 00:16:40.680 --> 00:16:42.540 action happening during a specific 341 00:16:42.540 --> 00:16:44.160 period 342 00:16:44.160 --> 00:16:47.820 present let's choose now now I am 343 00:16:47.820 --> 00:16:50.420 talking to you 344 00:16:50.420 --> 00:16:54.300 past continuous let's choose 2 p.m 345 00:16:54.300 --> 00:16:56.420 yesterday 346 00:16:56.420 --> 00:17:01.980 at 2PM I was I was talking to you 347 00:17:01.980 --> 00:17:03.899 future continuous 348 00:17:03.899 --> 00:17:07.559 let's choose 2 p.m again tomorrow 349 00:17:07.559 --> 00:17:11.819 at 2PM I will be talking to you 350 00:17:11.819 --> 00:17:14.160 can you see how similar the tenses are 351 00:17:14.160 --> 00:17:17.160 we just need to change the period the 352 00:17:17.160 --> 00:17:20.579 present the past or the future 353 00:17:20.579 --> 00:17:25.679 are these actions permanent or temporary 354 00:17:25.679 --> 00:17:28.380 permanent means long term or forever 355 00:17:28.380 --> 00:17:31.619 temper means short term so do you think 356 00:17:31.619 --> 00:17:34.799 these actions are permanent or temporary 357 00:17:34.799 --> 00:17:38.580 these are temporary continuous tenses 358 00:17:38.580 --> 00:17:41.580 Express a temporary action or situation 359 00:17:41.580 --> 00:17:44.100 they are not permanent or repeated 360 00:17:44.100 --> 00:17:48.900 actions like the simple tenses 361 00:17:49.080 --> 00:17:52.020 do we need a specific time with these 362 00:17:52.020 --> 00:17:53.220 tenses 363 00:17:53.220 --> 00:17:56.039 with the present continuous it's clear 364 00:17:56.039 --> 00:17:58.559 we're speaking about the present 365 00:17:58.559 --> 00:18:01.619 but for the past continuous and future 366 00:18:01.619 --> 00:18:04.140 continuous you do want to have a 367 00:18:04.140 --> 00:18:05.880 specific time either in the same 368 00:18:05.880 --> 00:18:08.880 sentence or somewhere in the context of 369 00:18:08.880 --> 00:18:12.539 the conversation or texts here yesterday 370 00:18:12.539 --> 00:18:14.580 at 2 pm 371 00:18:14.580 --> 00:18:18.539 here tomorrow at 2 pm 372 00:18:18.539 --> 00:18:21.539 let's do another set of examples 373 00:18:21.539 --> 00:18:25.380 now now it's getting dark 374 00:18:25.380 --> 00:18:28.980 getting dark means becoming dark 375 00:18:28.980 --> 00:18:32.160 yeah it's getting dark it's getting dark 376 00:18:32.160 --> 00:18:35.100 now this is happening 377 00:18:35.100 --> 00:18:38.780 hey you can't see me 378 00:18:39.179 --> 00:18:43.679 yesterday at 7 pm it was getting dark 379 00:18:43.679 --> 00:18:47.820 in one hour future in one hour it will 380 00:18:47.820 --> 00:18:50.100 be getting dark 381 00:18:50.100 --> 00:18:52.260 permanent or temporary 382 00:18:52.260 --> 00:18:56.340 temporary it doesn't get dark forever 383 00:18:56.340 --> 00:18:59.700 let's do one more example in class we 384 00:18:59.700 --> 00:19:03.840 are working on addition and subtraction 385 00:19:03.840 --> 00:19:07.440 imagine I'm an elementary school teacher 386 00:19:07.440 --> 00:19:10.400 am I doing this right now 387 00:19:10.400 --> 00:19:13.380 but we can also use a present continuous 388 00:19:13.380 --> 00:19:16.100 to speak about the the general present 389 00:19:16.100 --> 00:19:20.100 perhaps not this exact moment period 390 00:19:20.100 --> 00:19:24.539 last month last month we were working on 391 00:19:24.539 --> 00:19:27.660 addition and subtraction 392 00:19:27.660 --> 00:19:31.440 period next month next month we will be 393 00:19:31.440 --> 00:19:35.460 working on addition and subtraction 394 00:19:35.460 --> 00:19:39.179 your turn here's your homework answer 395 00:19:39.179 --> 00:19:41.220 these questions and try to think of 396 00:19:41.220 --> 00:19:43.740 really personal examples 397 00:19:43.740 --> 00:19:46.980 what are you doing now 398 00:19:46.980 --> 00:19:48.960 well now you are watching this lesson 399 00:19:48.960 --> 00:19:50.400 but I'm trying to think of a different 400 00:19:50.400 --> 00:19:54.179 example for example now I am standing in 401 00:19:54.179 --> 00:19:55.980 my office 402 00:19:55.980 --> 00:19:58.980 this is not permanent it's temporary I 403 00:19:58.980 --> 00:20:00.960 really want to sit down soon 404 00:20:00.960 --> 00:20:03.780 past what were you doing at 3 P.M 405 00:20:03.780 --> 00:20:06.380 yesterday 406 00:20:06.559 --> 00:20:08.640 I was 407 00:20:08.640 --> 00:20:12.240 picking my kids up from school 408 00:20:12.240 --> 00:20:14.880 what will you be doing three hours from 409 00:20:14.880 --> 00:20:16.500 now 410 00:20:16.500 --> 00:20:19.140 I will be making dinner 411 00:20:19.140 --> 00:20:21.620 probably 412 00:20:21.720 --> 00:20:24.359 so we know continuous tenses are 413 00:20:24.359 --> 00:20:25.799 temporary 414 00:20:25.799 --> 00:20:28.679 but you want to ask yourself why are you 415 00:20:28.679 --> 00:20:31.260 using a continuous tense and what is 416 00:20:31.260 --> 00:20:33.419 important about the period 417 00:20:33.419 --> 00:20:36.419 for example let's look at a few of my 418 00:20:36.419 --> 00:20:38.280 examples from earlier 419 00:20:38.280 --> 00:20:40.080 I am talking to you 420 00:20:40.080 --> 00:20:42.600 why would I need to say this 421 00:20:42.600 --> 00:20:45.119 maybe I'm talking to someone and they're 422 00:20:45.119 --> 00:20:48.359 looking at their phone I can say I'm 423 00:20:48.359 --> 00:20:49.619 talking to you can you please stop 424 00:20:49.619 --> 00:20:51.240 looking at your phone 425 00:20:51.240 --> 00:20:53.609 my action now is important 426 00:20:53.609 --> 00:20:55.619 [Music] 427 00:20:55.619 --> 00:20:58.380 did you go jogging after work 428 00:20:58.380 --> 00:21:01.320 no I didn't leave the office until 7 pm 429 00:21:01.320 --> 00:21:03.720 and it was getting dark 430 00:21:03.720 --> 00:21:06.240 I don't feel comfortable jogging that 431 00:21:06.240 --> 00:21:08.220 late in the evening 432 00:21:08.220 --> 00:21:10.320 now it makes sense why someone would use 433 00:21:10.320 --> 00:21:12.480 this tense 434 00:21:12.480 --> 00:21:15.840 The Continuous tenses can be the main 435 00:21:15.840 --> 00:21:19.080 action but many times they are the 436 00:21:19.080 --> 00:21:22.140 background action there is another main 437 00:21:22.140 --> 00:21:25.380 action that happens at the same time or 438 00:21:25.380 --> 00:21:28.320 the main action interrupts that 439 00:21:28.320 --> 00:21:30.960 background action 440 00:21:30.960 --> 00:21:32.940 we usually see this with the past 441 00:21:32.940 --> 00:21:37.559 continuous and the future continuous 442 00:21:38.780 --> 00:21:41.659 what happened 443 00:21:41.659 --> 00:21:44.400 I was holding a cup of coffee on the 444 00:21:44.400 --> 00:21:48.659 couch when my son bumped into me so I 445 00:21:48.659 --> 00:21:50.460 spilled my coffee 446 00:21:50.460 --> 00:21:53.280 we had that background action that's not 447 00:21:53.280 --> 00:21:54.960 really the main action that's just 448 00:21:54.960 --> 00:21:57.419 giving us a bit of background the main 449 00:21:57.419 --> 00:22:01.140 action is my son bumped into me 450 00:22:01.140 --> 00:22:03.840 I really want to show you the power of 451 00:22:03.840 --> 00:22:06.059 the past simple and past continuous 452 00:22:06.059 --> 00:22:09.059 combination let's take a look at a few 453 00:22:09.059 --> 00:22:10.679 little clips 454 00:22:10.679 --> 00:22:13.320 in this interview a famous British 455 00:22:13.320 --> 00:22:16.140 actress Emily Blunt is talking about one 456 00:22:16.140 --> 00:22:18.960 of her movies called quiet place but 457 00:22:18.960 --> 00:22:20.460 actually we're having we were having a 458 00:22:20.460 --> 00:22:23.039 Super Bowl party and the trailer for 459 00:22:23.039 --> 00:22:25.200 quiet place came on which is terrifying 460 00:22:25.200 --> 00:22:28.140 yes and Hazel sort of wandered in 461 00:22:28.140 --> 00:22:31.140 we were having a Super Bowl party 462 00:22:31.140 --> 00:22:33.840 and the trailer for quiet place came on 463 00:22:33.840 --> 00:22:36.059 which is terrifying 464 00:22:36.059 --> 00:22:38.640 here we see the background action we're 465 00:22:38.640 --> 00:22:40.859 having a Super Bowl party 466 00:22:40.859 --> 00:22:43.619 and the main action the trailer for 467 00:22:43.619 --> 00:22:46.200 quiet place came on 468 00:22:46.200 --> 00:22:48.840 and this is terrifying looks like the 469 00:22:48.840 --> 00:22:51.539 present continuous but no terrifying 470 00:22:51.539 --> 00:22:54.080 here is an adjective 471 00:22:54.080 --> 00:22:57.059 in the next part Emily is talking about 472 00:22:57.059 --> 00:22:58.859 the first time she met her future 473 00:22:58.859 --> 00:23:01.619 husband I was in a restaurant he was in 474 00:23:01.619 --> 00:23:03.299 the restaurant I was sitting with a 475 00:23:03.299 --> 00:23:05.820 mutual friend this is all romantic here 476 00:23:05.820 --> 00:23:09.000 we can see the two past simple States 477 00:23:09.000 --> 00:23:11.460 and the past continuous is telling us 478 00:23:11.460 --> 00:23:13.919 what was happening in the background 479 00:23:13.919 --> 00:23:15.600 is sitting with a friend import 480 00:23:15.600 --> 00:23:17.039 information 481 00:23:17.039 --> 00:23:19.080 no it's just a background so we know 482 00:23:19.080 --> 00:23:21.000 what was happening 483 00:23:21.000 --> 00:23:22.919 one more example 484 00:23:22.919 --> 00:23:25.260 with you no he just um he was actually 485 00:23:25.260 --> 00:23:27.119 sitting with our friend Justin Thoreau 486 00:23:27.119 --> 00:23:30.720 okay and then uh he abandoned Justin and 487 00:23:30.720 --> 00:23:33.000 came over to come and talk to us he did 488 00:23:33.000 --> 00:23:34.859 not eat he just 489 00:23:34.859 --> 00:23:37.619 again background was sitting with a 490 00:23:37.619 --> 00:23:41.599 friend main actions 491 00:23:42.539 --> 00:23:45.299 with the future continuous it's the same 492 00:23:45.299 --> 00:23:46.799 thing 493 00:23:46.799 --> 00:23:50.039 I hope I don't see John at the event 494 00:23:50.039 --> 00:23:52.500 don't worry you will be working in 495 00:23:52.500 --> 00:23:53.700 different teams 496 00:23:53.700 --> 00:23:55.919 main action I hope I don't see John 497 00:23:55.919 --> 00:23:58.440 what's that background you will be 498 00:23:58.440 --> 00:24:01.100 working in different teams 499 00:24:01.100 --> 00:24:04.440 don't message me after six I'll be 500 00:24:04.440 --> 00:24:06.359 having dinner with my boss 501 00:24:06.359 --> 00:24:09.480 the main action is don't message me why 502 00:24:09.480 --> 00:24:12.299 what's going on what will be going on 503 00:24:12.299 --> 00:24:15.600 I'll be having dinner with my boss 504 00:24:15.600 --> 00:24:18.780 but what if I say I'm hungry I'm wanting 505 00:24:18.780 --> 00:24:20.400 some breakfast 506 00:24:20.400 --> 00:24:22.919 the students were knowing all of the 507 00:24:22.919 --> 00:24:24.000 answers 508 00:24:24.000 --> 00:24:28.880 I know Kira will be loving the party 509 00:24:29.039 --> 00:24:30.299 want 510 00:24:30.299 --> 00:24:36.240 no love these are stative verbs 511 00:24:36.240 --> 00:24:39.119 state of verbs what are stated verbs 512 00:24:39.119 --> 00:24:42.179 stated verbs describe States 513 00:24:42.179 --> 00:24:45.659 these can be our feelings our thoughts 514 00:24:45.659 --> 00:24:47.760 and our emotions 515 00:24:47.760 --> 00:24:50.520 they are the opposite of dynamic verbs 516 00:24:50.520 --> 00:24:56.760 Dynamic verbs like e play run work let's 517 00:24:56.760 --> 00:24:59.760 take a look at a list of stative verbs 518 00:24:59.760 --> 00:25:04.140 you can see you want know and love here 519 00:25:04.140 --> 00:25:06.600 again just like the present simple 520 00:25:06.600 --> 00:25:09.720 stated verb describes states which don't 521 00:25:09.720 --> 00:25:11.460 change often 522 00:25:11.460 --> 00:25:14.720 these are not using continuous tenses 523 00:25:14.720 --> 00:25:18.659 so here nope these sentences are not 524 00:25:18.659 --> 00:25:19.799 correct 525 00:25:19.799 --> 00:25:22.380 we need to use the simple tenses here 526 00:25:22.380 --> 00:25:24.600 this is so important to remember in this 527 00:25:24.600 --> 00:25:26.700 lesson and I will continuously remind 528 00:25:26.700 --> 00:25:28.279 you of this 529 00:25:28.279 --> 00:25:31.980 yes some verbs can be stated and dynamic 530 00:25:31.980 --> 00:25:36.140 but there aren't very many of those 531 00:25:36.299 --> 00:25:39.419 let me show you a mini clip this is a 532 00:25:39.419 --> 00:25:41.700 clip of a young lady and a vampire 533 00:25:41.700 --> 00:25:42.840 dancing 534 00:25:42.840 --> 00:25:46.640 at one point the vampire says this 535 00:25:46.640 --> 00:25:49.340 they're loving it 536 00:25:49.340 --> 00:25:52.440 okay the vampire is using the present 537 00:25:52.440 --> 00:25:53.940 continuous because the action is 538 00:25:53.940 --> 00:25:55.799 happening now 539 00:25:55.799 --> 00:25:58.020 this is not correct grammar because love 540 00:25:58.020 --> 00:26:01.440 is a stated verb however sometimes in 541 00:26:01.440 --> 00:26:03.600 very casual English you might hear 542 00:26:03.600 --> 00:26:05.460 stated verse being used in a continuous 543 00:26:05.460 --> 00:26:09.119 tense but for English exams you don't 544 00:26:09.119 --> 00:26:10.559 want to do that 545 00:26:10.559 --> 00:26:13.100 are we done with the continuous tenses 546 00:26:13.100 --> 00:26:16.260 not quite let's focus on the present 547 00:26:16.260 --> 00:26:18.059 continuous because that one's pretty 548 00:26:18.059 --> 00:26:20.279 special 549 00:26:20.279 --> 00:26:23.400 tomorrow we are flying to Rome 550 00:26:23.400 --> 00:26:25.980 I'm meeting Jake and Ellen for dinner 551 00:26:25.980 --> 00:26:27.720 tonight 552 00:26:27.720 --> 00:26:30.840 what are you doing this weekend 553 00:26:30.840 --> 00:26:33.539 we can use the present continuous for a 554 00:26:33.539 --> 00:26:37.919 future plan yes a future plan it's very 555 00:26:37.919 --> 00:26:39.419 natural 556 00:26:39.419 --> 00:26:43.380 common mistake tomorrow we will fly to 557 00:26:43.380 --> 00:26:46.380 Rome I will meet Jake and Ellen for 558 00:26:46.380 --> 00:26:47.820 dinner tonight 559 00:26:47.820 --> 00:26:52.279 what will you do this weekend 560 00:26:53.220 --> 00:26:55.919 wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait 561 00:26:55.919 --> 00:26:58.799 in this lesson you said we could use 562 00:26:58.799 --> 00:27:01.919 will for a single future action 563 00:27:01.919 --> 00:27:04.200 yeah I said that 564 00:27:04.200 --> 00:27:07.200 so why is tomorrow we will fly to Rome 565 00:27:07.200 --> 00:27:10.020 wrong it's a single future action 566 00:27:10.020 --> 00:27:13.320 am I talking about a future habit 567 00:27:13.320 --> 00:27:14.720 no 568 00:27:14.720 --> 00:27:18.900 am I talking about a future State nope 569 00:27:18.900 --> 00:27:21.600 am I making a prediction 570 00:27:21.600 --> 00:27:23.820 nope 571 00:27:23.820 --> 00:27:27.140 am I making a promise maybe 572 00:27:27.140 --> 00:27:30.720 right we don't use the future simple 573 00:27:30.720 --> 00:27:34.140 will for a future plan the present 574 00:27:34.140 --> 00:27:36.119 continues is the better and more Natural 575 00:27:36.119 --> 00:27:39.119 Choice 576 00:27:39.119 --> 00:27:42.119 but what about be going to 577 00:27:42.119 --> 00:27:43.919 we can also just be going to for a 578 00:27:43.919 --> 00:27:46.340 future plan 579 00:27:46.580 --> 00:27:49.320 okay we need to look at present 580 00:27:49.320 --> 00:27:51.659 continuous and be going to for future 581 00:27:51.659 --> 00:27:54.059 plans 582 00:27:54.059 --> 00:27:56.520 I am going to meet Jake and Ellen for 583 00:27:56.520 --> 00:27:57.900 dinner tonight 584 00:27:57.900 --> 00:28:00.419 present continuous I'm meeting Jake and 585 00:28:00.419 --> 00:28:02.820 Ellen for dinner tonight what's the 586 00:28:02.820 --> 00:28:03.720 difference 587 00:28:03.720 --> 00:28:06.559 native speakers use both of these forms 588 00:28:06.559 --> 00:28:09.240 interchangeably all the time and they 589 00:28:09.240 --> 00:28:12.419 are both correct but let's get really 590 00:28:12.419 --> 00:28:15.960 picky let's get super specific 591 00:28:15.960 --> 00:28:20.580 be going to plus verb one is often used 592 00:28:20.580 --> 00:28:23.279 with a future intention 593 00:28:23.279 --> 00:28:27.480 present continuous is more definite 594 00:28:27.480 --> 00:28:31.140 what do I mean by that I have three days 595 00:28:31.140 --> 00:28:32.880 off next week 596 00:28:32.880 --> 00:28:35.100 I'm gonna stay at home and watch movies 597 00:28:35.100 --> 00:28:39.120 all day this is my intention whether I 598 00:28:39.120 --> 00:28:40.740 do this or not 599 00:28:40.740 --> 00:28:42.360 I don't know 600 00:28:42.360 --> 00:28:45.779 teacher I'm excited about tomorrow I'm 601 00:28:45.779 --> 00:28:48.240 taking my students to a museum 602 00:28:48.240 --> 00:28:50.340 here the present continues is more 603 00:28:50.340 --> 00:28:51.480 definite 604 00:28:51.480 --> 00:28:54.659 I have my lesson planned and I know the 605 00:28:54.659 --> 00:28:56.460 museum I'm going to 606 00:28:56.460 --> 00:28:59.460 you might hear someone use will for a 607 00:28:59.460 --> 00:29:02.100 future plan but it's generally not the 608 00:29:02.100 --> 00:29:04.980 accepted form 609 00:29:04.980 --> 00:29:07.559 let's compare finally we can start 610 00:29:07.559 --> 00:29:09.779 comparing tenses 611 00:29:09.779 --> 00:29:12.179 I work in Tucson 612 00:29:12.179 --> 00:29:14.220 I am working in Tucson 613 00:29:14.220 --> 00:29:17.279 Tucson is a city in Arizona 614 00:29:17.279 --> 00:29:20.700 I worked in Tucson I was working in 615 00:29:20.700 --> 00:29:23.279 Tucson I will work in Tucson 616 00:29:23.279 --> 00:29:27.798 I will be working in Tucson 617 00:29:28.140 --> 00:29:31.500 which column expresses a permanent 618 00:29:31.500 --> 00:29:33.480 action 619 00:29:33.480 --> 00:29:36.960 the simple tenses present simple past 620 00:29:36.960 --> 00:29:39.600 simple and future simple these are 621 00:29:39.600 --> 00:29:41.100 permanent 622 00:29:41.100 --> 00:29:44.820 I work in Tucson this is my life this is 623 00:29:44.820 --> 00:29:47.880 where I live this is where my office is 624 00:29:47.880 --> 00:29:52.020 I am working in Tucson maybe I normally 625 00:29:52.020 --> 00:29:55.380 work in Mesa a different city but for 626 00:29:55.380 --> 00:29:58.440 two weeks I'm working in Tucson this is 627 00:29:58.440 --> 00:30:00.500 temporary 628 00:30:00.500 --> 00:30:03.059 it's the same thing for the other tenses 629 00:30:03.059 --> 00:30:06.840 I worked in Tucson that was my life my 630 00:30:06.840 --> 00:30:08.899 office was there 631 00:30:08.899 --> 00:30:11.299 I couldn't go to the office party 632 00:30:11.299 --> 00:30:14.940 because I was working in Tucson that 633 00:30:14.940 --> 00:30:18.919 week a temporary feeling 634 00:30:19.440 --> 00:30:22.320 I will work in Tucson this will be my 635 00:30:22.320 --> 00:30:24.600 new future life 636 00:30:24.600 --> 00:30:26.820 I will be working in Tucson 637 00:30:26.820 --> 00:30:28.620 temporary 638 00:30:28.620 --> 00:30:31.799 I can't go to the Mesa party because I 639 00:30:31.799 --> 00:30:34.620 will be working in Tucson my main office 640 00:30:34.620 --> 00:30:37.620 is in Mesa but here temporarily I'll be 641 00:30:37.620 --> 00:30:41.240 working in Tucson 642 00:30:41.480 --> 00:30:45.000 Mini review The Continuous tenses 643 00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:47.520 Express a temporary action during a 644 00:30:47.520 --> 00:30:52.140 specific period I am studying now 645 00:30:52.140 --> 00:30:55.200 I was studying this morning 646 00:30:55.200 --> 00:30:58.260 I will be studying tonight 647 00:30:58.260 --> 00:31:00.899 The Continuous tenses can be the main 648 00:31:00.899 --> 00:31:03.779 action but many times with the past 649 00:31:03.779 --> 00:31:06.360 continuous and future continuous 650 00:31:06.360 --> 00:31:10.080 they express the background action these 651 00:31:10.080 --> 00:31:11.600 background actions are either 652 00:31:11.600 --> 00:31:15.240 interrupted by a main action or the main 653 00:31:15.240 --> 00:31:18.679 action happens at the same time 654 00:31:18.679 --> 00:31:21.960 we were talking about Phil when he 655 00:31:21.960 --> 00:31:23.460 walked into the office 656 00:31:23.460 --> 00:31:25.860 you can meet me after work I'll be 657 00:31:25.860 --> 00:31:28.440 waiting in Starbucks 658 00:31:28.440 --> 00:31:31.320 the present continuous can also be used 659 00:31:31.320 --> 00:31:34.980 for a future plan many times is a 660 00:31:34.980 --> 00:31:37.500 personal plan we're not speaking about a 661 00:31:37.500 --> 00:31:40.140 prediction or a promise or a future 662 00:31:40.140 --> 00:31:43.200 habit or state 663 00:31:43.200 --> 00:31:47.039 next week I'm visiting my grandmother I 664 00:31:47.039 --> 00:31:49.679 can also use be going to plus bass verb 665 00:31:49.679 --> 00:31:52.140 next week I'm going to visit my 666 00:31:52.140 --> 00:31:54.140 grandmother these are often used 667 00:31:54.140 --> 00:31:57.000 interchangeably but if we want to be 668 00:31:57.000 --> 00:32:00.000 super picky be going to often expresses 669 00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:02.940 an intention the present continuous is 670 00:32:02.940 --> 00:32:05.830 more definite 671 00:32:05.830 --> 00:32:08.950 [Music] 672 00:32:09.740 --> 00:32:12.120 present perfect 673 00:32:12.120 --> 00:32:15.720 past perfect future perfect 674 00:32:15.720 --> 00:32:17.399 present perfect 675 00:32:17.399 --> 00:32:20.940 subject have or has plus the past 676 00:32:20.940 --> 00:32:22.860 participle 677 00:32:22.860 --> 00:32:26.340 remember to choose have or has depending 678 00:32:26.340 --> 00:32:29.360 on your subject 679 00:32:29.360 --> 00:32:32.760 and that past participle is verb number 680 00:32:32.760 --> 00:32:33.840 three 681 00:32:33.840 --> 00:32:38.340 for example eat eaten eaten is my past 682 00:32:38.340 --> 00:32:41.659 participle verb number three 683 00:32:41.659 --> 00:32:45.360 I have eaten at Rosario's 684 00:32:45.360 --> 00:32:48.779 imagine Rosario's is a restaurant 685 00:32:48.779 --> 00:32:53.940 negative I have not eaten at Rosario's 686 00:32:53.940 --> 00:32:58.820 question have you eaten at Rosario's 687 00:32:59.159 --> 00:33:01.080 past perfect 688 00:33:01.080 --> 00:33:05.159 subject had Plus past participle 689 00:33:05.159 --> 00:33:08.340 the good news is we use had for all 690 00:33:08.340 --> 00:33:11.059 subjects 691 00:33:11.640 --> 00:33:14.640 I had eaten at Rosario's 692 00:33:14.640 --> 00:33:19.380 negative I had not eaten at Rosario's 693 00:33:19.380 --> 00:33:22.140 had you eaten at Rosario's future 694 00:33:22.140 --> 00:33:25.320 perfect subject will have Plus past 695 00:33:25.320 --> 00:33:27.000 participle 696 00:33:27.000 --> 00:33:30.179 again the good news is we use will have 697 00:33:30.179 --> 00:33:33.960 for all subjects 698 00:33:33.960 --> 00:33:37.919 I will have eaten at Rosario's 699 00:33:37.919 --> 00:33:41.399 I will not have eaten at Rosario's 700 00:33:41.399 --> 00:33:44.580 will you have eaten at Rosario's 701 00:33:44.580 --> 00:33:46.980 okay so we have the grammatical 702 00:33:46.980 --> 00:33:49.320 structures and in this lesson I will 703 00:33:49.320 --> 00:33:51.120 keep the structures highlighted for you 704 00:33:51.120 --> 00:33:52.559 of course 705 00:33:52.559 --> 00:33:55.679 so how do we use these tenses 706 00:33:55.679 --> 00:33:59.399 here I have my timelines present past 707 00:33:59.399 --> 00:34:01.080 and future 708 00:34:01.080 --> 00:34:04.140 I have eaten at Rosario's I had eaten at 709 00:34:04.140 --> 00:34:08.940 Rosario's I will have eaten at Rosario's 710 00:34:08.940 --> 00:34:11.659 the perfect tenses are really special 711 00:34:11.659 --> 00:34:16.040 because they emphasize an action before 712 00:34:16.040 --> 00:34:18.839 something else 713 00:34:18.839 --> 00:34:23.460 present perfect before now 714 00:34:23.460 --> 00:34:28.639 past perfect before another past point 715 00:34:28.639 --> 00:34:32.760 future perfect before another future 716 00:34:32.760 --> 00:34:35.760 point you can really see how similar 717 00:34:35.760 --> 00:34:38.839 these three are 718 00:34:42.050 --> 00:34:44.520 [Music] 719 00:34:44.520 --> 00:34:47.580 I understand let's do these one 720 00:34:47.580 --> 00:34:50.359 at a time 721 00:34:50.700 --> 00:34:53.820 present perfect I have my timeline with 722 00:34:53.820 --> 00:34:56.940 the past and the present 723 00:34:56.940 --> 00:34:59.700 I have been to Paris 724 00:34:59.700 --> 00:35:03.719 Kim has taken the TOEFL exam 725 00:35:03.719 --> 00:35:06.960 my parents have seen my new house 726 00:35:06.960 --> 00:35:10.560 he has finished his homework 727 00:35:10.560 --> 00:35:13.260 I know what some of you are thinking 728 00:35:13.260 --> 00:35:15.980 isn't this the same as the past simple 729 00:35:15.980 --> 00:35:18.780 don't worry we will compare the past 730 00:35:18.780 --> 00:35:22.440 simple and the present perfect later all 731 00:35:22.440 --> 00:35:25.560 of these actions happened when before 732 00:35:25.560 --> 00:35:27.239 the present 733 00:35:27.239 --> 00:35:29.760 do we know specifically when 734 00:35:29.760 --> 00:35:35.400 no but before now is relevant 735 00:35:35.400 --> 00:35:37.500 what do I mean by that before now is 736 00:35:37.500 --> 00:35:39.960 relevant there is a connection between 737 00:35:39.960 --> 00:35:43.680 the past action and the present 738 00:35:43.680 --> 00:35:45.440 so let's break this down 739 00:35:45.440 --> 00:35:46.500 [Music] 740 00:35:46.500 --> 00:35:50.640 why would I say I have been to Paris 741 00:35:50.640 --> 00:35:54.000 maybe I'm having a coffee break at work 742 00:35:54.000 --> 00:35:56.460 and one of my colleagues keeps talking 743 00:35:56.460 --> 00:35:58.380 and talking and talking and talking 744 00:35:58.380 --> 00:36:01.560 about our trip to Paris and she says to 745 00:36:01.560 --> 00:36:04.980 me Arnel you have to go to Paris you 746 00:36:04.980 --> 00:36:06.780 need to go to Paris 747 00:36:06.780 --> 00:36:09.119 I can say 748 00:36:09.119 --> 00:36:11.820 I have been there 749 00:36:11.820 --> 00:36:15.239 I have been to Paris in fact I have been 750 00:36:15.239 --> 00:36:17.579 there three times so you can stop 751 00:36:17.579 --> 00:36:19.980 talking about your trip now 752 00:36:19.980 --> 00:36:23.520 I'm emphasizing before now I have been 753 00:36:23.520 --> 00:36:26.579 there I'm telling her I have had this 754 00:36:26.579 --> 00:36:28.980 experience 755 00:36:28.980 --> 00:36:31.619 let's do another example why would I say 756 00:36:31.619 --> 00:36:34.020 he has finished his homework 757 00:36:34.020 --> 00:36:36.660 maybe two parents are talking 758 00:36:36.660 --> 00:36:37.920 dad 759 00:36:37.920 --> 00:36:39.960 is it okay that Louie is playing video 760 00:36:39.960 --> 00:36:42.260 games 761 00:36:42.839 --> 00:36:45.960 he has finished his homework 762 00:36:45.960 --> 00:36:48.540 do we know specifically when 763 00:36:48.540 --> 00:36:51.780 no we don't care about when but the 764 00:36:51.780 --> 00:36:54.180 present is relevant his past action 765 00:36:54.180 --> 00:36:59.060 means now he can play video games 766 00:36:59.160 --> 00:37:02.040 okay it's time for a common question 767 00:37:02.040 --> 00:37:05.160 past simple or present perfect 768 00:37:05.160 --> 00:37:09.020 I have two columns here 769 00:37:09.380 --> 00:37:13.200 the present perfect is more General we 770 00:37:13.200 --> 00:37:16.619 are interested in your past experience 771 00:37:16.619 --> 00:37:19.980 your past experience before now 772 00:37:19.980 --> 00:37:23.219 the past simple is more specific and we 773 00:37:23.219 --> 00:37:25.980 need to know specifically when 774 00:37:25.980 --> 00:37:28.500 so you can see in my examples here I'm 775 00:37:28.500 --> 00:37:31.160 missing something 776 00:37:33.000 --> 00:37:35.219 I have been to Paris 777 00:37:35.219 --> 00:37:40.440 but I went to Paris in 2003. 778 00:37:40.440 --> 00:37:43.500 Kim has taken the TOEFL exam 779 00:37:43.500 --> 00:37:48.599 but she took the TOEFL exam last week 780 00:37:48.599 --> 00:37:51.719 my parents have seen my new house 781 00:37:51.719 --> 00:37:56.179 they saw my new house on Monday 782 00:37:58.140 --> 00:38:00.960 Louis has finished his homework 783 00:38:00.960 --> 00:38:04.859 he finished his homework an hour ago 784 00:38:04.859 --> 00:38:07.200 even though these are both completed 785 00:38:07.200 --> 00:38:08.820 past actions 786 00:38:08.820 --> 00:38:11.520 the feeling is quite different 787 00:38:11.520 --> 00:38:14.160 the present perfect is really common in 788 00:38:14.160 --> 00:38:15.239 interviews 789 00:38:15.239 --> 00:38:17.820 why because the interviewer is 790 00:38:17.820 --> 00:38:20.280 interested in your experience not 791 00:38:20.280 --> 00:38:23.160 specifically when things happened let's 792 00:38:23.160 --> 00:38:26.099 take a look at a mini clip this is an 793 00:38:26.099 --> 00:38:28.020 interview with a famous American actress 794 00:38:28.020 --> 00:38:30.900 Jennifer Lawrence I won't play the whole 795 00:38:30.900 --> 00:38:33.119 interview but I want you to hear the 796 00:38:33.119 --> 00:38:34.380 present perfect 797 00:38:34.380 --> 00:38:36.780 I'm going to do this quickly so be 798 00:38:36.780 --> 00:38:38.420 prepared 799 00:38:38.420 --> 00:38:40.380 and what have you done for the first 800 00:38:40.380 --> 00:38:42.900 time recently and what is your favorite 801 00:38:42.900 --> 00:38:44.400 movie of all time that you never get 802 00:38:44.400 --> 00:38:46.079 sick of I mean 803 00:38:46.079 --> 00:38:48.839 the movie I've seen the most and watch 804 00:38:48.839 --> 00:38:50.880 for any occasion is Father of the Bride 805 00:38:50.880 --> 00:38:52.980 too what's the craziest thing you've 806 00:38:52.980 --> 00:38:55.640 ever seen here 807 00:38:55.680 --> 00:38:57.239 um the most fun I've ever had with 808 00:38:57.239 --> 00:38:59.099 actors on set is Josh and Liam Hunger 809 00:38:59.099 --> 00:39:01.680 Games hi boys they're great 810 00:39:01.680 --> 00:39:03.780 all right let's Golf we got a mini golf 811 00:39:03.780 --> 00:39:05.460 here so what's the strangest thing a 812 00:39:05.460 --> 00:39:07.140 journalist has ever asked you in an 813 00:39:07.140 --> 00:39:09.180 interview 814 00:39:09.180 --> 00:39:11.099 what's the most bizarre thing that 815 00:39:11.099 --> 00:39:13.859 you've ever read about yourself 816 00:39:13.859 --> 00:39:15.540 what's the best piece of advice you've 817 00:39:15.540 --> 00:39:18.300 gotten about parenting babies don't get 818 00:39:18.300 --> 00:39:19.380 bored 819 00:39:19.380 --> 00:39:22.140 okie dokie in all of these examples we 820 00:39:22.140 --> 00:39:24.300 are just interested in the action or 821 00:39:24.300 --> 00:39:25.440 experience 822 00:39:25.440 --> 00:39:27.300 when before now 823 00:39:27.300 --> 00:39:29.579 specifically when 824 00:39:29.579 --> 00:39:31.980 do not care 825 00:39:31.980 --> 00:39:34.440 but earlier in the interview we hear 826 00:39:34.440 --> 00:39:36.000 this 827 00:39:36.000 --> 00:39:37.500 so when was the last time that you 828 00:39:37.500 --> 00:39:39.420 played mini golf 829 00:39:39.420 --> 00:39:42.000 never or like five years ago on a scale 830 00:39:42.000 --> 00:39:45.359 of one to ten how simple why because the 831 00:39:45.359 --> 00:39:50.420 interviewer is asking when specifically 832 00:39:51.079 --> 00:39:54.060 Okay so we've looked at single past 833 00:39:54.060 --> 00:39:57.180 experiences or repeated past experiences 834 00:39:57.180 --> 00:40:00.480 but what happens if the action isn't 835 00:40:00.480 --> 00:40:01.859 finished 836 00:40:01.859 --> 00:40:04.320 what happens if the actions started in 837 00:40:04.320 --> 00:40:07.800 the past and is still true now 838 00:40:07.800 --> 00:40:11.099 we can also use the present perfect 839 00:40:11.099 --> 00:40:16.200 Jane has lived in Canada for 22 years 840 00:40:16.200 --> 00:40:21.320 I have had long hair my entire life 841 00:40:21.980 --> 00:40:24.719 they have known each other since 842 00:40:24.719 --> 00:40:26.940 kindergarten 843 00:40:26.940 --> 00:40:29.339 for 22 years 844 00:40:29.339 --> 00:40:31.619 my entire life 845 00:40:31.619 --> 00:40:33.780 since kindergarten 846 00:40:33.780 --> 00:40:37.140 all of these tell us how long and this 847 00:40:37.140 --> 00:40:39.380 is really common in the present perfect 848 00:40:39.380 --> 00:40:41.640 is there a connection between the past 849 00:40:41.640 --> 00:40:44.400 and the present definitely are the 850 00:40:44.400 --> 00:40:46.560 situations still true today 851 00:40:46.560 --> 00:40:48.079 yes 852 00:40:48.079 --> 00:40:51.500 common mistake 853 00:40:51.500 --> 00:40:54.920 Jane is living in Canada for 22 years 854 00:40:54.920 --> 00:40:57.800 Jane lives in Canada for 22 years 855 00:40:57.800 --> 00:41:00.480 remember we do not use a present 856 00:41:00.480 --> 00:41:02.760 continuous or the present simple for 857 00:41:02.760 --> 00:41:04.440 that past to present 858 00:41:04.440 --> 00:41:06.980 connection 859 00:41:08.160 --> 00:41:09.359 perfect 860 00:41:09.359 --> 00:41:11.760 I'm going to use the same examples I 861 00:41:11.760 --> 00:41:13.739 used in the present perfect so you can 862 00:41:13.739 --> 00:41:17.160 really see again how similar they are 863 00:41:17.160 --> 00:41:20.700 past perfect an action completed before 864 00:41:20.700 --> 00:41:23.400 another past point 865 00:41:23.400 --> 00:41:24.839 present perfect 866 00:41:24.839 --> 00:41:26.820 I have been to Paris 867 00:41:26.820 --> 00:41:29.160 when before now 868 00:41:29.160 --> 00:41:32.940 past perfect I had been to Paris 869 00:41:32.940 --> 00:41:36.380 when before I started University 870 00:41:36.380 --> 00:41:39.900 you can see I added the past simple here 871 00:41:39.900 --> 00:41:43.380 to make another past point the past 872 00:41:43.380 --> 00:41:45.900 Prophet is always the action before 873 00:41:45.900 --> 00:41:49.140 another past point 874 00:41:49.140 --> 00:41:51.900 let's do another example 875 00:41:51.900 --> 00:41:54.900 present perfect my parents have seen my 876 00:41:54.900 --> 00:41:56.400 new house 877 00:41:56.400 --> 00:42:00.060 Past Perfect by the time I moved all of 878 00:42:00.060 --> 00:42:02.579 my furniture into my new house my 879 00:42:02.579 --> 00:42:05.579 parents had already seen it 880 00:42:05.579 --> 00:42:08.219 here in this example even though the 881 00:42:08.219 --> 00:42:10.020 past perfect comes second in the 882 00:42:10.020 --> 00:42:12.480 sentence it's still clear it happened 883 00:42:12.480 --> 00:42:16.980 before that past simple action 884 00:42:16.980 --> 00:42:19.619 present perfect he has finished his 885 00:42:19.619 --> 00:42:21.540 homework 886 00:42:21.540 --> 00:42:23.060 past perfect 887 00:42:23.060 --> 00:42:25.800 Louie's Mom let him play video games 888 00:42:25.800 --> 00:42:28.980 pass and full because he had finished 889 00:42:28.980 --> 00:42:31.800 his homework and just like the present 890 00:42:31.800 --> 00:42:35.640 perfect the past perfect can also show a 891 00:42:35.640 --> 00:42:36.960 past 892 00:42:36.960 --> 00:42:40.020 to past connection 893 00:42:40.020 --> 00:42:42.660 the present perfect remember a past to 894 00:42:42.660 --> 00:42:43.980 present connection 895 00:42:43.980 --> 00:42:47.640 past perfect let's move it back past to 896 00:42:47.640 --> 00:42:49.640 past connection 897 00:42:49.640 --> 00:42:52.739 Jane was sad to move 898 00:42:52.739 --> 00:42:55.560 because she had lived in Canada for 22 899 00:42:55.560 --> 00:42:56.700 years 900 00:42:56.700 --> 00:42:59.579 past your past connection 901 00:42:59.579 --> 00:43:03.359 I had had long hair my entire life and 902 00:43:03.359 --> 00:43:06.420 it was really difficult for me to cut it 903 00:43:06.420 --> 00:43:10.020 had had is that possible yes remember 904 00:43:10.020 --> 00:43:12.000 the past perfect is had Plus past 905 00:43:12.000 --> 00:43:14.760 participle what's the past participle of 906 00:43:14.760 --> 00:43:17.960 have had had 907 00:43:18.739 --> 00:43:21.540 Nathan and Brian decided to open a 908 00:43:21.540 --> 00:43:23.160 business together 909 00:43:23.160 --> 00:43:25.020 they had known each other since 910 00:43:25.020 --> 00:43:29.099 kindergarten and trusted each other 911 00:43:29.099 --> 00:43:31.440 I want you to take a look at a little 912 00:43:31.440 --> 00:43:32.819 clip 913 00:43:32.819 --> 00:43:35.700 this is a police interrogation 914 00:43:35.700 --> 00:43:39.359 an interrogation is a police interview 915 00:43:39.359 --> 00:43:42.060 this man is the detective and this man 916 00:43:42.060 --> 00:43:44.880 is who the police think did the crime he 917 00:43:44.880 --> 00:43:47.040 is the suspect 918 00:43:47.040 --> 00:43:49.319 police interrogations are a great place 919 00:43:49.319 --> 00:43:51.900 to find the past perfect because you 920 00:43:51.900 --> 00:43:54.660 need to speak about the past in detail 921 00:43:54.660 --> 00:43:56.819 and one dude yeah we didn't even know 922 00:43:56.819 --> 00:43:58.680 the first one had happened but uh I 923 00:43:58.680 --> 00:44:00.359 understand that was reasonably close as 924 00:44:00.359 --> 00:44:02.819 well but the second one was uh we didn't 925 00:44:02.819 --> 00:44:05.700 even know the first one had happened 926 00:44:05.700 --> 00:44:08.339 here one means a crime we didn't even 927 00:44:08.339 --> 00:44:11.579 know past simple that the first one had 928 00:44:11.579 --> 00:44:12.719 happened 929 00:44:12.719 --> 00:44:14.819 again the past perfect describes an 930 00:44:14.819 --> 00:44:17.579 action before another past action 931 00:44:17.579 --> 00:44:19.800 the first crime happened before they 932 00:44:19.800 --> 00:44:21.060 knew about it 933 00:44:21.060 --> 00:44:24.180 learned that you told me okay so I got 934 00:44:24.180 --> 00:44:25.680 an email I can't remember if it was late 935 00:44:25.680 --> 00:44:26.940 at night early in the morning of a 936 00:44:26.940 --> 00:44:29.700 certainly I saw it uh I want to say 937 00:44:29.700 --> 00:44:31.200 first thing in the morning because I had 938 00:44:31.200 --> 00:44:33.599 just come back from Ottawa I was in 939 00:44:33.599 --> 00:44:34.440 Ottawa for 940 00:44:34.440 --> 00:44:36.660 so he saw the email first thing in the 941 00:44:36.660 --> 00:44:38.280 morning 942 00:44:38.280 --> 00:44:41.700 he had just come back from Ottawa 943 00:44:41.700 --> 00:44:43.440 things like fingerprints blood samples 944 00:44:43.440 --> 00:44:45.599 things like that yeah okay 945 00:44:45.599 --> 00:44:47.460 um the only two pieces of evidence that 946 00:44:47.460 --> 00:44:49.200 police had acquired at this point in 947 00:44:49.200 --> 00:44:50.940 time were the tire tracks and the 948 00:44:50.940 --> 00:44:52.800 footprints outside the missing person's 949 00:44:52.800 --> 00:44:54.239 residence 950 00:44:54.239 --> 00:44:58.140 at this point in time is a pastime 951 00:44:58.140 --> 00:45:00.839 before this the police had acquired tire 952 00:45:00.839 --> 00:45:06.079 tracks and Footprints as evidence 953 00:45:07.099 --> 00:45:10.800 right let's compare the past simple and 954 00:45:10.800 --> 00:45:13.680 the past perfect 955 00:45:13.680 --> 00:45:16.440 Kim had taken the TOEFL exam Kim took 956 00:45:16.440 --> 00:45:17.880 the TOEFL exam 957 00:45:17.880 --> 00:45:20.839 Jane had lived in Canada for 22 years 958 00:45:20.839 --> 00:45:24.839 Jane lived in Canada for 22 years 959 00:45:24.839 --> 00:45:28.980 I had had long hair my entire life or I 960 00:45:28.980 --> 00:45:32.460 had long hair my entire life the past 961 00:45:32.460 --> 00:45:35.280 perfect actions again are actions that 962 00:45:35.280 --> 00:45:37.980 happened before another past action 963 00:45:37.980 --> 00:45:40.619 so in these examples here a few things 964 00:45:40.619 --> 00:45:41.760 are missing 965 00:45:41.760 --> 00:45:44.460 in the past perfect column we don't have 966 00:45:44.460 --> 00:45:47.099 that other past action as a reference 967 00:45:47.099 --> 00:45:49.260 and what am I missing in my past simple 968 00:45:49.260 --> 00:45:50.280 column 969 00:45:50.280 --> 00:45:52.260 the specific time 970 00:45:52.260 --> 00:45:53.640 hmm 971 00:45:53.640 --> 00:45:56.760 but something doesn't feel right 972 00:45:56.760 --> 00:46:00.660 I had long hair my entire life past 973 00:46:00.660 --> 00:46:02.960 simple 974 00:46:03.119 --> 00:46:05.280 am I still alive 975 00:46:05.280 --> 00:46:06.660 yes 976 00:46:06.660 --> 00:46:09.180 would I use past simple 977 00:46:09.180 --> 00:46:12.300 no in this case here you do need to look 978 00:46:12.300 --> 00:46:14.940 at the situation what temps would I use 979 00:46:14.940 --> 00:46:17.880 to describe a past to present connection 980 00:46:17.880 --> 00:46:21.000 present perfect I've had long hair my 981 00:46:21.000 --> 00:46:22.219 entire life 982 00:46:22.219 --> 00:46:25.440 I could say I mean I could talk about 983 00:46:25.440 --> 00:46:27.719 someone else someone who is no longer 984 00:46:27.719 --> 00:46:29.219 alive 985 00:46:29.219 --> 00:46:32.880 Mary Smith had long hair her entire life 986 00:46:32.880 --> 00:46:36.239 that works so whenever you use a tense 987 00:46:36.239 --> 00:46:38.880 you can't only look at the grammar you 988 00:46:38.880 --> 00:46:40.920 also need to look at the logic of the 989 00:46:40.920 --> 00:46:43.339 situation 990 00:46:43.339 --> 00:46:47.160 it's time for the future perfect 991 00:46:47.160 --> 00:46:49.560 and yep I'm going to use the same 992 00:46:49.560 --> 00:46:51.900 example so again you can see how similar 993 00:46:51.900 --> 00:46:53.760 they are you just need to move the 994 00:46:53.760 --> 00:46:56.280 period to the present the past or the 995 00:46:56.280 --> 00:46:58.460 future 996 00:46:58.560 --> 00:47:01.380 the future perfect a completed action 997 00:47:01.380 --> 00:47:07.460 when before another Future Point 998 00:47:07.640 --> 00:47:10.020 everyone has been to more countries than 999 00:47:10.020 --> 00:47:12.260 me 1000 00:47:12.660 --> 00:47:14.839 you're going on a trip throughout Europe 1001 00:47:14.839 --> 00:47:17.339 by the end of the summer 1002 00:47:17.339 --> 00:47:20.760 you will have been to France Germany and 1003 00:47:20.760 --> 00:47:23.819 Spain that's more than most people 1004 00:47:23.819 --> 00:47:26.640 what's my future Point by the end of the 1005 00:47:26.640 --> 00:47:27.420 summer 1006 00:47:27.420 --> 00:47:30.780 what will have happened before then 1007 00:47:30.780 --> 00:47:34.079 I will have been to France Germany and 1008 00:47:34.079 --> 00:47:36.060 Spain 1009 00:47:36.060 --> 00:47:38.579 Kim is so stressed about her TOEFL exam 1010 00:47:38.579 --> 00:47:41.540 she can't sleep 1011 00:47:41.579 --> 00:47:44.880 in a few days she will have finished her 1012 00:47:44.880 --> 00:47:47.640 TOEFL exam 1013 00:47:47.640 --> 00:47:50.760 what's my future point in a few days 1014 00:47:50.760 --> 00:47:53.819 what will have been finished by then 1015 00:47:53.819 --> 00:47:57.359 Kim will have taken her TOEFL exam 1016 00:47:57.359 --> 00:47:59.640 I wanted to surprise my parents by 1017 00:47:59.640 --> 00:48:01.619 showing them my new house 1018 00:48:01.619 --> 00:48:04.380 but by the time I show them my new house 1019 00:48:04.380 --> 00:48:07.859 Future Point they will have already seen 1020 00:48:07.859 --> 00:48:10.440 it on Instagram 1021 00:48:10.440 --> 00:48:13.680 okay let's keep going and you might know 1022 00:48:13.680 --> 00:48:15.300 what's coming next 1023 00:48:15.300 --> 00:48:17.520 we can use a future perk for an action 1024 00:48:17.520 --> 00:48:20.099 that continues up to another Future 1025 00:48:20.099 --> 00:48:21.680 Point 1026 00:48:21.680 --> 00:48:25.380 Jane has lived in Canada for a very long 1027 00:48:25.380 --> 00:48:27.000 time 1028 00:48:27.000 --> 00:48:31.020 by 2025 she will have lived in Canada 1029 00:48:31.020 --> 00:48:33.920 for 22 years 1030 00:48:33.920 --> 00:48:37.380 and this action can either start in the 1031 00:48:37.380 --> 00:48:38.520 past 1032 00:48:38.520 --> 00:48:41.760 the present or in the future we don't 1033 00:48:41.760 --> 00:48:45.800 really know it depends on the situation 1034 00:48:46.500 --> 00:48:50.219 how long has Dan been your assistant 1035 00:48:50.219 --> 00:48:54.180 let me see I hired him on my birthday so 1036 00:48:54.180 --> 00:48:57.420 on my next birthday he will have been 1037 00:48:57.420 --> 00:49:00.239 with me for eight years 1038 00:49:00.239 --> 00:49:03.599 you can see an action that continued up 1039 00:49:03.599 --> 00:49:06.780 to another Future Point 1040 00:49:06.780 --> 00:49:09.660 how to compare let's compare the future 1041 00:49:09.660 --> 00:49:13.200 simple and the future perfect 1042 00:49:13.200 --> 00:49:16.079 you can see my two columns here future 1043 00:49:16.079 --> 00:49:19.440 perfect and future simple 1044 00:49:19.440 --> 00:49:22.619 the future perfect emphasizes what 1045 00:49:22.619 --> 00:49:24.900 doesn't emphasize a completed action 1046 00:49:24.900 --> 00:49:27.359 before another Future Point that's 1047 00:49:27.359 --> 00:49:28.859 really important 1048 00:49:28.859 --> 00:49:31.380 completed before a future point or 1049 00:49:31.380 --> 00:49:34.500 continued up to a future point 1050 00:49:34.500 --> 00:49:37.619 the future simple does not depend on 1051 00:49:37.619 --> 00:49:40.079 anything in the future it's just when 1052 00:49:40.079 --> 00:49:43.079 something will happen 1053 00:49:43.079 --> 00:49:45.960 your turn to practice here is your 1054 00:49:45.960 --> 00:49:48.719 homework what is something you have done 1055 00:49:48.719 --> 00:49:51.719 that you are proud of 1056 00:49:51.719 --> 00:49:55.079 past perfect what is something you had 1057 00:49:55.079 --> 00:49:58.160 done before you turned 18. 1058 00:49:58.160 --> 00:50:01.260 if you're not 18 yet 1059 00:50:01.260 --> 00:50:03.960 think of a different example 1060 00:50:03.960 --> 00:50:05.839 future perfect 1061 00:50:05.839 --> 00:50:09.359 what is something you will have done by 1062 00:50:09.359 --> 00:50:11.339 the time you turn 1063 00:50:11.339 --> 00:50:13.940 100 1064 00:50:14.880 --> 00:50:17.339 use these questions to help you practice 1065 00:50:17.339 --> 00:50:22.619 and think of really personal examples 1066 00:50:22.619 --> 00:50:26.819 perfect tenses review the perfect tenses 1067 00:50:26.819 --> 00:50:28.920 emphasize a completed action before 1068 00:50:28.920 --> 00:50:31.260 something else 1069 00:50:31.260 --> 00:50:33.660 I have taught the present perfect many 1070 00:50:33.660 --> 00:50:36.060 times before now 1071 00:50:36.060 --> 00:50:38.760 when I completed my teacher training 1072 00:50:38.760 --> 00:50:41.160 course I had not taught the present 1073 00:50:41.160 --> 00:50:43.739 perfect at all 1074 00:50:43.739 --> 00:50:47.640 by the time I turned 40 I will have 1075 00:50:47.640 --> 00:50:51.599 taught the present perfect many times 1076 00:50:51.599 --> 00:50:54.180 the perfect tenses also describe an 1077 00:50:54.180 --> 00:50:56.280 action that continues up to another 1078 00:50:56.280 --> 00:50:57.839 point 1079 00:50:57.839 --> 00:51:00.420 present perfect I have been a teacher 1080 00:51:00.420 --> 00:51:02.400 for 12 years 1081 00:51:02.400 --> 00:51:03.960 up to now 1082 00:51:03.960 --> 00:51:07.920 by 2011 I had been a teacher for only 1083 00:51:07.920 --> 00:51:10.460 one year 1084 00:51:10.460 --> 00:51:13.140 in nine years 1085 00:51:13.140 --> 00:51:16.020 oh I will have been a teacher for half 1086 00:51:16.020 --> 00:51:19.170 of my life 1087 00:51:19.170 --> 00:51:22.289 [Music] 1088 00:51:22.800 --> 00:51:25.260 present perfect continuous 1089 00:51:25.260 --> 00:51:28.140 past perfect continuous future perfect 1090 00:51:28.140 --> 00:51:30.480 continuous 1091 00:51:30.480 --> 00:51:33.000 present perfect continuous 1092 00:51:33.000 --> 00:51:39.119 subject have or has been plus a verb ing 1093 00:51:39.119 --> 00:51:42.300 remember to choose have or has depending 1094 00:51:42.300 --> 00:51:45.559 on your subject 1095 00:51:45.559 --> 00:51:48.839 the pie has been baking 1096 00:51:48.839 --> 00:51:53.579 negative the pie has not been baking 1097 00:51:53.579 --> 00:51:58.020 question has the pie have been baking 1098 00:51:58.020 --> 00:52:00.719 past perfect continuous 1099 00:52:00.719 --> 00:52:01.920 subject 1100 00:52:01.920 --> 00:52:06.119 had been plus a verb ing 1101 00:52:06.119 --> 00:52:09.300 the good news is we use had been for all 1102 00:52:09.300 --> 00:52:10.559 subjects 1103 00:52:10.559 --> 00:52:13.200 the pie had been baking 1104 00:52:13.200 --> 00:52:17.460 negative the pie had not been baking 1105 00:52:17.460 --> 00:52:20.640 have the pie been baking 1106 00:52:20.640 --> 00:52:23.760 future perfect continuous 1107 00:52:23.760 --> 00:52:29.339 subject will have been plus verb ing 1108 00:52:29.339 --> 00:52:34.520 we use will have been for all subjects 1109 00:52:34.800 --> 00:52:37.619 the buy will have been baking 1110 00:52:37.619 --> 00:52:40.380 the pie will not happen baking 1111 00:52:40.380 --> 00:52:43.440 will the pie have been baking 1112 00:52:43.440 --> 00:52:45.180 in this lesson I will keep the 1113 00:52:45.180 --> 00:52:47.280 grammatical structures highlighted for 1114 00:52:47.280 --> 00:52:48.359 you 1115 00:52:48.359 --> 00:52:53.099 okay so how do we use these tenses 1116 00:52:53.099 --> 00:52:55.319 I have my timelines and the examples 1117 00:52:55.319 --> 00:52:57.660 we've just looked at the pie has been 1118 00:52:57.660 --> 00:53:00.839 baking the pie had been baking the pie 1119 00:53:00.839 --> 00:53:02.579 will happen baking 1120 00:53:02.579 --> 00:53:05.460 the perfect continuous tenses emphasize 1121 00:53:05.460 --> 00:53:08.880 an action that continues up to another 1122 00:53:08.880 --> 00:53:09.960 point 1123 00:53:09.960 --> 00:53:15.619 and the emphasis is on duration how long 1124 00:53:15.619 --> 00:53:18.599 wait wait wait 1125 00:53:18.599 --> 00:53:22.619 duration how long 1126 00:53:22.619 --> 00:53:25.319 remember earlier in the series you're 1127 00:53:25.319 --> 00:53:27.540 explaining the present perfect and you 1128 00:53:27.540 --> 00:53:29.520 said this 1129 00:53:29.520 --> 00:53:32.040 for 22 years 1130 00:53:32.040 --> 00:53:34.140 my entire life 1131 00:53:34.140 --> 00:53:36.420 since kindergarten 1132 00:53:36.420 --> 00:53:39.780 all of these tell us how long and this 1133 00:53:39.780 --> 00:53:43.880 is really common in the present perfect 1134 00:53:44.579 --> 00:53:48.000 okay if how long is important in the 1135 00:53:48.000 --> 00:53:49.859 present perfect and the present perfect 1136 00:53:49.859 --> 00:53:53.099 continuous what is the difference I am 1137 00:53:53.099 --> 00:53:54.359 confused 1138 00:53:54.359 --> 00:53:56.160 we need 1139 00:53:56.160 --> 00:53:57.920 a grammar web 1140 00:53:57.920 --> 00:54:01.110 [Music] 1141 00:54:02.400 --> 00:54:04.980 Arnel Square merweb 1142 00:54:04.980 --> 00:54:07.500 I created this web to help you make a 1143 00:54:07.500 --> 00:54:09.359 decision 1144 00:54:09.359 --> 00:54:12.300 don't start with present perfect or 1145 00:54:12.300 --> 00:54:14.219 present perfect continuous 1146 00:54:14.219 --> 00:54:16.859 no use this web 1147 00:54:16.859 --> 00:54:21.480 first is your verb dynamic or stative 1148 00:54:21.480 --> 00:54:25.619 let's choose a simple Dynamic verb 1149 00:54:25.619 --> 00:54:28.200 it is dynamic 1150 00:54:28.200 --> 00:54:30.780 do I want to emphasize a completed 1151 00:54:30.780 --> 00:54:33.540 action or an ongoing action 1152 00:54:33.540 --> 00:54:37.920 ongoing means still continuing 1153 00:54:37.920 --> 00:54:39.839 let's choose completed 1154 00:54:39.839 --> 00:54:42.359 if your action is completed and 1155 00:54:42.359 --> 00:54:44.819 connected to the present you need the 1156 00:54:44.819 --> 00:54:46.380 present perfect simple 1157 00:54:46.380 --> 00:54:49.619 the guests have eaten the main course 1158 00:54:49.619 --> 00:54:50.880 completed 1159 00:54:50.880 --> 00:54:54.420 now it's time for dessert 1160 00:54:54.420 --> 00:54:57.839 let's try with ongoing and you can see 1161 00:54:57.839 --> 00:55:00.480 if your action is ongoing you need the 1162 00:55:00.480 --> 00:55:02.819 present perfect continuous 1163 00:55:02.819 --> 00:55:05.760 the guests have been eating and they are 1164 00:55:05.760 --> 00:55:06.960 still eating 1165 00:55:06.960 --> 00:55:10.739 duration all evening you can see you 1166 00:55:10.739 --> 00:55:12.660 need present evidence 1167 00:55:12.660 --> 00:55:14.520 what's the present evidence of this 1168 00:55:14.520 --> 00:55:15.660 action 1169 00:55:15.660 --> 00:55:18.059 well you keep putting food out for the 1170 00:55:18.059 --> 00:55:20.339 guests and they keep eating 1171 00:55:20.339 --> 00:55:22.260 I mean you can literally see people 1172 00:55:22.260 --> 00:55:24.680 chewing 1173 00:55:24.680 --> 00:55:28.579 and duration isn't always necessary 1174 00:55:28.579 --> 00:55:31.739 sometimes in a situation the duration is 1175 00:55:31.739 --> 00:55:33.119 obvious 1176 00:55:33.119 --> 00:55:36.319 let's try another verb be 1177 00:55:36.319 --> 00:55:40.079 is a stated verb can State a verbs be 1178 00:55:40.079 --> 00:55:43.739 used in a continuous tense no so this 1179 00:55:43.739 --> 00:55:46.559 makes life easy with stated verbs 1180 00:55:46.559 --> 00:55:49.980 continuous tenses are not an option 1181 00:55:49.980 --> 00:55:52.200 but you still need to choose between a 1182 00:55:52.200 --> 00:55:54.900 completed and ongoing action 1183 00:55:54.900 --> 00:55:58.020 okay do I want to be completed or 1184 00:55:58.020 --> 00:55:59.160 ongoing 1185 00:55:59.160 --> 00:56:01.260 let's choose completed 1186 00:56:01.260 --> 00:56:03.859 if it's completed it's a past experience 1187 00:56:03.859 --> 00:56:06.780 I've had many jobs in my life 1188 00:56:06.780 --> 00:56:09.780 I have been a dog walker 1189 00:56:09.780 --> 00:56:11.460 a babysitter 1190 00:56:11.460 --> 00:56:14.940 a florist and a nurse 1191 00:56:14.940 --> 00:56:17.520 am I any of these things now 1192 00:56:17.520 --> 00:56:19.619 completed 1193 00:56:19.619 --> 00:56:22.920 now let's choose ongoing 1194 00:56:22.920 --> 00:56:27.660 I have been a nurse duration since 2015. 1195 00:56:27.660 --> 00:56:30.059 what is my evidence of this ongoing 1196 00:56:30.059 --> 00:56:31.079 state 1197 00:56:31.079 --> 00:56:33.780 well I go to the hospital every day it's 1198 00:56:33.780 --> 00:56:35.160 my job 1199 00:56:35.160 --> 00:56:37.880 so in this lesson keep my grammar web 1200 00:56:37.880 --> 00:56:40.260 Arnel scram or web 1201 00:56:40.260 --> 00:56:42.719 in mind 1202 00:56:42.719 --> 00:56:45.780 the present perfect continuous 1203 00:56:45.780 --> 00:56:48.619 the pie has been baking for 20 minutes 1204 00:56:48.619 --> 00:56:52.739 and the kitchen smells wonderful 1205 00:56:52.739 --> 00:56:55.079 and action started in the past 1206 00:56:55.079 --> 00:56:58.700 it continues up to the present and it is 1207 00:56:58.700 --> 00:57:03.300 ongoing the pie is still in the oven 1208 00:57:03.300 --> 00:57:06.119 what's my evidence here well I can see 1209 00:57:06.119 --> 00:57:08.760 the pie baking in the oven and the 1210 00:57:08.760 --> 00:57:11.960 kitchen smells wonderful 1211 00:57:11.960 --> 00:57:16.380 it has been raining non-stop it's still 1212 00:57:16.380 --> 00:57:20.940 raining if I want I could add four days 1213 00:57:20.940 --> 00:57:23.819 or four weeks but non-stop kind of 1214 00:57:23.819 --> 00:57:26.819 already emphasizes the duration 1215 00:57:26.819 --> 00:57:28.740 what evidence do I have 1216 00:57:28.740 --> 00:57:31.740 well I can see it's raining and maybe 1217 00:57:31.740 --> 00:57:33.420 outside there are large puddles 1218 00:57:33.420 --> 00:57:35.700 everywhere 1219 00:57:35.700 --> 00:57:38.640 our solar panels have been providing US 1220 00:57:38.640 --> 00:57:41.099 Energy since we put them up and this is 1221 00:57:41.099 --> 00:57:43.500 ongoing they will continue to provide us 1222 00:57:43.500 --> 00:57:45.300 energy 1223 00:57:45.300 --> 00:57:48.780 what's my evidence well now we have 1224 00:57:48.780 --> 00:57:51.000 electricity 1225 00:57:51.000 --> 00:57:54.119 so far I mentioned ongoing a few times 1226 00:57:54.119 --> 00:57:56.220 the actions are ongoing they're 1227 00:57:56.220 --> 00:57:57.359 continuing 1228 00:57:57.359 --> 00:58:00.300 however many note with the present 1229 00:58:00.300 --> 00:58:03.119 perfect continuous the action could be 1230 00:58:03.119 --> 00:58:06.660 ongoing or the action could have stopped 1231 00:58:06.660 --> 00:58:09.300 just before the present time 1232 00:58:09.300 --> 00:58:11.160 so if I say 1233 00:58:11.160 --> 00:58:14.760 sorry I'm sweaty I've been running 1234 00:58:14.760 --> 00:58:17.400 maybe I'm done running but there's still 1235 00:58:17.400 --> 00:58:19.440 evidence of that recently finished 1236 00:58:19.440 --> 00:58:23.339 action watch my evidence well I'm all 1237 00:58:23.339 --> 00:58:25.339 sweaty 1238 00:58:25.339 --> 00:58:28.140 we've looked at four examples of the 1239 00:58:28.140 --> 00:58:30.540 present perfect continuous what do we 1240 00:58:30.540 --> 00:58:32.760 need to do now we need to compare this 1241 00:58:32.760 --> 00:58:36.119 tense to the other tenses are you ready 1242 00:58:36.119 --> 00:58:38.880 the present perfect continuous the pie 1243 00:58:38.880 --> 00:58:41.220 has been baking the oven for 20 minutes 1244 00:58:41.220 --> 00:58:43.740 and the kitchen smells wonderful 1245 00:58:43.740 --> 00:58:45.839 an action start in the past and 1246 00:58:45.839 --> 00:58:48.240 continues up to the present and is 1247 00:58:48.240 --> 00:58:50.880 ongoing what's my evidence 1248 00:58:50.880 --> 00:58:53.880 kitchen smells wonderful 1249 00:58:53.880 --> 00:58:55.799 present perfect 1250 00:58:55.799 --> 00:58:58.920 the pie has baked cooled and is now 1251 00:58:58.920 --> 00:59:01.260 ready to cut this is a completed past 1252 00:59:01.260 --> 00:59:04.740 action the pie is out of the oven when 1253 00:59:04.740 --> 00:59:06.900 did this action happen it doesn't matter 1254 00:59:06.900 --> 00:59:09.720 before now 1255 00:59:09.720 --> 00:59:11.640 past simple 1256 00:59:11.640 --> 00:59:14.700 the pie baked beautifully yesterday and 1257 00:59:14.700 --> 00:59:17.040 everyone enjoyed it 1258 00:59:17.040 --> 00:59:20.160 completed past action but now I include 1259 00:59:20.160 --> 00:59:22.640 a specific time yesterday 1260 00:59:22.640 --> 00:59:25.740 and you can see I'm changing my example 1261 00:59:25.740 --> 00:59:29.000 slightly to fit the tenses 1262 00:59:29.000 --> 00:59:32.400 present continuous the pot is baking now 1263 00:59:32.400 --> 00:59:34.319 don't turn off the oven 1264 00:59:34.319 --> 00:59:37.319 I'm focusing on the action now remember 1265 00:59:37.319 --> 00:59:40.020 we do not use a present continuous for a 1266 00:59:40.020 --> 00:59:42.540 past to present connection 1267 00:59:42.540 --> 00:59:45.780 I want you to take a look at a mini clip 1268 00:59:45.780 --> 00:59:46.859 here 1269 00:59:46.859 --> 00:59:49.200 in this clip we see two strangers on a 1270 00:59:49.200 --> 00:59:51.660 train they don't know each other but we 1271 00:59:51.660 --> 00:59:53.640 will hear a nice combination of a few 1272 00:59:53.640 --> 00:59:55.880 tenses how about you where are you going 1273 00:59:55.880 --> 00:59:58.200 I'm going to Vienna 1274 00:59:58.200 --> 01:00:00.599 Jenna what's there I have no idea I'm 1275 01:00:00.599 --> 01:00:02.460 flying out of there tomorrow you're on 1276 01:00:02.460 --> 01:00:04.859 holiday uh 1277 01:00:04.859 --> 01:00:07.020 yeah 1278 01:00:07.020 --> 01:00:09.240 uh I don't really know what I'm on you 1279 01:00:09.240 --> 01:00:11.400 know okay just uh I'm just traveling 1280 01:00:11.400 --> 01:00:13.380 around I've been riding the trains for 1281 01:00:13.380 --> 01:00:15.299 the past two three weeks you are 1282 01:00:15.299 --> 01:00:17.760 visiting friends or just on your own 1283 01:00:17.760 --> 01:00:19.559 present continuous because this is 1284 01:00:19.559 --> 01:00:21.960 happening now 1285 01:00:21.960 --> 01:00:24.180 I have no idea I'm flying out there 1286 01:00:24.180 --> 01:00:25.380 tomorrow 1287 01:00:25.380 --> 01:00:29.160 this present continuous is a future plan 1288 01:00:29.160 --> 01:00:31.260 it's definitely happening 1289 01:00:31.260 --> 01:00:33.839 he will already have his plane ticket 1290 01:00:33.839 --> 01:00:36.180 I'm just traveling around 1291 01:00:36.180 --> 01:00:38.099 present continuous because he's doing 1292 01:00:38.099 --> 01:00:40.980 this now I've been riding the trains for 1293 01:00:40.980 --> 01:00:44.819 the past two three weeks yes now we see 1294 01:00:44.819 --> 01:00:47.220 the present perfect continuous because 1295 01:00:47.220 --> 01:00:49.020 this started in the past 1296 01:00:49.020 --> 01:00:51.900 continues up to their present and now he 1297 01:00:51.900 --> 01:00:57.140 is still on the train this is ongoing 1298 01:00:58.020 --> 01:01:01.799 the verbs live and work are not stated 1299 01:01:01.799 --> 01:01:04.380 verbs they are Dynamic verbs 1300 01:01:04.380 --> 01:01:07.799 but where we live and where we work are 1301 01:01:07.799 --> 01:01:10.380 kind of like States right they don't 1302 01:01:10.380 --> 01:01:14.040 change often we can use these two verbs 1303 01:01:14.040 --> 01:01:17.400 live and work interchangeably with the 1304 01:01:17.400 --> 01:01:19.319 present perfect and the present perfect 1305 01:01:19.319 --> 01:01:22.500 continuous and there is no difference in 1306 01:01:22.500 --> 01:01:23.640 meaning 1307 01:01:23.640 --> 01:01:27.359 some people may choose the perfect the 1308 01:01:27.359 --> 01:01:29.040 present perfect continuous to really 1309 01:01:29.040 --> 01:01:32.160 emphasize the duration but really you 1310 01:01:32.160 --> 01:01:33.960 can comfortably use these and don't 1311 01:01:33.960 --> 01:01:36.920 worry about the difference 1312 01:01:37.140 --> 01:01:40.440 past perfect continuous 1313 01:01:40.440 --> 01:01:43.020 when I checked on the pie 1314 01:01:43.020 --> 01:01:47.220 it had been baking for 20 minutes 1315 01:01:47.220 --> 01:01:51.119 just like the past perfect simple we 1316 01:01:51.119 --> 01:01:53.780 need to use another past action 1317 01:01:53.780 --> 01:01:57.240 why because the past perfect continuous 1318 01:01:57.240 --> 01:02:00.960 emphasizes a past action that continues 1319 01:02:00.960 --> 01:02:05.059 up to another past point and is ongoing 1320 01:02:05.059 --> 01:02:07.859 was the pie still baking when I checked 1321 01:02:07.859 --> 01:02:10.859 on it yes it's actually just like the 1322 01:02:10.859 --> 01:02:13.079 present perfect continuous but we move 1323 01:02:13.079 --> 01:02:16.280 it to the Past 1324 01:02:16.380 --> 01:02:20.280 the river burst its banks as it had been 1325 01:02:20.280 --> 01:02:22.460 pouring for days 1326 01:02:22.460 --> 01:02:26.339 and if a river bursts its banks that's 1327 01:02:26.339 --> 01:02:29.280 really hard to say burst its banks it 1328 01:02:29.280 --> 01:02:31.980 means that um the river is so full the 1329 01:02:31.980 --> 01:02:34.559 water starts to go on the land you can 1330 01:02:34.559 --> 01:02:37.280 see that past perfect continuous action 1331 01:02:37.280 --> 01:02:40.740 continued up to another pass point and 1332 01:02:40.740 --> 01:02:43.880 was probably ongoing 1333 01:02:43.880 --> 01:02:46.380 I want you to take a look at another 1334 01:02:46.380 --> 01:02:48.960 mini clip 1335 01:02:48.960 --> 01:02:52.200 this is just a business meeting 1336 01:02:52.200 --> 01:02:53.880 when they work on our risk Department 1337 01:02:53.880 --> 01:02:55.920 where's Eric Dale 1338 01:02:55.920 --> 01:02:57.839 he was let go today 1339 01:02:57.839 --> 01:03:00.119 he was let go today 1340 01:03:00.119 --> 01:03:03.299 and let go means fired Eric Dale was 1341 01:03:03.299 --> 01:03:06.380 fired half simple with a specific time 1342 01:03:06.380 --> 01:03:11.240 obviously today means earlier today 1343 01:03:11.240 --> 01:03:13.260 apparently Eric had been working on this 1344 01:03:13.260 --> 01:03:14.640 for some time but he wasn't able to 1345 01:03:14.640 --> 01:03:16.460 finish it this morning as he left 1346 01:03:16.460 --> 01:03:18.960 apparently Eric had been working on this 1347 01:03:18.960 --> 01:03:21.059 for some time but he wasn't able to 1348 01:03:21.059 --> 01:03:22.500 finish it 1349 01:03:22.500 --> 01:03:25.020 so the past perfect continuous goes up 1350 01:03:25.020 --> 01:03:28.760 to the moment Eric was fired 1351 01:03:29.339 --> 01:03:31.859 Arnel Square merweb 1352 01:03:31.859 --> 01:03:34.920 verb work work is dynamic 1353 01:03:34.920 --> 01:03:37.079 was it completed or ongoing 1354 01:03:37.079 --> 01:03:39.299 well ongoing because he was still 1355 01:03:39.299 --> 01:03:41.280 working on it when he got fired 1356 01:03:41.280 --> 01:03:44.760 duration for some time 1357 01:03:44.760 --> 01:03:49.319 and evidence records talking to Eric 1358 01:03:49.319 --> 01:03:51.440 Etc 1359 01:03:52.020 --> 01:03:54.839 right it's time to compare the past 1360 01:03:54.839 --> 01:03:57.720 perfect continuous with other tenses 1361 01:03:57.720 --> 01:03:59.819 when I checked on the pie it had been 1362 01:03:59.819 --> 01:04:01.799 baking for 20 minutes 1363 01:04:01.799 --> 01:04:05.579 Past Perfect by the time I took the pie 1364 01:04:05.579 --> 01:04:08.400 out of the oven its crust had turned 1365 01:04:08.400 --> 01:04:11.000 golden brown 1366 01:04:11.160 --> 01:04:13.920 with the past perfect I'm emphasizing a 1367 01:04:13.920 --> 01:04:15.839 completed action before another past 1368 01:04:15.839 --> 01:04:18.960 action I'm not really interested in the 1369 01:04:18.960 --> 01:04:22.740 ongoing past action at a certain point 1370 01:04:22.740 --> 01:04:25.920 past simple the other day I was really 1371 01:04:25.920 --> 01:04:28.500 in the mood to do some baking so I baked 1372 01:04:28.500 --> 01:04:32.040 a pie past simple specific time the 1373 01:04:32.040 --> 01:04:34.799 other day and the other day means 1374 01:04:34.799 --> 01:04:37.920 recently in the past maybe two to three 1375 01:04:37.920 --> 01:04:40.559 days ago the past simple is not 1376 01:04:40.559 --> 01:04:44.420 dependent on another pass point 1377 01:04:44.520 --> 01:04:47.099 continuous the pie was baking in the 1378 01:04:47.099 --> 01:04:48.000 oven 1379 01:04:48.000 --> 01:04:50.520 when we had a power cut 1380 01:04:50.520 --> 01:04:53.339 am I emphasizing the duration like the 1381 01:04:53.339 --> 01:04:56.579 past perfect continuous no the past 1382 01:04:56.579 --> 01:04:58.680 continuous is giving me the background 1383 01:04:58.680 --> 01:05:00.660 the background action that was 1384 01:05:00.660 --> 01:05:02.819 interrupted by another 1385 01:05:02.819 --> 01:05:05.280 action 1386 01:05:05.280 --> 01:05:09.839 okay future perfect continuous how are 1387 01:05:09.839 --> 01:05:11.660 you feeling 1388 01:05:11.660 --> 01:05:15.559 when will the pie be ready 1389 01:05:15.599 --> 01:05:18.540 um in 10 minutes the pie will have been 1390 01:05:18.540 --> 01:05:21.180 baking for 20 minutes and it will need 1391 01:05:21.180 --> 01:05:24.799 another 15 minutes after that 1392 01:05:24.799 --> 01:05:27.240 can you see how similar the future 1393 01:05:27.240 --> 01:05:30.059 perfect continues is to the other two 1394 01:05:30.059 --> 01:05:33.660 perfect continuous tenses 1395 01:05:33.660 --> 01:05:36.420 the news says it's going to rain for 1396 01:05:36.420 --> 01:05:38.050 another three days 1397 01:05:38.050 --> 01:05:39.720 [Music] 1398 01:05:39.720 --> 01:05:42.780 okay so by Friday it will have been 1399 01:05:42.780 --> 01:05:45.740 raining for eight days great 1400 01:05:45.740 --> 01:05:48.960 how are your solar panels holding up 1401 01:05:48.960 --> 01:05:51.599 holding up means surviving how are your 1402 01:05:51.599 --> 01:05:53.700 solar panels surviving 1403 01:05:53.700 --> 01:05:57.000 great next month they will have been 1404 01:05:57.000 --> 01:06:01.020 providing us energy for exactly one year 1405 01:06:01.020 --> 01:06:02.700 remember with the future perfect 1406 01:06:02.700 --> 01:06:06.119 continuous this ongoing action could 1407 01:06:06.119 --> 01:06:07.920 have started in the past 1408 01:06:07.920 --> 01:06:09.299 the present 1409 01:06:09.299 --> 01:06:12.119 or the future it really depends on the 1410 01:06:12.119 --> 01:06:13.319 situation 1411 01:06:13.319 --> 01:06:16.559 I will say the future perfect continuous 1412 01:06:16.559 --> 01:06:19.799 tense really is the least common tense 1413 01:06:19.799 --> 01:06:22.079 in English 1414 01:06:22.079 --> 01:06:24.119 um it's not really heard in spoken 1415 01:06:24.119 --> 01:06:26.400 English but I did find some great 1416 01:06:26.400 --> 01:06:30.660 examples in written English 1417 01:06:30.660 --> 01:06:35.099 here's an article from economist.com 1418 01:06:35.460 --> 01:06:38.280 at the end of July 1419 01:06:38.280 --> 01:06:40.680 America's economy will have been growing 1420 01:06:40.680 --> 01:06:44.420 for 121 months 1421 01:06:44.700 --> 01:06:49.400 there's expectation that this is ongoing 1422 01:06:51.599 --> 01:06:54.480 and here's one from homeserve.com 1423 01:06:54.480 --> 01:06:57.059 Smart Energy users will have been using 1424 01:06:57.059 --> 01:07:00.299 their fans throughout the winter too as 1425 01:07:00.299 --> 01:07:04.400 a way to encourage warm air distribution 1426 01:07:06.180 --> 01:07:08.579 let's try this again with this sentence 1427 01:07:08.579 --> 01:07:11.119 grow 1428 01:07:11.119 --> 01:07:12.780 dynamic 1429 01:07:12.780 --> 01:07:15.299 ongoing 1430 01:07:15.299 --> 01:07:16.940 duration 1431 01:07:16.940 --> 01:07:19.200 121 months 1432 01:07:19.200 --> 01:07:22.619 evidence well whoever wrote this article 1433 01:07:22.619 --> 01:07:24.599 just needs to calculate from the 1434 01:07:24.599 --> 01:07:27.180 starting point to the end of July and 1435 01:07:27.180 --> 01:07:30.200 count how many months there are 1436 01:07:30.200 --> 01:07:32.880 your turn to practice here is your 1437 01:07:32.880 --> 01:07:35.700 homework what is something you have been 1438 01:07:35.700 --> 01:07:38.280 doing recently and that you will 1439 01:07:38.280 --> 01:07:41.039 probably continue to do 1440 01:07:41.039 --> 01:07:43.859 I've been making a lot of banana mango 1441 01:07:43.859 --> 01:07:47.299 smoothies so good 1442 01:07:47.900 --> 01:07:50.640 what is something you had been doing 1443 01:07:50.640 --> 01:07:53.039 before the pandemic to improve your 1444 01:07:53.039 --> 01:07:54.539 English 1445 01:07:54.539 --> 01:07:57.420 by the end of this year what will you 1446 01:07:57.420 --> 01:08:00.119 have been doing to improve your English 1447 01:08:00.119 --> 01:08:02.339 give me your comments down below I would 1448 01:08:02.339 --> 01:08:04.319 love to hear from you 1449 01:08:04.319 --> 01:08:07.440 perfect continuous review the perfect 1450 01:08:07.440 --> 01:08:09.960 continuous actions continue up to 1451 01:08:09.960 --> 01:08:11.579 another point 1452 01:08:11.579 --> 01:08:15.119 present perfect continuous up to now I 1453 01:08:15.119 --> 01:08:18.960 have been practicing this song for days 1454 01:08:18.960 --> 01:08:21.660 the past perfect continuous and action 1455 01:08:21.660 --> 01:08:24.719 continues up to another past point 1456 01:08:24.719 --> 01:08:28.080 by the time I perform the song I had 1457 01:08:28.080 --> 01:08:31.100 been practicing for months 1458 01:08:31.100 --> 01:08:33.960 future perfect continuous the action 1459 01:08:33.960 --> 01:08:37.140 continues up to another Future Point 1460 01:08:37.140 --> 01:08:40.319 by the time I performed the song I will 1461 01:08:40.319 --> 01:08:43.620 have been practicing for months 1462 01:08:43.620 --> 01:08:47.100 usually these actions are ongoing or 1463 01:08:47.100 --> 01:08:49.880 they end very close to the other point 1464 01:08:49.880 --> 01:08:52.520 and the perfect continuous tenses 1465 01:08:52.520 --> 01:08:55.500 emphasize duration you can see in my 1466 01:08:55.500 --> 01:08:59.229 examples four plus the period 1467 01:08:59.229 --> 01:09:02.779 [Music] 1468 01:09:03.719 --> 01:09:07.819 whew test number one are you ready 1469 01:09:07.819 --> 01:09:11.040 well if you want to master the 12 tenses 1470 01:09:11.040 --> 01:09:12.839 you need to know the grammatical 1471 01:09:12.839 --> 01:09:16.259 structures no structure no tense 1472 01:09:16.259 --> 01:09:19.859 so what I want you to do is choose the 1473 01:09:19.859 --> 01:09:23.460 right tense to match the sentence 1474 01:09:23.460 --> 01:09:27.319 pause the video to do this 1475 01:09:29.460 --> 01:09:32.698 okay here are the answers 1476 01:09:32.698 --> 01:09:35.339 how did you do please let me know in the 1477 01:09:35.339 --> 01:09:39.060 comments did you get 12 out of 12 maybe 1478 01:09:39.060 --> 01:09:42.179 8 out of 12. 1479 01:09:42.179 --> 01:09:44.880 there's no time to celebrate we need to 1480 01:09:44.880 --> 01:09:48.359 move on to test number two let's go 1481 01:09:48.359 --> 01:09:51.960 test number two here we go this one is a 1482 01:09:51.960 --> 01:09:54.060 little bit more difficult for each 1483 01:09:54.060 --> 01:09:56.880 sentence choose the correct option again 1484 01:09:56.880 --> 01:10:00.500 pause the video to do this 1485 01:10:02.880 --> 01:10:06.238 here are the answers again let me know 1486 01:10:06.238 --> 01:10:08.160 in the comments how you did on this test 1487 01:10:08.160 --> 01:10:12.380 please I would really like to know 1488 01:10:12.420 --> 01:10:14.760 I know there's been a lot of information 1489 01:10:14.760 --> 01:10:17.640 in today's lesson and I'm actually proud 1490 01:10:17.640 --> 01:10:20.100 of you for making it this far today's 1491 01:10:20.100 --> 01:10:23.280 lesson really was a mega lesson if 1492 01:10:23.280 --> 01:10:25.560 today's lesson helped you just a little 1493 01:10:25.560 --> 01:10:29.820 bit with the tenses I am happy my job is 1494 01:10:29.820 --> 01:10:32.400 done I can't wait to make another video 1495 01:10:32.400 --> 01:10:34.920 for you and I'll see you next time thank 1496 01:10:34.920 --> 01:10:37.040 you