WEBVTT FILE

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today is the third video this december

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where we're using the friends christmas

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episode the one where rachel quits her

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job to study english

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last week she had a job interview now in

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this episode she's gotten the job and

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it's her last day working at the coffee

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shop we're going to study this scene and

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everything we can about american english

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pronunciation to figure out what makes

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american english sound american

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here's the scene there you go

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enjoy

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[Applause]

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should i tell her i owed a t no no

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um excuse me everyone uh

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this is my last night working here

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and uh i just wanted to say that

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i made some really good friends here

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and uh it's just time to move on

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as of this moment

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i will never

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have to make coffee

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again

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and now let's do the analysis together

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there you go

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okay our first thought group here is

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three words long what is the stress

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what's the most stressed word

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there you go

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there you go

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there you go

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there you go

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there you go the stress is all going up

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towards the peak the energy

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peaks out on the word go that has the o

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diphthong you will need some lip

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rounding for that

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there you

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going up in pitch going up in energy in

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volume there you go and then the up down

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shape on the stressed syllable

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there you go

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there you go

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there you go

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try to do that try to do it really

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smoothly connected

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with that peak

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of stress on go

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you'll listen to it three times then

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there will be a little pause for you to

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try it

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there you go

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there you go

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there you go

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there you go

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enjoy

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enjoy enjoy second syllable stress

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enjoy

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enjoy

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enjoy

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enjoy

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so the context here this is rachel's

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last shift the end of her last shift she

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did get a job in the video that we

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studied last week this section of the

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episode she had just had an interview

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where she didn't feel like she did very

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well but she did get the job and so this

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is her last shift and she knows that she

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has a job to go on to

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enjoy

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enjoy

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enjoy

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[Applause]

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should i tell her i owed a tea no okay

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chandler didn't actually order coffee

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what is the stress of his question here

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should i tell her i owed a tea

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should i tell her i owed a tea

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should i tell her i owed a t should i

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tell her the verb should i tell her i

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ordered t

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t and the pitch goes up it's a yes no

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question those are our two most stressed

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syllables there should i the word should

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i would say is i would write that with a

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schwa should should should i should i

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the d is a flap sound because it comes

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between two vowels

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or diphthongs the l is silent here

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so it comes between the schwa and the i

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diphthong so it's just should i shoulda

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bouncing on the roof of the mouth should

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i tell her

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should i tell her should i tell her

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should i tell her should i tell her tell

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begins with a true tea

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because that starts a stressed syllable

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that's always going to be a true t

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unless it's the tr cluster then it might

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be a ch sound

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teller

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we have a dropped h the er the schwa r

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ending just links on to the word before

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tell her

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tell her

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should i tell her

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should i tell her

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should i tell her should i tell her i

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had a t

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i ordered both a little flatter lower in

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pitch i ordered i ordered i ordered i

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ordered tea before the stressed word t

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and again that is a true t because the t

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there begins a stressed syllable

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i ordered i ordered i ordered these two

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words flatter and pitch simplified less

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clear i know the word order can be

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really tough i actually have a video

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that goes over how to pronounce that

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word when it's stressed

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you can check it out i'll put a link in

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the video description

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prior to t

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priority

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priority no no

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no no

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quick up down shape

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no

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no

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no

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no

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no no

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um excuse me everyone excuse me

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everyone stress on

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skews notice

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the word is not excuse but it's skews

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she turns it into one syllable this is

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pretty common

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so the letter x here

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represents two sounds k and s

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excuse but it's not uncommon to drop the

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first vowel and drop the k and just say

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skews skews

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s sound

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k you diphthong

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z excuse excuse me and that's what she

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does here stress on that syllable excuse

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me

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everyone

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excuse me everyone excuse me everyone

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excuse me everyone uh this is my last

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night working here

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uh

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okay after the word uh

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what is the stress of this thought group

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uh

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this is my last night working here

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uh this is my last night working here

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uh this is my last night working here

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this is my last night

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this is my this is my these first three

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words said pretty quickly this is my

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last then we have more stress there last

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night

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working here

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this is my last night working here

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this is my last night working here

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this is my last night working here

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so last and work have the most stress

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even so even though last is one of the

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stressed words it does have a dropped

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sound there is no t

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the reason is because it's part of an

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ending st cluster

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the next word begins with a consonant

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the t between two consonants like this

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even when they're in two different words

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is often dropped last night it's just

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the s sound into the n sound last night

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and then we have a stop t at the end of

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night that's because the next word

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begins with the consonant and the sound

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before it was a vowel or diphthong in

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this case the i as in by diphthong so

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the sound before is a diphthong but the

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letter before is an h

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which we would think of as being a

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consonant letter

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but if the t was between two consonants

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we would drop it just like here we don't

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talk about letters the rules are all

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about sounds so here the t is not

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between two consonants it's after the i

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diphthong

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before a consonant that's why this t is

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a stop t if you're completely confused

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about the t pronunciations i do have a

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playlist that goes over

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all of the different ways that we

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pronounce teas and the rules around them

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this is my last night

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this is my last night

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this is my last night working here last

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night working here

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stress unstress

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stress

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unstressed unstressed last night working

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here so the ing ending and the word here

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flatter lower in pitch coming down in

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vocal energy

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the word

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work this is a really tough word

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don't try to make a vowel it's the r

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vowel consonant combination

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this is how we do it in american english

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this vowel doesn't really have a sound

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by itself it just blends with the r

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er

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work

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so no wuck

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no jaw drop we don't need much jaw drop

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for the sound

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tip of the tongue pulls back and up a

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little bit we're

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working

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working here

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working here

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working here

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working here

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and uh and uh

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okay it's not that common to hear the d

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in the word and but she does do it

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especially

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you'll hear people doing that when

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they're thinking of what to say next

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then they're more likely to fully

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pronounce and and uh the d-links right

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into the next sound which is the uh as

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in butter sound and uh

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and uh

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and uh

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and uh i just wanted to say that

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what's the stress of this next thought

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group

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i just wanted to say that

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i just wanted to say that

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i just wanted to say that

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i

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just wanted to say

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that

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again st cluster followed by a consonant

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just like last night becomes last night

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just wanted becomes just wanted i just

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wanted to say that

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i just wanted to say that

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i just wanted to say that

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i just wanted to say that

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everything links together really

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smoothly

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we have three more t's here let's study

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them what happens with these t's

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i just wanted to say that

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i just wanted to say that

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i just wanted to say that

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wanted to say

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wanted to say this first t totally

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dropped that's pretty common in this

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word because it comes after an n

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lots of other people will do that

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so the e d ending here

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it's funny because we drop the t but it

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still follows the rules for coming after

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a t sound so the rules for e d ending is

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when it comes after t or d it's the e as

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in vowel and the d sound so even though

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the t is dropped that rule still holds

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wanted

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wanted wanted

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and when the word before two t-o ends in

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a d it's common to just drop the t sound

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altogether and just put a schwa at the

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end

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wanada

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wanada wanted to say

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wanted to say that

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i just wanted to say that i just wanted

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to say that

290
00:10:52.958 --> 00:10:54.880
just wanted to say that

291
00:10:54.880 --> 00:10:56.800
she does a true tea release here at the

292
00:10:56.800 --> 00:10:58.320
end of that

293
00:10:58.320 --> 00:11:00.320
it's also common to make that a stop t

294
00:11:00.320 --> 00:11:01.519
when it comes to the end of a thought

295
00:11:01.519 --> 00:11:03.440
group like it does here but here she

296
00:11:03.440 --> 00:11:04.880
makes it a true t

297
00:11:04.880 --> 00:11:09.519
so in i just wanted to say that we have

298
00:11:09.519 --> 00:11:11.120
four t's

299
00:11:11.120 --> 00:11:12.559
that are part of the official

300
00:11:12.559 --> 00:11:15.519
pronunciation of those words but only

301
00:11:15.519 --> 00:11:18.800
one of them is pronounced as a true t

302
00:11:18.800 --> 00:11:20.480
the other three

303
00:11:20.480 --> 00:11:22.399
are all dropped

304
00:11:22.399 --> 00:11:24.880
that's crazy i love english

305
00:11:24.880 --> 00:11:26.958
i just wanted to say that

306
00:11:26.958 --> 00:11:28.958
just wanted to say that

307
00:11:28.958 --> 00:11:30.800
just wanted to say that

308
00:11:30.800 --> 00:11:33.040
i made some really good friends here

309
00:11:33.040 --> 00:11:35.679
what's the stress of this phrase

310
00:11:35.679 --> 00:11:38.160
i made some really good friends here

311
00:11:38.160 --> 00:11:40.640
i made some really good friends here

312
00:11:40.640 --> 00:11:42.800
i made some really good friends here

313
00:11:42.800 --> 00:11:46.720
i made some really good friends here i

314
00:11:46.720 --> 00:11:50.399
hear made the verb i made some

315
00:11:50.399 --> 00:11:52.000
really good

316
00:11:52.000 --> 00:11:53.839
friends now

317
00:11:53.839 --> 00:11:55.120
here

318
00:11:55.120 --> 00:11:57.600
so the general

319
00:11:57.600 --> 00:12:00.480
way that stress works is content words

320
00:12:00.480 --> 00:12:02.639
are usually stressed those are nouns

321
00:12:02.639 --> 00:12:05.200
verbs adjectives and adverbs but they're

322
00:12:05.200 --> 00:12:07.519
not always stressed for example the word

323
00:12:07.519 --> 00:12:08.399
good

324
00:12:08.399 --> 00:12:10.639
is not stress compared to really really

325
00:12:10.639 --> 00:12:11.440
good

326
00:12:11.440 --> 00:12:13.839
really has more stress

327
00:12:13.839 --> 00:12:16.958
i made some really good friends here

328
00:12:16.958 --> 00:12:19.440
i made some really good friends here

329
00:12:19.440 --> 00:12:21.920
i made some really good friends here

330
00:12:21.920 --> 00:12:24.399
i made some really good friends here the

331
00:12:24.399 --> 00:12:25.839
word some

332
00:12:25.839 --> 00:12:27.360
if that was fully pronounced it would

333
00:12:27.360 --> 00:12:29.600
have the uh as in butter vowel if it was

334
00:12:29.600 --> 00:12:31.360
stressed it would have that up down

335
00:12:31.360 --> 00:12:32.639
shape some

336
00:12:32.639 --> 00:12:34.559
but i would actually write that with the

337
00:12:34.559 --> 00:12:37.679
schwa some some it's flattering pitch i

338
00:12:37.679 --> 00:12:39.440
think the vowel is not full i think it's

339
00:12:39.440 --> 00:12:42.000
reduced made some really good friends

340
00:12:42.000 --> 00:12:43.040
here

341
00:12:43.040 --> 00:12:45.679
i made some really i made some really

342
00:12:45.679 --> 00:12:47.839
i made some really good friends here

343
00:12:47.839 --> 00:12:50.399
friends here friends here i noticed she

344
00:12:50.399 --> 00:12:52.000
is ending with her pitch going up a

345
00:12:52.000 --> 00:12:54.240
little bit friends here

346
00:12:54.240 --> 00:12:55.760
that's to show that she's not done

347
00:12:55.760 --> 00:12:58.720
talking she has a little bit more to say

348
00:12:58.720 --> 00:13:00.240
friends here

349
00:13:00.240 --> 00:13:01.760
friends here

350
00:13:01.760 --> 00:13:03.360
friends here

351
00:13:03.360 --> 00:13:04.800
and

352
00:13:04.800 --> 00:13:07.120
and uh there she goes again thinking

353
00:13:07.120 --> 00:13:08.880
about what to say fully pronouncing the

354
00:13:08.880 --> 00:13:11.839
word and linking the d into the next

355
00:13:11.839 --> 00:13:14.320
sound the thinking vowel the uh as in

356
00:13:14.320 --> 00:13:16.958
butter and uh

357
00:13:16.958 --> 00:13:18.720
and uh

358
00:13:18.720 --> 00:13:20.480
and uh

359
00:13:20.480 --> 00:13:23.440
and uh it's just time to move on

360
00:13:23.440 --> 00:13:25.920
in this last thought group on this slide

361
00:13:25.920 --> 00:13:28.240
what is the stress

362
00:13:28.240 --> 00:13:30.399
it's just time to move on

363
00:13:30.399 --> 00:13:32.559
it's just time to move on

364
00:13:32.559 --> 00:13:34.639
it's just time to move on

365
00:13:34.639 --> 00:13:35.839
time

366
00:13:35.839 --> 00:13:38.078
on and part of the phrasal verb it's

367
00:13:38.078 --> 00:13:39.839
just time

368
00:13:39.839 --> 00:13:42.078
to move on now we have a lot of

369
00:13:42.078 --> 00:13:44.399
interesting reductions here first i'm

370
00:13:44.399 --> 00:13:46.000
sure you can guess

371
00:13:46.000 --> 00:13:48.720
the t is dropped in just because it

372
00:13:48.720 --> 00:13:51.360
comes between two consonants just time

373
00:13:51.360 --> 00:13:53.360
the s going right into the next t

374
00:13:53.360 --> 00:13:56.720
there's no extra t and the t in time is

375
00:13:56.720 --> 00:13:59.360
a true t because the t begins a stressed

376
00:13:59.360 --> 00:14:02.958
syllable what about the word it's it's

377
00:14:02.958 --> 00:14:04.880
how's that pronounced

378
00:14:04.880 --> 00:14:06.078
it's just time

379
00:14:06.078 --> 00:14:07.360
it's just time

380
00:14:07.360 --> 00:14:09.920
it's just time

381
00:14:10.320 --> 00:14:12.559
it's just time

382
00:14:12.559 --> 00:14:14.720
the vowel is dropped that's not an

383
00:14:14.720 --> 00:14:16.399
uncommon pronunciation you will hear

384
00:14:16.399 --> 00:14:18.240
that it's

385
00:14:18.240 --> 00:14:20.480
that's

386
00:14:20.480 --> 00:14:22.240
what's

387
00:14:22.240 --> 00:14:24.160
and let's

388
00:14:24.160 --> 00:14:26.720
can all do this i actually have a video

389
00:14:26.720 --> 00:14:28.880
that goes over those reductions i'll

390
00:14:28.880 --> 00:14:31.839
link to that in the video description

391
00:14:31.839 --> 00:14:33.040
it's just time

392
00:14:33.040 --> 00:14:34.320
it's just time

393
00:14:34.320 --> 00:14:36.480
it's just time to move on

394
00:14:36.480 --> 00:14:39.040
so it's just the ts sounds linked right

395
00:14:39.040 --> 00:14:41.760
into the next word it's just it's just

396
00:14:41.760 --> 00:14:43.120
it's just time

397
00:14:43.120 --> 00:14:46.000
now the word two this word reduces

398
00:14:46.000 --> 00:14:48.079
usually almost all the time the vowel

399
00:14:48.079 --> 00:14:50.240
will reduce to the schwa

400
00:14:50.240 --> 00:14:53.279
and the t changes so it can be a true t

401
00:14:53.279 --> 00:14:54.959
but it can also be a flap t and it's a

402
00:14:54.959 --> 00:14:57.600
flap t here that happens when the sound

403
00:14:57.600 --> 00:15:00.079
before was voiced not always you don't

404
00:15:00.079 --> 00:15:02.079
have to do it that way but you'll hear

405
00:15:02.079 --> 00:15:03.600
it that way a lot

406
00:15:03.600 --> 00:15:06.480
time to timed timed so it's more like a

407
00:15:06.480 --> 00:15:09.680
d sound a flap sound in american english

408
00:15:09.680 --> 00:15:12.079
than a true t we don't have the true t

409
00:15:12.079 --> 00:15:14.240
release time to

410
00:15:14.240 --> 00:15:15.600
it's just time to

411
00:15:15.600 --> 00:15:16.959
it's just time to

412
00:15:16.959 --> 00:15:18.880
it's just time to move on

413
00:15:18.880 --> 00:15:20.560
time to move on

414
00:15:20.560 --> 00:15:23.360
time to move on and then

415
00:15:23.360 --> 00:15:25.360
part of the phrasal verb move on the

416
00:15:25.360 --> 00:15:27.839
final word has some stress too time to

417
00:15:27.839 --> 00:15:29.199
move on

418
00:15:29.199 --> 00:15:30.959
it's time to move on

419
00:15:30.959 --> 00:15:32.720
it's time to move on

420
00:15:32.720 --> 00:15:35.680
it's time to move on

421
00:15:37.279 --> 00:15:39.440
as of this moment

422
00:15:39.440 --> 00:15:42.000
what's the stress of this thought group

423
00:15:42.000 --> 00:15:44.399
as of this moment

424
00:15:44.399 --> 00:15:46.880
as of this moment

425
00:15:46.880 --> 00:15:49.040
as of this moment

426
00:15:49.040 --> 00:15:51.199
definitely the most stressed word is the

427
00:15:51.199 --> 00:15:52.399
word this

428
00:15:52.399 --> 00:15:55.680
as of this moment

429
00:15:55.680 --> 00:15:57.600
mo is has a little bit of stress too

430
00:15:57.600 --> 00:15:59.759
it's the stress syllable of that word

431
00:15:59.759 --> 00:16:04.079
but this has the most stress as of this

432
00:16:04.079 --> 00:16:05.040
moment

433
00:16:05.040 --> 00:16:07.279
as of those two words linked together

434
00:16:07.279 --> 00:16:09.920
really smoothly with a z sound as of

435
00:16:09.920 --> 00:16:11.759
this moment

436
00:16:11.759 --> 00:16:14.160
as of this moment

437
00:16:14.160 --> 00:16:16.560
as of this moment

438
00:16:16.560 --> 00:16:18.560
as of this moment

439
00:16:18.560 --> 00:16:21.600
as of this moment and she does a true

440
00:16:21.600 --> 00:16:23.600
tea release here

441
00:16:23.600 --> 00:16:25.920
you won't always hear that but

442
00:16:25.920 --> 00:16:28.399
she's feeling energized she's

443
00:16:28.399 --> 00:16:30.639
excited about what's happening

444
00:16:30.639 --> 00:16:33.519
she's also speaking to a larger group so

445
00:16:33.519 --> 00:16:35.120
in those cases you might pronounce more

446
00:16:35.120 --> 00:16:36.560
of your teas than you would in

447
00:16:36.560 --> 00:16:38.639
conversational english

448
00:16:38.639 --> 00:16:41.120
as of this moment

449
00:16:41.120 --> 00:16:43.519
as of this moment

450
00:16:43.519 --> 00:16:45.600
as of this moment

451
00:16:45.600 --> 00:16:47.199
i will never

452
00:16:47.199 --> 00:16:49.360
have to make coffee

453
00:16:49.360 --> 00:16:50.399
again

454
00:16:50.399 --> 00:16:52.320
and then she breaks up this next

455
00:16:52.320 --> 00:16:54.160
statement into a few thought groups with

456
00:16:54.160 --> 00:16:55.519
some pauses

457
00:16:55.519 --> 00:16:59.920
to bring extra emphasis i will never

458
00:16:59.920 --> 00:17:02.160
i will never

459
00:17:02.160 --> 00:17:04.160
really stressing that word going up in

460
00:17:04.160 --> 00:17:06.400
pitch because she's not done and then a

461
00:17:06.400 --> 00:17:08.000
break

462
00:17:08.000 --> 00:17:10.000
i will never

463
00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:12.000
i will never

464
00:17:12.000 --> 00:17:13.600
i will never

465
00:17:13.600 --> 00:17:15.760
have to make coffee

466
00:17:15.760 --> 00:17:16.880
again

467
00:17:16.880 --> 00:17:19.439
have to make coffee and again she goes

468
00:17:19.439 --> 00:17:21.039
up in pitch because she's not done

469
00:17:21.039 --> 00:17:23.359
talking and then the pitch at the end

470
00:17:23.359 --> 00:17:25.839
again goes down because that is the end

471
00:17:25.839 --> 00:17:28.400
of her statement so she broke that

472
00:17:28.400 --> 00:17:29.919
sentence up into

473
00:17:29.919 --> 00:17:32.400
three different thought groups to just

474
00:17:32.400 --> 00:17:36.320
bring extra stress to it i will never

475
00:17:36.320 --> 00:17:39.280
have to make coffee so by putting the

476
00:17:39.280 --> 00:17:41.440
break after the word the stress word

477
00:17:41.440 --> 00:17:43.840
never and the stress word coffee just

478
00:17:43.840 --> 00:17:46.720
brings more emphasis to those words

479
00:17:46.720 --> 00:17:48.880
have to make coffee

480
00:17:48.880 --> 00:17:50.400
again

481
00:17:50.400 --> 00:17:52.559
have to make coffee

482
00:17:52.559 --> 00:17:54.160
again

483
00:17:54.160 --> 00:17:56.240
have to make coffee

484
00:17:56.240 --> 00:17:57.440
again

485
00:17:57.440 --> 00:17:59.600
have to make and actually i'm noticing

486
00:17:59.600 --> 00:18:02.240
here she is not reducing the word to

487
00:18:02.240 --> 00:18:04.720
she's making that a true t and an ooh

488
00:18:04.720 --> 00:18:07.760
vowel which again we almost never do but

489
00:18:07.760 --> 00:18:09.919
she is bringing emphasis

490
00:18:09.919 --> 00:18:13.039
to each word in this phrase she is so

491
00:18:13.039 --> 00:18:15.200
excited to never have to serve coffee

492
00:18:15.200 --> 00:18:17.280
again that she did actually fully

493
00:18:17.280 --> 00:18:19.039
pronounce that word but it was still

494
00:18:19.039 --> 00:18:22.000
flat it was still unstressed low in

495
00:18:22.000 --> 00:18:25.039
pitch have to make coffee

496
00:18:25.039 --> 00:18:26.480
again

497
00:18:26.480 --> 00:18:28.640
have to make coffee

498
00:18:28.640 --> 00:18:30.240
again

499
00:18:30.240 --> 00:18:32.400
have to make coffee

500
00:18:32.400 --> 00:18:33.919
again

501
00:18:33.919 --> 00:18:36.080
have to make coffee

502
00:18:36.080 --> 00:18:37.280
again

503
00:18:37.280 --> 00:18:39.600
the joke of this episode of course is

504
00:18:39.600 --> 00:18:42.080
that the very next scene is of her at

505
00:18:42.080 --> 00:18:44.720
her new job where she is being told that

506
00:18:44.720 --> 00:18:47.359
her boss likes coffee and that she needs

507
00:18:47.359 --> 00:18:49.359
to make it for him

508
00:18:49.359 --> 00:18:51.679
let's listen to this whole conversation

509
00:18:51.679 --> 00:18:53.119
one more time

510
00:18:53.119 --> 00:18:54.559
there you go

511
00:18:54.559 --> 00:18:56.010
enjoy

512
00:18:56.010 --> 00:18:59.039
[Applause]

513
00:18:59.039 --> 00:19:02.480
should i tell her i owed a tea no no

514
00:19:02.480 --> 00:19:06.480
um excuse me everyone uh this is my last

515
00:19:06.480 --> 00:19:08.240
night working here

516
00:19:08.240 --> 00:19:11.119
and uh i just wanted to say that

517
00:19:11.119 --> 00:19:13.679
i made some really good friends here

518
00:19:13.679 --> 00:19:17.359
and uh it's just time to move on

519
00:19:17.359 --> 00:19:19.359
as of this moment

520
00:19:19.359 --> 00:19:21.039
i will never

521
00:19:21.039 --> 00:19:23.200
have to make coffee

522
00:19:23.200 --> 00:19:24.400
again

523
00:19:24.400 --> 00:19:26.640
if you love learning english with tv we

524
00:19:26.640 --> 00:19:28.559
do have a whole playlist for that check

525
00:19:28.559 --> 00:19:31.039
it out and if you love this kind of full

526
00:19:31.039 --> 00:19:33.280
pronunciation analysis i do a lot of it

527
00:19:33.280 --> 00:19:36.400
in my academy my academy is where i help

528
00:19:36.400 --> 00:19:38.559
students train and really reach their

529
00:19:38.559 --> 00:19:40.720
accent their pronunciation goals it's

530
00:19:40.720 --> 00:19:42.480
rachel's english academy there's a

531
00:19:42.480 --> 00:19:44.880
30-day money-back guarantee so don't be

532
00:19:44.880 --> 00:19:47.600
afraid to try it also don't forget to

533
00:19:47.600 --> 00:19:49.520
subscribe to my youtube channel i make a

534
00:19:49.520 --> 00:19:52.320
new video every tuesday that's it guys

535
00:19:52.320 --> 00:19:54.880
and thanks so much for using rachel's

536
00:19:54.880 --> 00:19:57.840
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