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there are 12 basic tenses in English

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we have the present tenses

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the past tenses and the future tenses in

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today's lesson we are going to focus on

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the perfect continuous tenses

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present perfect continuous

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past perfect continuous and future

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perfect continuous

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by focusing on the perfect continuous

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tenses and only the perfect continuous

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tenses we can compare them and you can

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see how similar they are

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if you haven't watched my first videos

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in the series

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simple tenses continuous tenses perfect

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tenses I suggest you do that before

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continuing with this lesson

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my name is Arnell let's start

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let's start with the grammatical

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structures and then we can look at how

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we use these tenses

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present perfect continuous

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past perfect continuous future perfect

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continuous

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present perfect continuous

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subject have or has been plus a verb ing

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remember to choose have or has depending

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on your subject

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the pie has been baking

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negative the pie has not been baking

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question has the pie have been baking

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past perfect continuous

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subject had been plus a verb ing

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the good news is we use had been for all

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subjects

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the pie had been baking

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negative the pie had not been baking

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had the pie been baking

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future perfect continuous

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subject will have been plus verb ing

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we use will have been for all subjects

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the pie will have been baking

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the pie will not have been baking

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will the pie have been baking

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in this lesson I will keep the

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grammatical structures highlighted for

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you

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okay so how do we use these tenses

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I have my timelines and the examples

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we've just looked at the pie has been

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baking the pie had been baking the pie

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will happen in baking

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the perfect continuous tenses emphasize

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an action that continues up to another

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point

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and the emphasis is on duration how long

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wait wait wait

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duration how long

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remember earlier in the series you're

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explaining the present perfect and you

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said this

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for 22 years

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my entire life

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since kindergarten

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all of these tell us how long and this

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is really common in the present perfect

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okay if how long is important in the

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present perfect and the present perfect

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continuous what is the difference I am

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confused

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we need

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a grammar web

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[Music]

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Arnel Square merweb

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I created this web to help me make a

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decision

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don't start with present perfect or

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present perfect continuous

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no use this web

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first is your verb dynamic or stative

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let's choose a simple Dynamic verb

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e is dynamic

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do I want to emphasize a completed

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action or an ongoing action

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ongoing means still continuing

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choose completed

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if your action is completed and

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connected to the present you need the

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present perfect simple

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the guests have eaten the main course

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completed now it's time for dessert

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let's try with ongoing

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and you can see if your action is

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ongoing you need the present perfect

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continuous

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the guests have been eating and they are

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still eating

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duration all evening you can see you

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need present evidence

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what's the present evidence of this

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action

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well you keep putting food out for the

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guests and they keep eating

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I mean you can literally see people

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chewing

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and duration isn't always necessary

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sometimes in a situation the duration is

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obvious

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let's try another verb be

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is a state of verb

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can State a verbs be used in a

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continuous tense no so this makes life

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easy

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with stated verbs continuous tenses are

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not an option

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but you still need to choose between a

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completed and ongoing action

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do I want to be completed or ongoing

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let's choose completed

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if it's completed it's a past experience

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I've had many jobs in my life

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I have been a dog walker

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a babysitter

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a florist and a nurse

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am I any of these things now

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completed

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now let's choose ongoing

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I have been a nurse duration since 2015.

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what is my evidence of this ongoing

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state

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well I go to the hospital every day it's

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my job

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so in this lesson keep my grammar web

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Arnel scram or web

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in mind

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the present perfect continuous

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the pie has been baking for 20 minutes

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and the kitchen smells wonderful

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and action started in the past

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it continues up to the present and it is

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ongoing the pie is still in the oven

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what's my evidence here well I can see

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the pie baking in the oven and the

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kitchen smells wonderful

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it has been raining non-stop it's still

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raining if I want I could add four days

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or four weeks but non-stop kind of

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already emphasizes the duration

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what evidence do I have

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well I can see it's raining and maybe

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outside there are large puddles

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everywhere

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our solar panels have been providing US

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Energy since we put them up and this is

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ongoing they will continue to provide us

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energy

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what's my evidence well now we have

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electricity

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so far I've mentioned ongoing a few

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times the actions are ongoing they're

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continuing

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however many note with the present

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perfect continuous the action could be

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ongoing or the action could have stopped

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just before the present time

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so if I say

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sorry I'm sweaty I've been running

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maybe I'm done running but there's still

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evidence of that recently finished

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action what's my evidence well I'm all

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sweaty

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we've looked at four examples of the

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present perfect continuous what do we

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need to do now we need to compare this

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tense to the other tenses are you ready

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the present perfect continuous the pie

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has been baking the oven for 20 minutes

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and the kitchen smells wonderful

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an action start in the past and

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continues up to the present and is

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ongoing what's my evidence the kitchen

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smells wonderful

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present perfect

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the pie has baked cooled and is now

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ready to cut this is a completed past

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action the pie is out of the oven when

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did this action happen it doesn't matter

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before now

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past simple

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the pie baked beautifully yesterday and

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everyone enjoyed it

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completed past action but now I include

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a specific time yesterday

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and you can see I'm changing my example

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slightly to fit the tenses

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present continuous the pot is baking now

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don't turn off the oven

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I'm focusing on the action now remember

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we do not use a present continuous for a

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past to present connection

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I want you to take a look at a mini clip

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here in this clip we see two strangers

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on a train they don't know each other

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but we will hear a nice combination of a

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few tenses how about you where are you

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going I'm going to Vienna

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you know what's there I have no idea I'm

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flying out of there tomorrow you're on

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holiday uh

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you know what I'm on you know I just uh

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I'm just traveling around I've been

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riding the trains for the past two three

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weeks you are visiting friends or just

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present continuous

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I have no idea I'm flying out there

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tomorrow

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this present continuous is a future plan

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it's definitely happening he will

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already have his plane ticket

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I'm just traveling around

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present continuous because he's doing

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this now

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I've been writing the trains for the

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past two three weeks

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yes now we see the present perfect

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continuous because this started in the

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past

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continues up to the present and now he

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is still on the train this is ongoing

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the verbs live and work are not stative

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verbs they are Dynamic verbs

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but where we live and where we work are

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kind of like States right they don't

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change often we can use these two verbs

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live and work interchangeably with the

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present perfect and the present perfect

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continuous and there is no difference in

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meaning

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some people may choose the perfect the

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present perfect continuous to really

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emphasize the duration but really you

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can comfortably use these and don't

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worry about the difference

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past perfect continuous

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when I checked on the pie

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it had been baking for 20 minutes

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just like the past perfect simple we

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need to use another past action

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why because the past perfect continuous

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emphasizes a past action that continues

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up to another pass point and is ongoing

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was the pie still baking when I checked

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on it yes it's actually just like the

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present perfect continuous but we move

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it to the Past

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the river burst its banks as it had been

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pouring for days

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and if a river bursts its banks that's

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really hard to say burst its banks it

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means that um the river is so full the

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water starts to go on the land you can

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see that past perfect continuous action

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continued up to another pass point and

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was probably ongoing

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I want you to take a look at another

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mini clip

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this is just a business meeting

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our wrist where's Eric Dale

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he was let go today

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he was let go today

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and let go means fired Eric Dale was

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fired past simple with a specific time

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obviously today means earlier today

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apparently Eric had been working on this

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for some time but he wasn't able to

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finish it this morning as he left

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apparently Eric had been working on this

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for some time but he wasn't able to

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finish it

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so the past perfect continuous goes up

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to the moment Eric was fired

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Arnel Square merweb

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verb work work is dynamic

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was it completed or ongoing

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well ongoing because he was still

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working on it when he got fired

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duration for some time

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and evidence records talking to Eric

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Etc

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right it's time to compare the past

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perfect continuous with other tenses

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when I checked on the pie it had been

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baking for 20 minutes

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Past Perfect by the time I took the pie

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out of the oven its crust had turned

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golden brown

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with the past perfect I'm emphasizing a

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completed action before another past

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action I'm not really interested in the

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ongoing past action at a certain point

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past simple the other day I was really

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in the mood to do some baking so I baked

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a pie past simple specific time the

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other day and the other day means

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recently in the past maybe two to three

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days ago the past simple is not

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dependent on another pass point

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continuous the pie was baking in the

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oven

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when we had a power cut

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am I emphasizing the duration like the

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past perfect continuous now the past

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continuous is giving me the background

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the background action that was

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interrupted by another

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action

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okay future perfect continuous how are

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you feeling

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when will the pie be ready

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um in 10 minutes the pie will have been

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baking for 20 minutes and it will need

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another 15 minutes after that

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can you see how similar the future

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perfect continues is to the other two

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perfect continuous tenses

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the news says it's going to rain for

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another three days

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[Music]

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okay so by Friday it will have been

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raining for eight days great

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00:15:26.839 --> 00:15:30.120
how are your solar panels holding up

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holding up means surviving how are your

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00:15:32.639 --> 00:15:34.800
solar panels surviving

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00:15:34.800 --> 00:15:38.100
great next month they will have been

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00:15:38.100 --> 00:15:42.120
providing us energy for exactly one year

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remember with the future perfect

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continuous this ongoing action could

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have started in the past

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00:15:49.019 --> 00:15:50.459
the present

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00:15:50.459 --> 00:15:53.220
or the future it really depends on the

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00:15:53.220 --> 00:15:54.480
situation

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I will say the future perfect continuous

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tense really is the least common tense

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00:16:00.899 --> 00:16:03.180
in English

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00:16:03.180 --> 00:16:05.220
um it's not really heard in spoken

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00:16:05.220 --> 00:16:07.500
English but I did find some great

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00:16:07.500 --> 00:16:11.760
examples in written English

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00:16:11.760 --> 00:16:16.199
here's an article from economist.com

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00:16:16.560 --> 00:16:19.380
at the end of July

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00:16:19.380 --> 00:16:21.779
America's economy will have been growing

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00:16:21.779 --> 00:16:25.519
for 121 months

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00:16:25.800 --> 00:16:30.500
there's expectation that this is ongoing

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00:16:32.699 --> 00:16:35.579
and here's one from homeserve.com

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Smart Energy users will have been using

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00:16:38.160 --> 00:16:41.399
their fans throughout the winter too as

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00:16:41.399 --> 00:16:45.500
a way to encourage warm air distribution

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00:16:47.279 --> 00:16:49.680
let's try this again with this sentence

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grow

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00:16:52.220 --> 00:16:53.940
dynamic

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ongoing

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00:16:56.399 --> 00:16:58.100
duration

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121 months

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00:17:00.300 --> 00:17:03.720
evidence well whoever wrote this article

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00:17:03.720 --> 00:17:05.699
just needs to calculate from the

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00:17:05.699 --> 00:17:08.280
starting point to the end of July and

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00:17:08.280 --> 00:17:11.299
count how many months there are

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your turn to practice here is your

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homework what is something you have been

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00:17:16.799 --> 00:17:19.439
doing recently and that you will

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00:17:19.439 --> 00:17:22.140
probably continue to do

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00:17:22.140 --> 00:17:24.900
I've been making a lot of banana mango

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00:17:24.900 --> 00:17:28.339
smoothies so good

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00:17:28.940 --> 00:17:31.740
what is something you had been doing

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00:17:31.740 --> 00:17:34.140
before the pandemic to improve your

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00:17:34.140 --> 00:17:35.640
English

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00:17:35.640 --> 00:17:38.520
by the end of this year what will you

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have been doing to improve your English

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00:17:41.220 --> 00:17:43.440
give me your comments down below I would

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00:17:43.440 --> 00:17:45.419
love to hear from you

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perfect continuous review the perfect

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continuous actions continue up to

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another point

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00:17:52.619 --> 00:17:56.220
present perfect continuous up to now I

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00:17:56.220 --> 00:18:00.059
have been practicing this song for days

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the past perfect continuous and action

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00:18:02.760 --> 00:18:05.820
continues up to another past point

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by the time I perform the song I had

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00:18:09.179 --> 00:18:12.200
been practicing for months

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00:18:12.200 --> 00:18:15.059
future perfect continuous the action

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00:18:15.059 --> 00:18:18.240
continues up to another Future Point

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00:18:18.240 --> 00:18:21.419
by the time I performed the song I will

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00:18:21.419 --> 00:18:24.720
have been practicing for months

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00:18:24.720 --> 00:18:28.200
usually these actions are ongoing or

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00:18:28.200 --> 00:18:30.980
they end very close to the other point

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00:18:30.980 --> 00:18:33.660
and the perfect continuous tenses

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00:18:33.660 --> 00:18:36.660
emphasize duration you can see in my

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00:18:36.660 --> 00:18:40.679
examples four plus the period

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okay perfect continuous tenses done I

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00:18:45.240 --> 00:18:47.460
really hope this lesson helped you and

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if you want to test look out for my next

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00:18:50.160 --> 00:18:54.240
video all 12 English tenses take the

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00:18:54.240 --> 00:18:56.220
test in that lesson to see how

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00:18:56.220 --> 00:18:58.500
comfortable you are with the tenses

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00:18:58.500 --> 00:19:00.000
thank you so much for watching and I'll

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see you next time bye

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[Music]