WEBVTT FILE

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want to speak real english from your

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first lesson sign up for your free

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lifetime account at englishclass101.com

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hi everybody my name is alicia in this

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lesson i'm going to talk about the

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differences between

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should

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have to need to ought to and must let's

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get started

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let's begin on this side of the board

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with should and ought to

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in this lesson i'm going to focus on

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example sentences that use should

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you may see

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ought to in books or maybe in newspapers

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from time to time but in most cases in

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everyday modern american english we use

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should we do not use ought to very much

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it sounds a little bit old-fashioned so

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you can replace

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should in my example sentences with

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ought to but keep in mind it might sound

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formal or old-fashioned or a little

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unnatural in today's english so

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we use should to express advice general

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advice when we want to share our opinion

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or an idea about something we can use

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should to do that in a friendly and

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efficient way

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when we make sentences with should it

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follows this pattern

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subject plus should plus the infinitive

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verb

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if we want to make a negative statement

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we use subject plus shouldn't which is

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the reduced form of should

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not

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and the infinitive verb so this is

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present tense to make a present tense

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advice statement we use this pattern

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let's look at some examples first

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you should start a business you should

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start a business subject you should hear

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my advice my infinitive verb is start

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you should start a business i think it's

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a good idea for you to start a business

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that's what this means

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the second example he shouldn't wear

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that shirt he shouldn't wear that shirt

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we have the negative shouldn't should

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not reduces to shouldn't my infinitive

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verb is where where not where where he

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shouldn't wear that shirt so maybe i

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think the shirt looks bad or maybe the

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shirt is not appropriate for the event

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he shouldn't wear that shirt he

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shouldn't wear that shirt it's my advice

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third example they should bring drinks

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they should bring drinks maybe to a

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party for example so should i'm using a

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positive here my verb is bring the

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infinitive form they should bring drinks

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you could say they should bring drinks

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to the party for example as well too

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the final present tense example is we

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shouldn't buy any more food we shouldn't

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buy any more food so this is like advice

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for you and someone else maybe in a

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group of people you have enough food so

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negative we shouldn't we should not buy

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is my verb any more food any more food

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means we bought some food we do not need

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to buy more food we shouldn't buy any

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more food is how a native speaker would

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say this

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so let's compare this then

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to past tense if you want to use should

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in past tense you can use this pattern

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subject plus should plus have plus the

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past participle form of the verb so here

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is the change we need to include have

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and we need to change the verb form so

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just a couple of quick example sentences

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here you should have started a business

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you should have started a business so

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that means in the past at some point in

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the past you should have started a

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business that's my advice for you in the

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past i think it would have been good it

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would have been a good idea so you

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should have started a business or

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they should have brought drinks they

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should have brought drinks so that means

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in both of these cases this thing did

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not happen in the past but thinking

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about it now

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it would have been a good idea that's my

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advice they should have done something

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so we use this to express regret

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reminder past participle verbs are

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started and brought so not the simple

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past form here

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so should

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should have started and should have

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brought again you could use ought to in

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these cases you ought to start a

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business or

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he ought not wear that shirt or they

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ought to bring drinks or

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we ought not to buy any more food but

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this sounds extremely unnatural in

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american english it sounds old-fashioned

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and rather formal so i don't really

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recommend using it but if you see it in

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your reading that is what it means okay

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let's move along then to have to and

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need to so have to and need to are the

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same we can use them in exactly the same

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way i've focused on have to for my

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example sentences but we can substitute

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need to for any of these they have the

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exact same feel

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we use these to express

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responsibility to express responsibility

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should and ought to are used to express

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advice these are for

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responsibility to make patterns with

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these we use subject plus have to or has

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to depending on the subject plus the

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infinitive verb

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in the negative we use subject plus

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don't have to plus

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infinitive verb or depending on the

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subject again subject doesn't have to

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infinitive verb

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so let's take a look at some examples

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first my subject is you you you have to

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come to the office you have to come to

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the office so have to

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i have a responsibility to

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come to the office so infinitive verb

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form come here

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my subject is different here though he

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she or it when my subject is he she or

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it i need to use this has to pattern or

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in the negative

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doesn't have to so he doesn't have to

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wear that shirt he doesn't have to wear

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that shirt this means he has no

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responsibility to wear that shirt he

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doesn't have to wear that shirt so maybe

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it's like a company uniform but today he

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doesn't have to wear that shirt so he

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has no responsibility to wear that shirt

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please keep in mind for this for this

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negative portion we use these for

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responsibilities

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yes responsibilities

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that can reasonably be expected

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so sometimes i hear students use odd

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negative patterns like i don't have to

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drink alcohol at work but it's not an

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expectation it's not a reasonable

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expectation to drink alcohol at work

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unless maybe like you're a bartender or

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you work in a bar or something like that

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so when you use don't have to or doesn't

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have to it should be for some reasonable

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expectation for your life or for the

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person's life so in this case he doesn't

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have to wear that shirt it's probably a

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situation like i said like maybe he has

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a company uniform but for today's event

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he doesn't have to wear the shirt so

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it's kind of a special event so please

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keep this in mind when you're using the

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negative form

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the next example sentence they have to

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bring drinks they have to bring drinks

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so their responsibility is to bring

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drinks they have to bring drinks

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finally we don't have to buy any more

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food we don't have to buy any more food

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so that means we bought some food and

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now we don't have any responsibility

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there's no responsibility to buy more

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food so we already bought some we do not

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have a responsibility to buy more

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so we say we don't have to buy any more

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food

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okay so when we make the past tense form

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here we change this to subject plus had

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to so the verb have changes to had to

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and the infinitive verb form in the

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negative we use subject plus didn't have

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to didn't have to so please note have

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does not change here so not didn't had

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to

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didn't have to didn't have to some

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examples

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you didn't have to come to the office

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so that means maybe the person did come

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to the office and maybe the person's

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boss is in the office and says oh you

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didn't have to come to the office

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meaning you had past tense you had no

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responsibility to come to the office

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today maybe the person came in on a

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saturday for example you didn't have to

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come to the office

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past tense but that person probably did

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come to the office

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another one they had to bring drinks

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they had to bring drinks so their

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responsibility their past responsibility

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was to bring drinks to the party maybe

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they had to bring drinks so that was

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their job or their task or whatever if

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we want to express it in past tense we

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use this form

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okay

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so finally let's look at must must

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we use must for two primary functions

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first is to express a rule to express a

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rule so this is usually like an official

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rule so like police or an airport rule

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or a company rule or a school rule

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something that's kind of official

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we also use must to express very strong

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personal opinions so must sounds a lot

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stronger than should in most cases we

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use should to express our general advice

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just like everyday opinions but we use

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must when we have something really

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strong that we need to share

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so to make sentences with must we use

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subject plus must plus an infinitive

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verb to make a positive to make a

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negative we use subject plus must not

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plus infinitive verb so some examples

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you must show your passport at

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immigration you must show your passport

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and immigration this is a rule you must

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show your passport at immigration

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so

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how do you know is it a rule or is it

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personal opinion usually you can tell

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you can understand from the context of

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the situation so this is a rule you see

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this on a sign at the airport passengers

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must show their passports and

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immigration so from context you can

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understand

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the second one he must stop smoking he

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must stop smoking maybe this is a doctor

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or a concerned family member of this

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person he must stop smoking so this is

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strong personal advice strong personal

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advice probably

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they must not wear shoes inside they

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must not wear shoes inside so maybe this

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is like a hotel rule so guests must not

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wear shoes inside so probably a rule

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posted somewhere

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this one we must not give up we must not

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give up maybe this is strong personal

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advice probably this is probably not

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something we would see on a sign it's

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probably like a leader saying to his or

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her team like we must not give up we

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must try so giving strong personal

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encouragement advice

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so one key point about must i've talked

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about the past tense forms of should and

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have to and need to and all that

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we don't have it for must i know that

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there is this pattern must have and must

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not have but this is not the past tense

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of must that it's used to mean something

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totally different

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must have something something something

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means there's a high level of certainty

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about something in the past

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oh i must have forgotten my keys means

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there's a high level of certainty

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that i forgot my keys so must have

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something does not mean

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must in this meaning it's a different

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meaning i'm expressing a guess with a

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high level of certainty

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about something that happened in the

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past in the negative form must not have

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means something in the past was almost

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certainly impossible for example ah i

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must not have sent that email i must not

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have sent that email so that means

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there's a very i'm making a guess again

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there's a very high level of certainty

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that i did not do that thing that that

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thing was not done it was not it did not

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happen it was impossible so must not

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have sent that email oh no i forgot i

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must not have sent that email i'm so

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sorry

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so these do not refer to the past forms

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of must we don't have that we're just

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when we express a rule we don't use it

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in past tense the rule is forever so we

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use this present tense format to do it

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so this is a quick introduction to the

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differences between must and need to and

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have to and should and ought to a bit

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too so please remember try to remember

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the differences between these when

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you're talking about responsibilities

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advice and rules i hope that it was

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helpful for you if you have any

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questions or comments or if you want to

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practice making some example sentences

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please feel free to do so in the comment

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section of this video also if you like

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this lesson please don't forget to give

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it a thumbs up subscribe to our channel

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if you haven't already and check us out

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at englishclass101.com

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for some other things that can help you

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with your english studies thanks very

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much for watching this lesson and i will

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see you again soon bye bye

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