WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.920 want to speed up your language learning 2 00:00:01.920 --> 00:00:04.319 get access to all of our best PDF cheat 3 00:00:04.319 --> 00:00:06.359 sheets for free just click the link in 4 00:00:06.359 --> 00:00:07.980 the description and sign up for your 5 00:00:07.980 --> 00:00:10.200 free lifetime account right now 6 00:00:10.200 --> 00:00:12.420 hi everybody welcome back to ask Alicia 7 00:00:12.420 --> 00:00:14.280 the weekly series where you ask me 8 00:00:14.280 --> 00:00:16.680 questions and I answer them maybe let's 9 00:00:16.680 --> 00:00:18.480 get to your first question this week 10 00:00:18.480 --> 00:00:21.119 first question this week comes from L Hi 11 00:00:21.119 --> 00:00:25.920 l l says how do I use so far and until 12 00:00:25.920 --> 00:00:29.580 now thanks oh this is a super super good 13 00:00:29.580 --> 00:00:34.020 question so so far and until now can be 14 00:00:34.020 --> 00:00:36.000 used a lot of the time in the same 15 00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:38.399 position in a sentence but they have 16 00:00:38.399 --> 00:00:40.860 different nuances so let's take a look 17 00:00:40.860 --> 00:00:42.899 at some examples and we'll talk about 18 00:00:42.899 --> 00:00:45.600 the differences between them so first 19 00:00:45.600 --> 00:00:50.039 I've had a great week so far and I've 20 00:00:50.039 --> 00:00:53.039 had a great week until now okay so 21 00:00:53.039 --> 00:00:54.780 what's the difference between these two 22 00:00:54.780 --> 00:00:57.660 first both of these sentences are 100 23 00:00:57.660 --> 00:01:00.719 correct I've had a great week so far and 24 00:01:00.719 --> 00:01:03.359 I've had a great week until now they are 25 00:01:03.359 --> 00:01:06.540 100 correct sentences so let's talk 26 00:01:06.540 --> 00:01:09.180 about what kinds of feelings these two 27 00:01:09.180 --> 00:01:12.659 choices give the sentences so far sounds 28 00:01:12.659 --> 00:01:15.299 like everything has been good and it's 29 00:01:15.299 --> 00:01:17.700 going to continue to be good probably or 30 00:01:17.700 --> 00:01:19.799 it's not going to be bad in other words 31 00:01:19.799 --> 00:01:22.740 so in the so far sentence it's like 32 00:01:22.740 --> 00:01:26.159 saying this far in the week from maybe I 33 00:01:26.159 --> 00:01:28.259 don't know Monday until Thursday or 34 00:01:28.259 --> 00:01:31.200 whatever everything has been good and I 35 00:01:31.200 --> 00:01:33.420 expect that it's going to continue I 36 00:01:33.420 --> 00:01:35.880 have no reason to think that anything is 37 00:01:35.880 --> 00:01:37.920 going to change things are good and 38 00:01:37.920 --> 00:01:39.659 that's my expectation at the moment 39 00:01:39.659 --> 00:01:42.720 however in the second sentence my week 40 00:01:42.720 --> 00:01:46.020 has been good until now sounds ominous 41 00:01:46.020 --> 00:01:48.540 so ominous means that something sounds 42 00:01:48.540 --> 00:01:51.240 kind of different or scary or dangerous 43 00:01:51.240 --> 00:01:53.340 in some way it sounds like something bad 44 00:01:53.340 --> 00:01:55.979 is coming when you say I've had a great 45 00:01:55.979 --> 00:02:00.060 week until now it sounds like something 46 00:02:00.060 --> 00:02:03.060 just happened that was bad so that's 47 00:02:03.060 --> 00:02:05.219 like saying Monday was good Tuesday was 48 00:02:05.219 --> 00:02:08.038 good Wednesday was good and until this 49 00:02:08.038 --> 00:02:10.679 moment something happened in this moment 50 00:02:10.679 --> 00:02:14.160 that made it bad my week was good until 51 00:02:14.160 --> 00:02:16.739 this point so this is a key difference 52 00:02:16.739 --> 00:02:19.860 between I've had a great week so far and 53 00:02:19.860 --> 00:02:22.800 I've had a great week until now so again 54 00:02:22.800 --> 00:02:24.720 so far sounds like everything is good 55 00:02:24.720 --> 00:02:26.940 and I expect it to continue to be good 56 00:02:26.940 --> 00:02:29.520 on the other hand until now sounds like 57 00:02:29.520 --> 00:02:31.620 everything was good but then something 58 00:02:31.620 --> 00:02:35.400 just happened and now it's not good so 59 00:02:35.400 --> 00:02:37.200 keep this in mind you can use this 60 00:02:37.200 --> 00:02:39.120 expression to talk about lots of 61 00:02:39.120 --> 00:02:41.519 different periods of time so for example 62 00:02:41.519 --> 00:02:43.739 you could say I've had a great year so 63 00:02:43.739 --> 00:02:46.319 far or I've had a great year until now 64 00:02:46.319 --> 00:02:50.040 you might also hear until now used for 65 00:02:50.040 --> 00:02:52.560 kind of dramatic effect in things like 66 00:02:52.560 --> 00:02:54.660 movie trailers so in the previews to 67 00:02:54.660 --> 00:02:57.300 movies so for example you might see a 68 00:02:57.300 --> 00:02:59.459 preview for like an action movie or an 69 00:02:59.459 --> 00:03:01.560 adventure movie that says you thought 70 00:03:01.560 --> 00:03:04.139 you knew everything until now or 71 00:03:04.139 --> 00:03:06.419 something like that you might hear until 72 00:03:06.419 --> 00:03:10.019 now used in this way that until now is 73 00:03:10.019 --> 00:03:12.540 is kind of marking some kind of dramatic 74 00:03:12.540 --> 00:03:15.000 point or some kind of change point we 75 00:03:15.000 --> 00:03:17.760 don't use so far in that way so far 76 00:03:17.760 --> 00:03:19.680 isn't really used to Mark a point of 77 00:03:19.680 --> 00:03:22.440 change until now suggests that something 78 00:03:22.440 --> 00:03:25.139 has happened that has changed everything 79 00:03:25.139 --> 00:03:28.019 that was before that point so when we 80 00:03:28.019 --> 00:03:30.239 say I've had a great week until now it 81 00:03:30.239 --> 00:03:32.220 sounds like things were great but now 82 00:03:32.220 --> 00:03:34.440 they're not so if it helps you you can 83 00:03:34.440 --> 00:03:37.319 think of until now as kind of being the 84 00:03:37.319 --> 00:03:40.080 opposite or a kind of contrast to what 85 00:03:40.080 --> 00:03:42.180 came before so in our first example 86 00:03:42.180 --> 00:03:43.860 sentence we had the word great right 87 00:03:43.860 --> 00:03:45.840 I've had a great week until now or I've 88 00:03:45.840 --> 00:03:48.060 had a good week until now so that until 89 00:03:48.060 --> 00:03:51.420 now says the condition of great stopped 90 00:03:51.420 --> 00:03:53.760 right it changed in some way or in the 91 00:03:53.760 --> 00:03:56.040 example of the movie preview when they 92 00:03:56.040 --> 00:03:57.659 say something like you thought you knew 93 00:03:57.659 --> 00:03:59.580 the whole story until now or whatever 94 00:03:59.580 --> 00:04:01.560 it's some kind of change so you're 95 00:04:01.560 --> 00:04:03.500 introducing some kind of new information 96 00:04:03.500 --> 00:04:06.780 after the until now point so until now 97 00:04:06.780 --> 00:04:09.959 is marking that change in condition or 98 00:04:09.959 --> 00:04:12.360 that kind of change in Behavior so 99 00:04:12.360 --> 00:04:14.340 although both of these are totally 100 00:04:14.340 --> 00:04:16.380 correct in the original example sentence 101 00:04:16.380 --> 00:04:18.779 they do have different feelings so keep 102 00:04:18.779 --> 00:04:19.979 this in mind when you're talking about 103 00:04:19.979 --> 00:04:22.440 your day or your year or your week or 104 00:04:22.440 --> 00:04:25.259 whatever until now and so far are both 105 00:04:25.259 --> 00:04:26.699 correct but they do have different 106 00:04:26.699 --> 00:04:28.800 feelings all right I hope that answers 107 00:04:28.800 --> 00:04:30.660 your question let's move on to our next 108 00:04:30.660 --> 00:04:33.779 question next question comes from Hugo 109 00:04:33.779 --> 00:04:36.419 hi Hugo Hugo says hi Alicia my question 110 00:04:36.419 --> 00:04:39.479 is there any difference between in case 111 00:04:39.479 --> 00:04:42.779 of and in the event of for example in 112 00:04:42.779 --> 00:04:44.820 case of rain the event will be canceled 113 00:04:44.820 --> 00:04:48.120 ah good question in case of and in the 114 00:04:48.120 --> 00:04:50.460 event of generally are used in the same 115 00:04:50.460 --> 00:04:53.279 situation we use these Expressions to 116 00:04:53.279 --> 00:04:55.620 talk about the possibility of something 117 00:04:55.620 --> 00:04:58.320 happening so in your example that's a 118 00:04:58.320 --> 00:05:00.360 really common example in case of rain 119 00:05:00.360 --> 00:05:02.220 the event will be canceled or we could 120 00:05:02.220 --> 00:05:04.740 say in the event of rain the event will 121 00:05:04.740 --> 00:05:06.960 be canceled so both of these just mean 122 00:05:06.960 --> 00:05:09.479 if essentially if there's rain the event 123 00:05:09.479 --> 00:05:10.680 will be canceled canceled that's 124 00:05:10.680 --> 00:05:13.080 essentially what they mean so generally 125 00:05:13.080 --> 00:05:15.900 speaking we use in case of and in the 126 00:05:15.900 --> 00:05:19.020 event of in the same way however I would 127 00:05:19.020 --> 00:05:21.720 say that perhaps in the event of tends 128 00:05:21.720 --> 00:05:24.000 to be used a little bit more often in 129 00:05:24.000 --> 00:05:25.919 more formal or more official 130 00:05:25.919 --> 00:05:28.800 documentation so you might see in the 131 00:05:28.800 --> 00:05:31.320 event of in the small text like at the 132 00:05:31.320 --> 00:05:33.120 back of an agreement or at the back of a 133 00:05:33.120 --> 00:05:35.279 manual or something like that so you 134 00:05:35.279 --> 00:05:36.720 might see this when people are talking 135 00:05:36.720 --> 00:05:39.240 about like Insurance conditions or 136 00:05:39.240 --> 00:05:41.460 emergency conditions another place you 137 00:05:41.460 --> 00:05:43.080 might see this is on like an airplane 138 00:05:43.080 --> 00:05:45.180 for example where it says in the event 139 00:05:45.180 --> 00:05:47.580 of a water landing your cushion can be 140 00:05:47.580 --> 00:05:49.919 used as a flotation device so these 141 00:05:49.919 --> 00:05:52.320 kinds of official situations might use 142 00:05:52.320 --> 00:05:55.139 the in the event of pattern more so than 143 00:05:55.139 --> 00:05:58.139 the in case of pattern in case of would 144 00:05:58.139 --> 00:06:00.120 probably be used more when we're talking 145 00:06:00.120 --> 00:06:02.279 about events or things that are part of 146 00:06:02.279 --> 00:06:04.440 a schedule for example like a classroom 147 00:06:04.440 --> 00:06:06.539 schedule like I said an event schedule 148 00:06:06.539 --> 00:06:08.759 of some kind maybe a train or a bus 149 00:06:08.759 --> 00:06:11.100 schedule as well things that are maybe a 150 00:06:11.100 --> 00:06:13.860 little bit less serious and then in the 151 00:06:13.860 --> 00:06:15.660 event Dev might be used more for things 152 00:06:15.660 --> 00:06:17.460 that are a little bit more official like 153 00:06:17.460 --> 00:06:20.699 insurance or safety regulations so they 154 00:06:20.699 --> 00:06:22.440 do mean the same thing they just mean if 155 00:06:22.440 --> 00:06:24.000 this happens then something else will 156 00:06:24.000 --> 00:06:26.220 happen but I hope that this answers your 157 00:06:26.220 --> 00:06:27.900 question thanks very much for sending it 158 00:06:27.900 --> 00:06:30.060 along okay let's move on to your next 159 00:06:30.060 --> 00:06:32.279 question next question comes from 160 00:06:32.279 --> 00:06:34.800 Ibrahim hi Ibrahim Ibrahim says hi 161 00:06:34.800 --> 00:06:37.680 Alicia I have a question about might and 162 00:06:37.680 --> 00:06:40.259 could with B is there a difference 163 00:06:40.259 --> 00:06:43.080 between that might be him and that could 164 00:06:43.080 --> 00:06:44.819 be him can I use them in the same 165 00:06:44.819 --> 00:06:47.100 situation thanks ah good question okay 166 00:06:47.100 --> 00:06:48.960 so a little bit of modal verb review 167 00:06:48.960 --> 00:06:52.020 here that might be him and that could be 168 00:06:52.020 --> 00:06:54.240 him are both completely correct 169 00:06:54.240 --> 00:06:57.060 sentences they're 100 correct but yes 170 00:06:57.060 --> 00:06:59.520 there is a difference between the two so 171 00:06:59.520 --> 00:07:01.620 you might use these Expressions if 172 00:07:01.620 --> 00:07:03.120 you're in a situation where you're 173 00:07:03.120 --> 00:07:04.979 looking for someone like you're talking 174 00:07:04.979 --> 00:07:06.660 to your co-workers and you're looking 175 00:07:06.660 --> 00:07:09.180 for someone else in a crowd and you 176 00:07:09.180 --> 00:07:11.460 could say that my be him or that could 177 00:07:11.460 --> 00:07:13.440 be him so what's the difference here 178 00:07:13.440 --> 00:07:16.380 let's start with could when you say that 179 00:07:16.380 --> 00:07:18.720 could be him it means there is a 180 00:07:18.720 --> 00:07:21.240 possibility that's him so maybe you 181 00:07:21.240 --> 00:07:23.460 can't see the person clearly you just 182 00:07:23.460 --> 00:07:26.460 want to express the possibility that 183 00:07:26.460 --> 00:07:28.440 that's the person you're looking for so 184 00:07:28.440 --> 00:07:30.060 maybe if you don't know what the person 185 00:07:30.060 --> 00:07:31.860 looks like but you just have some kind 186 00:07:31.860 --> 00:07:34.440 of basic idea and the guy maybe arrives 187 00:07:34.440 --> 00:07:36.720 on time or he's in the place you're 188 00:07:36.720 --> 00:07:39.180 expecting you might say that could be 189 00:07:39.180 --> 00:07:41.880 him which means it is possible that that 190 00:07:41.880 --> 00:07:44.220 is the person we're looking for so could 191 00:07:44.220 --> 00:07:47.520 expresses this basic possibility feeling 192 00:07:47.520 --> 00:07:49.680 it's just possibility we're not saying 193 00:07:49.680 --> 00:07:51.900 there's a chance or anything like that 194 00:07:51.900 --> 00:07:53.699 we're just saying there's a possibility 195 00:07:53.699 --> 00:07:55.440 that's the person we're looking for 196 00:07:55.440 --> 00:07:58.020 however with the sentence that might be 197 00:07:58.020 --> 00:08:00.060 him it sounds like there's a little bit 198 00:08:00.060 --> 00:08:03.060 of Hope like maybe there's a possibility 199 00:08:03.060 --> 00:08:05.160 yes and I think there's a chance it 200 00:08:05.160 --> 00:08:07.080 might be true so that's the difference 201 00:08:07.080 --> 00:08:10.199 here between might and could when we we 202 00:08:10.199 --> 00:08:12.180 say that could be it just sounds like 203 00:08:12.180 --> 00:08:14.580 it's a possibility statement when we say 204 00:08:14.580 --> 00:08:16.919 might be there's that feeling of Hope of 205 00:08:16.919 --> 00:08:18.780 some kind of expectation that it's 206 00:08:18.780 --> 00:08:21.300 correct okay let's take a look at one 207 00:08:21.300 --> 00:08:23.520 more example situation that uses the 208 00:08:23.520 --> 00:08:25.379 same Concepts so let's imagine that 209 00:08:25.379 --> 00:08:27.300 you're using your phone to search for a 210 00:08:27.300 --> 00:08:29.639 location you arrive and you look around 211 00:08:29.639 --> 00:08:32.219 and you think Hmm should I say this 212 00:08:32.219 --> 00:08:34.500 might be the right location or should I 213 00:08:34.500 --> 00:08:36.240 say this could be the right location 214 00:08:36.240 --> 00:08:40.200 again both sentences are 100 correct so 215 00:08:40.200 --> 00:08:42.120 when you check your phone and you think 216 00:08:42.120 --> 00:08:44.399 Hmm okay this could be the right 217 00:08:44.399 --> 00:08:47.519 location it means it's possible I'm in 218 00:08:47.519 --> 00:08:49.019 the right location there is a 219 00:08:49.019 --> 00:08:51.360 possibility there is a chance I'm not 220 00:08:51.360 --> 00:08:53.040 saying that it's good or bad just I just 221 00:08:53.040 --> 00:08:55.260 want to say like a neutral report of 222 00:08:55.260 --> 00:08:57.899 possibility however if I say hmm this 223 00:08:57.899 --> 00:08:59.760 might be the right place it sounds like 224 00:08:59.760 --> 00:09:01.920 there's a little bit of expectation that 225 00:09:01.920 --> 00:09:05.580 I am correct so I'm not 100 sure but 226 00:09:05.580 --> 00:09:07.200 there's a little bit of that feeling 227 00:09:07.200 --> 00:09:10.380 there that I think I think I I'm on to 228 00:09:10.380 --> 00:09:12.240 something here I think I maybe have it 229 00:09:12.240 --> 00:09:14.580 that's the feeling here so again could 230 00:09:14.580 --> 00:09:16.559 gives us that neutral report of 231 00:09:16.559 --> 00:09:19.080 possibility might gives us a little bit 232 00:09:19.080 --> 00:09:20.820 of a chance that we're correct at least 233 00:09:20.820 --> 00:09:23.040 in a positive sentence so I hope that 234 00:09:23.040 --> 00:09:24.360 this helps you understand the 235 00:09:24.360 --> 00:09:26.940 differences between might be and could 236 00:09:26.940 --> 00:09:28.559 be thanks very much for sending this 237 00:09:28.559 --> 00:09:30.420 question in all right that is everything 238 00:09:30.420 --> 00:09:32.279 that I have for this week thank you as 239 00:09:32.279 --> 00:09:33.660 always for sending your super great 240 00:09:33.660 --> 00:09:35.279 questions remember you can send them to 241 00:09:35.279 --> 00:09:38.279 me at englishclass101.com ask hyphen 242 00:09:38.279 --> 00:09:40.380 Alicia there is also a link to the 243 00:09:40.380 --> 00:09:42.480 official question submission page in the 244 00:09:42.480 --> 00:09:43.980 YouTube description so don't forget to 245 00:09:43.980 --> 00:09:45.899 check that out too if you like this 246 00:09:45.899 --> 00:09:47.279 lesson please please please don't forget 247 00:09:47.279 --> 00:09:49.260 to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to 248 00:09:49.260 --> 00:09:51.420 this channel if you haven't already also 249 00:09:51.420 --> 00:09:53.640 check us out at englishclass101.com for 250 00:09:53.640 --> 00:09:55.019 some other things that can help you with 251 00:09:55.019 --> 00:09:56.880 your English studies thanks very much 252 00:09:56.880 --> 00:09:58.260 for watching this week's episode of ask 253 00:09:58.260 --> 00:09:59.940 Alicia and I will see you again next 254 00:09:59.940 --> 00:10:02.779 time bye 255 00:10:07.399 --> 00:10:10.399 thank you