WEBVTT FILE

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Hi, I'm Vanessa from SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.com.

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I don't, I didn't.

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Let's talk about it.

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One of the worst listening mistakes you can
have is when you think someone said I have,

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when really they said I haven't.

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When you think they said yes, but really they
said no, you could find yourself in a really

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tough situation.

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Or to use a lovely idiom, you could find yourself
in a jam.

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You might be surprised, but this happens a
lot.

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Today I want to help you pronounce accurately
negative contractions.

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A contraction is when we put two words together
and put an apostrophe in the middle.

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Usually it's a subject in a verb like these:
I am becomes I'm, we have becomes we've, and

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what is becomes what's.

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Most positive contractions like these are
pretty easy to hear, but negative contractions

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are a little bit trickier.

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Let's look at this sentence.

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We weren't ready for the party.

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We weren't ready for the party.

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What letter do you not hear?

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We weren't ready.

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Weren't ready.

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It's that final T. If I said it clearly we
weren't ready, it would be pretty simple to

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understand this because that T helps you to
realize, "Oh, this is a negative contraction."

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But I have some bad news.

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In fast English, usually that final T is stopped
short.

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We call this a stop T. Listen carefully again.

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We weren't ready.

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My tongue is stopped at the top of my mouth.

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It's trying to make the T sound, but no air
comes out.

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We weren't ready.

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As we go through these contractions, I want
to help you understand negative contractions

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more clearly.

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But do you know what?

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Sometimes native speakers ask for clarification,
too.

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So for me, I might ask another native speaker,
"Wait, did you say you were ready or you weren't

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ready?"

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Emphasizing that T. So if you need to ask
for clarification in the middle of a conversation,

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it is essential to know if someone is using
a positive or negative sentence, so feel free

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to ask them for clarification.

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There are specifically two pronunciation rules
that we're going to be talking about for negative

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contractions, but I find it easiest to talk
about the rules when we are already talking

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about some examples.

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So let's get started with the first negative
contraction: is, isn't.

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Is, isn't.

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You could say isn't with a clear T, but in
fast conversations, we're often going to cut

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off that T and make it a stop t.

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Let's look at these sentences.

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My cat is playing.

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My cat isn't playing.

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Listen carefully for the difference here.

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You're not going to hear a T sound, but there
is a difference.

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My cat is playing.

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My cat isn't playing.

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Did you hear a little vowel sound that was
added in that second negative contraction,

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isn't, isn't.

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There's a little sound added between the S
and the N.

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This is called a schwa sounds, and it shows
up a lot, all over English.

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Isn't.

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Isn't.

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This is the first rule dealing with negative
contractions.

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A lot of words that have two consonants side-by-side,
S and an N in this word, are going to have

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a little added schwa sound, isn't, isn't,
so you're going to have to train your ears

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to listen carefully for that little added
schwa sound.

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Let's go to the next negative contraction,
where you'll meet the second rule that will

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help you to pronounce these negative contractions
naturally: are, aren't, are, aren't.

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Let's look at this sentence.

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My cats are playing.

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My cats aren't playing.

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My cats are playing.

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My cats aren't playing.

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You could say my cats aren't playing with
a clear T, but like I said, in fast conversation,

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you're not going to hear that, so I want you
to be able to train your ears to hear the

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correct positive or negative word.

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When I say that full negative sentence, listen
for a quick pause or stop after the contraction.

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My cats aren't playing.

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My cats aren't playing.

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That's because the word aren't with the clear
T, that T is going to be a stop T. There's

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no added schwa sound like in the first rule,
but instead there's going to be a stop happening,

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a slight pause before saying the next word.

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Listen carefully.

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My cats aren't playing.

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My cats aren't playing.

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There's a pause because my tongue is stopped
at the top of my mouth.

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My cats aren't playing.

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My cats aren't playing.

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Now that we've mentioned these two rules for
dealing with negative contractions, let's

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go on to all of the negative contractions
that you might encounter.

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You'll be able to hear if it's the first role,
which uses that added schwa sound, isn't,

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isn't, or if it's simply a stop T with a little
pause afterwards aren't, aren't.

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Let's go to the list of negative contractions.

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Was, wasn't, was wasn't.

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My cat was playing.

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My cat wasn't playing.

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Can you guess which rule this contraction
uses?

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Wasn't.

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Do you hear a little schwa sound added?

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Wasn't.

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In my throat, here.

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Wasn't.

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It's using that first rule because we're adding
that slight schwa sound.

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What I want you to do during lesson is I want
you to try to say these sentences with me.

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Try to say the positive sentence.

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Try to say that negative sentence.

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It's going to challenge your pronunciation
muscles, but it will also help you to remember

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how these are accurately pronounced because
you're practicing it right now.

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All right, let's go to the next one.

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Were, weren't, were, weren't.

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My cats were playing.

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My cats weren't playing.

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My cats were playing.

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My cats weren't playing.

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Which rule is this negative contraction using?

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Weren't, weren't.

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It's using that second rule.

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Just a stop T at the end.

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If we used the first rule and we added a schwa
sound, it would sound like my cats weren't

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playing, and that is not natural.

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We don't want to add a schwa sound if there
shouldn't be one.

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So this is a good chance for your mind to
be immersed in all of these contractions and

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remember the correct ones.

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Say these sentences with me.

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My cats were playing.

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My cats weren't playing.

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Have, haven't.

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Have, haven't.

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My cats have played, my cats haven't played.

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My cats have played, my cats haven't played.

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Can you guess which rule this contraction
uses?

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It's the first one.

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We added a little schwa sound.

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Haven't.

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Haven't.

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Haven't.

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Say that sentence with me.

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My cats haven't played.

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Has, hasn't, has, hasn't.

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My cat has played.

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My cat hasn't played.

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My cat has played.

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My cat hasn't played.

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Which rule is this one using?

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Hasn't.

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Do you hear that little schwa sound added?

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It's the first rule.

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My cat hasn't played.

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Say that with me.

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My cat hasn't played.

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Had, hadn't.

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Had, hadn't.

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My cat had played, my cat hadn't played.

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My cat hadn't played.

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Which rule is this?

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It's that first one.

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There's a little schwa sound added.

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Listen carefully.

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My cat hadn't.

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My cat hadn't played.

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Say it with me.

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My cat hadn't played.

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Do, don't.

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Do, don't.

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My cats do play.

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My cats don't play.

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Listen carefully.

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My cats do play.

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My cats don't play.

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The difference is very slight.

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Which role do you think is being used here?

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Don't.

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Don't.

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Do you hear any added schwa sounds?

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No.

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This is going to be the second rule, which
uses just the stop T. Don't.

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My tongue is stopped at top of my mouth.

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If we use that first rule, it would sound
like don't or something that's not very natural.

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So make sure that you just use the stop T.
My cats don't play.

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If you're curious about the grammar of that
first positive sentence, my cats do play.

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Why are there two verbs side by side?

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One of them is do, one of them is play.

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Is this correct grammar?

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Yes, it is.

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We often use do for emphasis, and if you'd
like to see how you can use that in other

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situations, I made a video about this.

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Native speakers use it all the time.

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You can check out that grammar lesson up here.

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Does, doesn't, does, doesn't.

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My cat does play often.

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My cat doesn't play often.

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Which rule is being used here?

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My cat doesn't play often.

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Do you hear that added schwa sound in my throat?

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Doesn't.

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Doesn't.

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It's rule number one.

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We're adding that little schwa sound.

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Say it with me.

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My cat doesn't play often.

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And if you're curious, is it pronounced often
or often?

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I'm going to leave it a mystery.

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You can check out this video I made up here,
talking about which one of these is correct.

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All right, let's go to the next contraction.

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Did, didn't, did, didn't.

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My cat did play.

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My cat didn't play.

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What is happening here?

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My cat didn't play.

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Which rule is being used here first?

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Let's get that taken care of.

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My cat didn't.

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Do you hear my throat making that little schwa
sound?

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Didn't.

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It's going to be rule number one.

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Didn't.

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But there's something else that's happening
here.

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That second D is going to be stopped short.

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So it sounds like dih and then unh.

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It seems quite strange when we slow it down
like that, but it's completely natural to

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say.

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My cat didn't play.

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My cat didn't play.

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Can, can't, can, can't.

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My cats can play.

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My cats can't play.

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My cats can play.

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My cats can't play.

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Which role is being used here?

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Do you hear any added schwa sounds?

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Can't.

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Nope.

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Instead, it's just that stop T at the end.

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It's rule number two.

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Can't.

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Can't.

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Say it with me.

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My cats can't play.

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If you tried to add a schwa sound can, it
just sounds unnatural.

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So make sure you say, my cats can't play.

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Will, won't, will won't.

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My cats will play.

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My cats won't play.

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This is the most simple because there's actually
two different spellings, two different vowel

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sounds that are happening here.

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Listen for the vows.

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My cats will play, that short I.

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My cats will play.

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Or in the negative contraction, my cats won't
play.

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There's still a stop T happening, so it's
still using that second rule.

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Won't.

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We're not hearing that T. But because the
vowel sound is different, it's a little bit

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easier to understand that someone's using
a negative word compared to a positive word.

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Say it with me.

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My cats won't play.

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My cats won't play.

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Could, couldn't, could, couldn't.

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My cats could play.

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00:12:34.550 --> 00:12:37.850
My cats couldn't play.

257
00:12:37.850 --> 00:12:39.179
Which rule is this?

258
00:12:39.179 --> 00:12:42.518
We're adding a little schwa sound, rule number
one.

259
00:12:42.519 --> 00:12:43.679
Couldn't.

260
00:12:43.679 --> 00:12:44.839
Couldn't.

261
00:12:44.839 --> 00:12:45.839
Say it with me.

262
00:12:45.839 --> 00:12:48.320
My cats couldn't play.

263
00:12:48.320 --> 00:12:50.759
My cats couldn't play.

264
00:12:50.759 --> 00:12:53.018
Would, wouldn't.

265
00:12:53.019 --> 00:12:55.290
Would, wouldn't.

266
00:12:55.290 --> 00:12:57.190
My cats would play.

267
00:12:57.190 --> 00:12:59.940
My cats wouldn't play.

268
00:12:59.940 --> 00:13:01.720
My cats would play.

269
00:13:01.720 --> 00:13:03.649
My cats wouldn't play.

270
00:13:03.649 --> 00:13:07.649
When we slow it down, it's a little bit awkward.

271
00:13:07.649 --> 00:13:12.720
That's why we use this only for fast English,
when we cut off the T at the end.

272
00:13:12.720 --> 00:13:16.259
Wouldn't, wouldn't, wouldn't play.

273
00:13:16.259 --> 00:13:17.529
Which role is being used here?

274
00:13:17.529 --> 00:13:20.119
Well, we're adding a little schwa sound.

275
00:13:20.119 --> 00:13:21.189
Wouldn't.

276
00:13:21.189 --> 00:13:24.399
You hear that?

277
00:13:24.399 --> 00:13:25.470
Wouldn't.

278
00:13:25.470 --> 00:13:28.378
My cats wouldn't play.

279
00:13:28.379 --> 00:13:33.249
Should, shouldn't, should, shouldn't.

280
00:13:33.249 --> 00:13:36.010
My cats should play.

281
00:13:36.010 --> 00:13:40.040
My cats shouldn't play.

282
00:13:40.040 --> 00:13:41.759
Shouldn't.

283
00:13:41.759 --> 00:13:42.819
Which rule is this?

284
00:13:42.819 --> 00:13:43.819
It's rule number one.

285
00:13:43.819 --> 00:13:45.389
We're adding a little schwa sounds.

286
00:13:45.389 --> 00:13:47.149
Say that negative sentence with me.

287
00:13:47.149 --> 00:13:49.920
My cats shouldn't play.

288
00:13:49.920 --> 00:13:51.578
My cats shouldn't play.

289
00:13:51.578 --> 00:13:53.719
I don't know why they shouldn't play.

290
00:13:53.720 --> 00:13:57.110
Maybe they had some surgery and need to recover.

291
00:13:57.110 --> 00:13:59.369
My cats shouldn't play.

292
00:13:59.369 --> 00:14:00.369
Whew.

293
00:14:00.369 --> 00:14:02.720
That was a lot of contractions to practice.

294
00:14:02.720 --> 00:14:04.679
Now let's review them together.

295
00:14:04.679 --> 00:14:10.349
I've combined all of the negative contractions
that use rule one together so your mouth gets

296
00:14:10.350 --> 00:14:12.920
used to using that rule one.

297
00:14:12.920 --> 00:14:17.149
And then I've combined all of the contractions
that use rule two together.

298
00:14:17.149 --> 00:14:20.970
What I'd like you to do is, I'm going to say
each sentence twice, I want you to listen

299
00:14:20.970 --> 00:14:22.389
the first time.

300
00:14:22.389 --> 00:14:25.289
The second time, speak out loud with me.

301
00:14:25.290 --> 00:14:26.290
Repeat.

302
00:14:26.290 --> 00:14:28.119
Use your beautiful speaking muscles.

303
00:14:28.119 --> 00:14:29.119
Let's do it.

304
00:14:29.119 --> 00:14:31.829
My cat isn't playing.

305
00:14:31.829 --> 00:14:34.699
My cat isn't playing.

306
00:14:34.699 --> 00:14:37.549
My cat wasn't playing.

307
00:14:37.549 --> 00:14:40.660
My cat wasn't playing.

308
00:14:40.660 --> 00:14:43.630
My cats haven't played.

309
00:14:43.630 --> 00:14:46.768
My cats haven't played.

310
00:14:46.769 --> 00:14:49.679
My cat hasn't played.

311
00:14:49.679 --> 00:14:52.739
My cat hasn't played.

312
00:14:52.739 --> 00:14:55.680
My cats hadn't played.

313
00:14:55.680 --> 00:14:58.889
My cats hadn't played.

314
00:14:58.889 --> 00:15:02.148
My cat doesn't play often.

315
00:15:02.149 --> 00:15:05.489
My cat doesn't play often.

316
00:15:05.489 --> 00:15:08.230
My cats didn't play.

317
00:15:08.230 --> 00:15:11.089
My cats didn't play.

318
00:15:11.089 --> 00:15:13.730
My cats couldn't play.

319
00:15:13.730 --> 00:15:16.730
My cats couldn't play.

320
00:15:16.730 --> 00:15:19.550
My cats wouldn't play.

321
00:15:19.550 --> 00:15:22.550
My cats wouldn't play.

322
00:15:22.550 --> 00:15:25.369
My cats shouldn't play.

323
00:15:25.369 --> 00:15:28.249
My cats shouldn't play.

324
00:15:28.250 --> 00:15:30.638
My cats aren't playing.

325
00:15:30.639 --> 00:15:33.410
My cats aren't playing.

326
00:15:33.410 --> 00:15:38.949
My cats weren't playing, my cats weren't playing.

327
00:15:38.949 --> 00:15:41.319
My cats don't play.

328
00:15:41.319 --> 00:15:43.839
My cats don't play.

329
00:15:43.839 --> 00:15:46.329
My cats can't play.

330
00:15:46.329 --> 00:15:48.939
My cats can't play.

331
00:15:48.939 --> 00:15:51.329
My cats won't play.

332
00:15:51.329 --> 00:15:53.680
My cats won't play.

333
00:15:53.680 --> 00:15:54.680
Great work.

334
00:15:54.680 --> 00:15:57.540
We talked about my cats playing a lot today.

335
00:15:57.540 --> 00:16:02.550
If you would like to continue practicing negative
contractions, especially in real life conversations,

336
00:16:02.550 --> 00:16:07.670
I invite you to check out the 30 day English
listening challenge.

337
00:16:07.670 --> 00:16:12.209
In this course, I will send you a short lesson
every day for 30 days.

338
00:16:12.209 --> 00:16:18.350
It should take you five to 10 minutes to complete,
and you'll be able to hear natural negative

339
00:16:18.350 --> 00:16:22.379
contractions and other vocabulary expressions
that we use in daily life.

340
00:16:22.379 --> 00:16:25.959
Hundreds of other English learners have already
finished this course and loved it.

341
00:16:25.959 --> 00:16:27.829
So I hope that you will, as well.

342
00:16:27.829 --> 00:16:31.220
Click up here for some more information about
how to become my student.

343
00:16:31.220 --> 00:16:32.800
Now I have a question for you.

344
00:16:32.800 --> 00:16:34.079
Let me know in the comments.

345
00:16:34.079 --> 00:16:37.869
Can you make a sentence using one of these
negative contractions?

346
00:16:37.869 --> 00:16:41.739
Make sure that you read it out loud and exercise
your pronunciation muscles.

347
00:16:41.739 --> 00:16:46.290
Thank you so much for learning English with
me, and I'll see you again next Friday for

348
00:16:46.290 --> 00:16:48.850
a new lesson here on my YouTube channel.

349
00:16:48.850 --> 00:16:49.850
Bye.

350
00:16:49.850 --> 00:16:54.089
The next step is to join the 30 Day English
Listening Challenge.

351
00:16:54.089 --> 00:16:59.039
You'll be on the right path to increasing
your listening skills and understanding fast

352
00:16:59.040 --> 00:17:00.749
English speakers.

353
00:17:00.749 --> 00:17:04.419
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel
for more free lessons.

354
00:17:04.419 --> 00:17:05.419
Thanks so much.

355
00:17:05.419 --> 00:17:05.610
Bye.