پی اس ا پادتن ویژه پروستات به عربی مستضد بروستاتی نوعی

PSA در مقادیر بسیار کم٬ درون سرم همه مردان دارای پروستات سالم وجود دارد، اما اغلب در حضور سرطان پروستات یا دیگر اختلالات پروستات مقدار آن بالا خواهد بود.
جستارهای وابسته [ویرایش]
نشانگر تومور
منابع [ویرایش]
↑ Balk SP, Ko YJ, Bubley GJ ( January 2003 ) . "Biology of prostate - specific antigen". J. Clin. Oncol. 21 ( 2 ) : 383–91. DOI:10. 1200/JCO. 2003. 02. 083. PMID 12525533.
↑ Hellstrom WJG, ed. ( 1999 ) . "Chapter 8: What is the prostate and what is its function?". American Society of Andrology Handbook. San Francisco: American Society of Andrology. ISBN 1 - 891276 - 02 - 6. http://www. andrologysociety. com/resources/handbook/ch. 8. asp. Retrieved 2006 - 09 - 17.
پیوند به بیرون [ویرایش]
جمعیت سرطان امریکا: Detailed Guide: Prostate Cancer Can Prostate Cancer Be Found Early?
انستیتو ملی سرطان: The Prostate - Specific Antigen ( PSA ) Test: Questions and Answers
Prostate UK Help us stop prostate diseases ruining lives
رده ها: آندرولوژی پروتئین های انسانی جراحی کلیه و مجاری ادراری
قس انگلیسی
Prostate - specific antigen ( PSA ) , also known as gamma - seminoprotein or kallikrein - 3 ( KLK3 ) , is a glycoprotein enzyme encoded in humans by the KLK3 gene. PSA is a member of the kallikrein - related peptidase family and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. PSA is produced for the ejaculate, where it liquefies semen in the seminal coagulum and allows sperm to swim freely. [2] It is also believed to be instrumental in dissolving cervical mucus, allowing the entry of sperm into the uterus. [3]
PSA is present in small quantities in the serum of men with healthy prostates, but is often elevated in the presence of prostate cancer or other prostate disorders. [4] The United States Preventive Services Task Force ( USPSTF, 2012 ) does not recommend PSA screening, noting that the test may result in “overdiagnosis” and “overtreatment” because "most prostate cancer is asymptomatic for life, " and treatments involve risks of complications. The USPSTF concludes "the potential benefit does not outweigh the expected harms. "[5]
Contents [show]
[edit]Medical uses
[edit]Prostate cancer
[edit]Screening
Main article: Prostate cancer screening
Clinical practice guidelines for prostate cancer screening vary and are controversial due to uncertainty as to whether the benefits of screening ultimately outweigh the risks of overdiagnosis. [6] A review commissioned by the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force concluded that "Prostate - specific antigen - based screening results in small or no reduction in prostate cancer - specific mortality and is associated with harms related to subsequent evaluation and treatments, some of which may be unnecessary, "[5] or more simply, "[t]he potential benefit does not outweigh the expected harms" in patients not already diagnosed or being treated for prostate cancer. While PSA testing may help 1 in 1000 avoid death due to prostate cancer, 4 to 5 in 1000 would die from prostate cancer after 10 years even with screening. Expected harms include anxiety for 100 – 120 receiving false positives, biopsy pain, and other complications from biopsy for false positive tests. Of those found to have prostate cancer, frequent overdiagnosis is common because most cases of prostate cancer are not expected to cause any symptoms. Men found to have prostate cancer usually ( up to 90% of cases ) elect to receive treatment. Therefore many will experience the side effects of treatment, such as for every 1000 men screened, 29 will experience erectile dysfunction, 18 will suffer urinary incontinence, 2 will have serious cardiovascular events, 1 will suffer pulmonary embolus or deep venous thrombosis, and 1 perioperative death. [5]
In the United States, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) has approved the PSA test for annual screening of prostate cancer in men of age 50 and older. The patient needs to be informed of the risks and benefits of PSA testing prior to performing the test. PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL ( nanograms per milliliter ) are considered to be suspicious and consideration should be given to confirming the abnormal PSA with a repeat test. If indicated, prostate biopsy is performed to obtain tissue sample for histopathological analysis. In the United Kingdom, the National Health Service ( 2005 ) does not mandate, nor advise for PSA test, but allows patients to decide based on their doctor's advice. [7]
[edit]Risk stratification and staging
People with localized ( non - metastatic ) prostate cancer may be charact . . .