path analysispath diagrampattern recognitionpatterned covariancespatterned meanspaulson approximationpayoff tablepcrpeak of an umbrellapeak testpeakednesspearl reed curvepearson system of distributionspecking orderpedigreepeeling datapenalized likelihoodpenalized maximum likelihood estimationpenaltypenetrancepentagammapentameanpercentagepercentilepercentile pointspercolation theoryperiodperiodic variationperiodicityperiodogram analysispermissible estimatorpermissible valuepermutationpermutation grouppermutation matrixpermutation modelpermutation testpermutational central limit theorempersonalistpersson rootzen estimatorperturbationpesotchinsky designpharmaceuticalphasephase frequency testphase type distributionphenomenaphenomenonphi coefficientphi deviation