root words

• Tenacity ( from tenacious ) : The quality of being determined or persistent.
• Voracity ( from voracious ) : The quality of being extremely eager or hungry, especially in relation to eating.
• Audacity ( from audacious ) : The quality of being bold or daring, often with a disregard for conventional behavior.
• - acity: پسوندی برای ایجاد اسم از صفت ها که نشان دهنده ویژگی یا حالت چیزی است.
• Tenacity – استقامت
• Voracity – حرص یا اشتهای زیاد
• Audacity – جسارت یا جرأت
این پسوند به طور معمول ویژگی خاصی از یک فرد یا شیء را توصیف می کند، مانند استقامت، جسارت یا حرص.
1 Tenacity – استقامت
◦ Meaning: The quality of being determined or persistent.
2 Voracity – حرص / اشتهای زیاد
◦ Meaning: The quality of being extremely eager, especially in relation to eating.
3 Audacity – جسارت
◦ Meaning: The quality of being bold, daring, or having a lack of respect for social conventions.
4 Ferocity – خشونت
◦ Meaning: The quality of being fierce, violent, or savagely intense.
5 Sagacity – هوش
◦ Meaning: The quality of being wise or having keen judgment.
6 Capacity – ظرفیت
◦ Meaning: The ability or power to do something, or the maximum amount something can hold.
7 Elasticity – کشش پذیری / الاستیسیته
◦ Meaning: The quality of being able to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed.
8 Intensity – شدت
◦ Meaning: The quality of being intense, or the degree of strength or force.
9 Rapacity – طمع
◦ Meaning: The quality of being aggressively greedy or predatory.
10 Frivolity – بی محتوایی / سبکی
◦ Meaning: The quality of being carefree or lacking seriousness, often in a way that is seen as inappropriate.
These words describe various qualities or states of being, often relating to certain behaviors, emotions, or characteristics.
chatgpt

2. **Sclerosis**
**Root:** Greek **"skleros"** ( hard ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** The abnormal hardening of body tissue.
**Farsi:** اسکلروز، سفت شدن غیرطبیعی بافت بدن.
3. **Psychosis**
**Root:** Greek **"psyche"** ( mind ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** A severe mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality.
**Farsi:** روان پریشی، اختلال شدید روانی با گسیختگی از واقعیت.
4. **Tuberculosis**
**Root:** Latin **"tuberculum"** ( small swelling ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** An infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs.
**Farsi:** سل، بیماری عفونی که عمدتاً ریه ها را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد.
5. **Fibrosis**
**Root:** Latin **"fibra"** ( fiber ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** The thickening or scarring of connective tissue.
**Farsi:** فیبروز، ضخیم شدن یا زخم شدن بافت همبند.
6. **Cirrhosis**
**Root:** Greek **"kirrhos"** ( yellow ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** A chronic liver disease marked by scarring.
**Farsi:** سیروز، بیماری مزمن کبد که با زخم شدن مشخص می شود.
7. **Leukocytosis**
**Root:** Greek **"leukos"** ( white ) **"kytos"** ( cell ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** An increase in the number of white blood cells.
**Farsi:** لکوسیتوز، افزایش تعداد گلبول های سفید خون.
8. **Osteoporosis**
**Root:** Greek **"osteon"** ( bone ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** A condition where bones become brittle and fragile.
**Farsi:** پوکی استخوان، وضعیتی که در آن استخوان ها شکننده و ضعیف می شوند.
9. **Arthrosis**
**Root:** Greek **"arthron"** ( joint ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** A form of arthritis that results in the degeneration of joint cartilage.
**Farsi:** آرتروز، نوعی از آرتریت که منجر به تحلیل غضروف مفاصل می شود.
10. **Hemosiderosis**
**Root:** Greek **"haima"** ( blood ) **"sideros"** ( iron ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** An abnormal accumulation of iron in tissues.
**Farsi:** هموسیدرواز، تجمع غیرطبیعی آهن در بافت ها.
11. **Neurosis**
**Root:** Greek **"neuron"** ( nerve ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** A mild mental illness characterized by anxiety or obsessive thoughts.
**Farsi:** نوروز، بیماری روانی خفیف با ویژگی هایی مانند اضطراب یا افکار وسواسی.
12. **Halitosis**
**Root:** Latin **"halitus"** ( breath ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** Bad breath.
**Farsi:** بوی بد دهان.
13. **Mycosis**
**Root:** Greek **"mykes"** ( fungus ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** A fungal infection.
**Farsi:** مایکوز، عفونت قارچی.
14. **Cholelithiasis**
**Root:** Greek **"chole"** ( bile ) **"lithos"** ( stone ) **" - iasis"** ( condition )
**English:** The formation of gallstones.
**Farsi:** تشکیل سنگ کیسه صفرا.
15. **Goutyrosis**
**Root:** Latin **"gout"** ( a disease of joints ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** A form of arthritis caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals.
**Farsi:** نقرس، نوعی آرتریت که توسط رسوب بلورهای اسید اوریک ایجاد می شود.
16. **Toxicosis**
**Root:** Greek **"toxikon"** ( poison ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** Poisoning or a condition caused by toxins.
**Farsi:** مسمومیت، وضعیت ناشی از سموم.
17. **Dermatosis**
**Root:** Greek **"derma"** ( skin ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** A general term for skin diseases or conditions.
**Farsi:** درماتوز، اصطلاح عمومی برای بیماری های پوستی.
18. **Pneumoniosis**
**Root:** Greek **"pneumon"** ( lung ) **" - iosis"** ( condition )
**English:** A disease of the lungs caused by inhalation of dust or chemicals.
**Farsi:** پنومونیو، بیماری ریه ناشی از استنشاق گرد و غبار یا مواد شیمیایی.
19. **Rhinophyma**
**Root:** Greek **"rhino"** ( nose ) **"phyma"** ( growth )
**English:** A condition characterized by thickening and redness of the skin on the nose.
**Farsi:** رینوفیما، وضعیتی که با ضخیم شدن و قرمزی پوست بینی همراه است.
20. **Thrombosis**
**Root:** Greek **"thrombos"** ( clot ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** The formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel.
**Farsi:** ترومبوز، تشکیل لخته خون در داخل رگ های خونی.
21. **Mucositis**
**Root:** Latin **"mucus"** ( mucus ) **" - itis"** ( inflammation )
**English:** Inflammation of the mucous membranes.
**Farsi:** میکوزیت، التهاب غشای مخاطی.
22. **Chondrosis**
**Root:** Greek **"chondros"** ( cartilage ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** A condition affecting the cartilage, often involving degeneration.
**Farsi:** کوندروز، وضعیتی که غضروف را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد و معمولاً شامل تحلیل می شود.
23. **Hepatosis**
**Root:** Greek **"hepar"** ( liver ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** A liver disease often resulting in fat accumulation.
**Farsi:** هپاتوز، بیماری کبد که معمولاً باعث تجمع چربی می شود.
24. **Bacteriosis**
**Root:** Greek **"bakterion"** ( small staff ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** An infection caused by bacteria.
**Farsi:** باکتریوز، عفونت ناشی از باکتری ها.
25. **Rheumatism**
**Root:** Greek **"rheuma"** ( flow ) **" - ism"** ( condition )
**English:** A disorder affecting the joints, muscles, and tissues.
**Farsi:** روماتیسم، اختلالی که مفاصل، عضلات و بافت ها را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد.
26. **Mastitis**
**Root:** Greek **"mastos"** ( breast ) **" - itis"** ( inflammation )
**English:** Inflammation of the breast tissue.
**Farsi:** ماستیت، التهاب بافت پستان.
27. **Gingivitis**
**Root:** Latin **"gingiva"** ( gums ) **" - itis"** ( inflammation )
**English:** Inflammation of the gums.
**Farsi:** ژنژیویت، التهاب لثه.
28. **Cystosis**
**Root:** Greek **"kystis"** ( bladder ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
**English:** The formation of cysts in tissues or organs.
**Farsi:** کیستوز، تشکیل کیست ها در بافت ها یا ارگان ها.
29. **Dystosis**
**Root:** Greek **"dys"** ( bad ) **"osteon"** ( bone ) **" - osis"** ( condition )
chatgpt

Announcement
( announce - ment )
معنی: اطلاعیه، خبر رسمی.
Pronounce
( pro - "forth" nuntiare )
معنی: اظهار کردن، تلفظ کردن.
Pronouncement
( pronounce - ment )
معنی: اظهار رسمی یا حکم قاطع.
Denounce
( de - "down" nuntiare )
معنی: محکوم کردن علنی، متهم کردن.
Denunciation
( denounce - ation )
معنی: اعلام رسمی جرم یا خطا.
Renounce
( re - "back" nuntiare )
معنی: انکار کردن، رسماً دست کشیدن از چیزی.
Renunciation
( renounce - ation )
معنی: انکار یا چشم پوشی رسمی.
Enunciate
( e - "out" nuntiare )
معنی: به وضوح بیان کردن یا تلفظ کردن.
Enunciation
( enunciate - ion )
معنی: بیان روشن یا تلفظ دقیق.
chatgpt

- Vince ( from Latin *vincere* )
- Meaning ( EN ) : To conquer, defeat, or overcome.
- معنی ( FA ) : غلبه کردن، پیروز شدن، شکست دادن.
This root appears in many English words like victory, invincible, convince, vanquish, etc.
### 1. Vincible
- Root: *vince* ( to conquer ) * - ible* ( capable of )
- Definition ( EN ) : Capable of being conquered or defeated.
- تعریف ( FA ) : قابل شکست یا غلبه کردن.
Example: The army was confident, but their enemies proved that they were vincible.
مثال: ارتش اعتماد به نفس داشت، اما دشمنان نشان دادند که آن ها قابل شکست هستند.
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### 2. Invincible
- Root: *in - * ( not ) *vince* ( to conquer ) * - ible* ( capable of )
- Definition ( EN ) : Incapable of being conquered or defeated.
- تعریف ( FA ) : شکست ناپذیر و غیرقابل غلبه.
Example: The superhero was invincible against ordinary criminals.
مثال: آن ابرقهرمان در برابر جنایتکاران معمولی شکست ناپذیر بود.
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### 3. Victory
- Root: *vict* ( variant of *vince*, meaning "to conquer" ) * - ory* ( noun - forming suffix )
- Definition ( EN ) : The act of defeating an opponent or enemy.
- تعریف ( FA ) : پیروزی در برابر حریف یا دشمن.
Example: The team celebrated their victory after the championship match.
مثال: تیم پس از مسابقه قهرمانی، پیروزی خود را جشن گرفت.
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### 4. Victorious
- Root: *vict* ( to conquer ) * - orious* ( full of )
- Definition ( EN ) : Having won a victory.
- تعریف ( FA ) : پیروز شده، فاتح.
Example: The victorious army returned home in triumph.
مثال: ارتش پیروز با افتخار به خانه بازگشت.
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### 5. Convince
- Root: *con - * ( completely ) *vince* ( to conquer )
- Definition ( EN ) : To persuade someone to believe or do something.
- تعریف ( FA ) : قانع کردن کسی برای باور یا انجام کاری.
Example: She convinced him to join the debate club.
مثال: او او را قانع کرد که به باشگاه مناظره بپیوندد.
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### 6. Conviction
- Root: *con - * ( completely ) *vict* ( to conquer ) * - ion* ( noun - forming suffix )
- Definition ( EN ) : A strong belief or the act of being found guilty in a court of law.
- تعریف ( FA ) : اعتقاد راسخ یا محکومیت در دادگاه.
Example: His conviction in the cause kept him motivated.
مثال: اعتقاد راسخ او به این هدف، او را با انگیزه نگه داشت.
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### 7. Evince
- Root: *e - * ( out ) *vince* ( to conquer, show )
- Definition ( EN ) : To reveal or show clearly.
- تعریف ( FA ) : آشکار کردن، نشان دادن واضح.
Example: His speech evinced deep emotions.
مثال: سخنرانی او احساسات عمیقی را آشکار کرد.
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### 8. Vanquish
- Root: *vanqu* ( variant of *vince*, meaning "to conquer" ) * - ish* ( verb - forming suffix )
- Definition ( EN ) : To defeat completely.
- تعریف ( FA ) : به طور کامل شکست دادن.
Example: The hero vanquished the evil king in battle.
مثال: قهرمان، پادشاه ظالم را در نبرد شکست داد.
## 1. Convince
The lawyer tried to convince the jury of his client’s innocence by presenting compelling evidence. He carefully dismantled the prosecution’s argument, ensuring that every point was logically sound. However, the jury remained skeptical, requiring stronger proof. In the end, his ability to persuade them would determine his success in the case.
وکیل سعی کرد هیئت منصفه را متقاعد کند که موکلش بی گناه است، با ارائه شواهد قانع کننده. او با دقت استدلال دادستان را از هم پاشید و اطمینان حاصل کرد که هر نکته ای منطقی باشد. با این حال، هیئت منصفه همچنان مشکوک باقی ماند و به شواهد قوی تری نیاز داشت. در نهایت، توانایی او در متقاعد کردن آن ها موفقیتش را تعیین می کرد.
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## 2. Invincible
( Root: Latin *invincibilis* = "not able to be conquered" )
The ancient warrior believed himself to be invincible, marching into battle with unwavering confidence. His armor was impenetrable, his swordsmanship unmatched, and his reputation legendary. However, his arrogance blinded him to the evolving strategies of his enemies. In the end, his belief in his own invulnerability led to his downfall.
جنگجوی باستانی خود را شکست ناپذیر می دانست و با اعتماد به نفسی بی نظیر به میدان نبرد می رفت. زره او غیرقابل نفوذ بود، مهارت شمشیربازی اش بی همتا و شهرتش افسانه ای. اما غرور او، مانع از درک استراتژی های در حال تحول دشمنانش شد. در نهایت، باورش به شکست ناپذیری خود، منجر به سقوط او شد.
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## 3. Conviction
( Root: Latin *convictionem* = "a firm belief or proving guilt" )
Despite all obstacles, she pursued her dreams with unwavering conviction. Even when others doubted her abilities, she remained steadfast, knowing that success required persistence. Her belief in herself was her greatest strength, pushing her forward when everything seemed hopeless. Eventually, her determination led her to triumph.
با وجود همه موانع، او با باوری محکم به دنبال رویاهایش رفت. حتی زمانی که دیگران در توانایی هایش شک کردند، او ثابت قدم ماند، زیرا می دانست که موفقیت به پشتکار نیاز دارد. باورش به خودش بزرگ ترین نقطه قوت او بود و در لحظات ناامیدی او را به جلو می راند. در نهایت، اراده اش او را به پیروزی رساند.
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## 4. Victor
( Root: Latin *victor* = "one who conquers" )
The victor of the tournament stood tall, holding the championship trophy high above his head. His journey had been grueling, requiring months of rigorous training and discipline. Each opponent he faced had pushed him to his limits, yet he emerged stronger every time. Now, he stood as a symbol of perseverance and dedication.
برنده مسابقات با افتخار ایستاد و جام قهرمانی را بالای سرش نگه داشت. مسیر او پر از سختی بود و ماه ها تمرین شدید و انضباط را طلب می کرد. هر حریفی که با او روبه رو شد، او را به مرز توانایی هایش رساند، اما او هر بار قوی تر ظاهر شد. اکنون، او نمادی از استقامت و فداکاری بود.
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## 5. Victory
( Root: Latin *victoria* = "the act of conquering" )
After years of struggle, the revolutionaries finally achieved victory. Their sacrifices had not been in vain, as they had managed to overthrow the oppressive regime. The streets were filled with cheers and celebrations, marking the dawn of a new era. However, they knew that maintaining their hard - earned freedom would require even greater effort.
پس از سال ها مبارزه، انقلابیون سرانجام به پیروزی دست یافتند. فداکاری هایشان بی ثمر نبود، زیرا موفق شدند حکومت ستمگر را سرنگون کنند. خیابان ها پر از شادی و جشن بود و آغاز دوره ای جدید را نشان می داد. اما آن ها می دانستند که حفظ آزادی ای که به سختی به دست آورده اند، به تلاشی حتی بیشتر نیاز دارد.
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## 6. Victim
( Root: Latin *victima* = "one who is conquered or sacrificed" )
The detective examined the scene carefully, determined to find justice for the victim. The clues were scarce, but every detail mattered. As he pieced together the evidence, a dark truth began to emerge—one that revealed betrayal from the least expected person. The victim’s story, though tragic, would not be forgotten.
کارآگاه با دقت صحنه را بررسی کرد و مصمم بود که عدالت را برای قربانی اجرا کند. سرنخ ها کم بودند، اما هر جزئیات اهمیت داشت. هنگامی که او شواهد را کنار هم قرار داد، حقیقتی تاریک آشکار شد—حقیقتی که خیانتی را از سوی غیرمنتظره ترین شخص نشان می داد. داستان قربانی، هرچند غم انگیز، فراموش نخواهد شد.
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## 7. Evince
( Root: Latin *evincere* = "to conquer outwardly, to show clearly" )
Her passionate speech evinced a deep understanding of the subject. Every argument she made was supported by logic and evidence, leaving no room for doubt. The audience, initially skeptical, found themselves captivated by her clarity and conviction. By the end of her presentation, she had won their full support.
سخنرانی پرشور او نشان داد که او درک عمیقی از موضوع دارد. هر استدلالی که مطرح کرد، با منطق و شواهد حمایت می شد و هیچ جایی برای شک باقی نمی گذاشت. حضار که در ابتدا شکاک بودند، به وضوح و قاطعیت او جذب شدند. در پایان ارائه اش، حمایت کامل آن ها را به دست آورده بود.
chatgpt

📂 مثال:
🔘 complex: ‘folded’ together; not simple
🔘 duplex: ‘double - fold’; two units in one structure
🔘 simplex: ‘single - fold’; having only one part
🔘 multiplex: ‘many - fold’; consisting of multiple parts
🔘 perplex: completely ‘fold’ the mind; confuse
🔘 triplex: ‘three - fold’ construction or arrangement
🔘 plexus: a ‘weaving’ network of nerves or vessels
🔘 amplexus: the ‘embracing’ ( folding around ) clasp of mating amphibians
🔘 complexity: the state of being highly ‘folded’ or intricate
🔘 perplexity: the condition of mind thoroughly ‘folded’ in confusion

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### 1. Agility
- ریشه: agil - پسوند " - ity"
- معنی انگلیسی: The ability to move quickly and easily, or the ability to think and understand quickly.
- معنی فارسی: چابکی، توانایی حرکت سریع و آسان یا توانایی فکر کردن و درک کردن به سرعت.
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### 2. Agile
- ریشه: agil - پسوند " - e"
- معنی انگلیسی: Able to move quickly and easily; quick - witted.
- معنی فارسی: چابک، سریع و انعطاف پذیر.
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### 3. Agilitarian ( نادر )
- ریشه: agil - پسوند " - arian"
- معنی انگلیسی: A person who emphasizes or values agility, especially in physical or mental performance.
- معنی فارسی: کسی که چابکی را در عملکردهای فیزیکی یا ذهنی ارج می نهد.
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### 4. Agilism ( نادر )
- ریشه: agil - پسوند " - ism"
- معنی انگلیسی: A philosophy or practice emphasizing agility or quickness in action.
- معنی فارسی: فلسفه یا عملی که بر چابکی یا سرعت در اقدام تأکید دارد.
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### 5. Agilely
- ریشه: agil - پسوند " - ly"
- معنی انگلیسی: In a manner that is quick and easy in movement or thought.
- معنی فارسی: به طور چابک، با سرعت و آسانی در حرکت یا فکر.
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### 6. Agilness ( نادر )
- ریشه: agil - پسوند " - ness"
- معنی انگلیسی: The quality of being agile; quickness and ease in movement or thought.
- معنی فارسی: ویژگی چابکی؛ سرعت و راحتی در حرکت یا فکر.
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### توضیحات بیشتر درباره ریشه ها:
- agil - از واژه ی لاتین "agilis" به معنای سریع یا چابک گرفته شده است.
- پسوندهای مختلفی به آن اضافه می شوند تا معانی مختلفی بسازند. برای مثال:
- " - ity" برای تبدیل به اسم ( معنی حالت یا ویژگی )
- " - e" برای ایجاد صفت
- " - arian" برای ایجاد اسم فرد
- " - ly" برای تبدیل به قید
- " - ism" برای ایجاد یک فلسفه یا سیستم
- " - ness" برای ساخت اسم انتزاعی
- - -
این کلمات بیشتر در زمینه هایی مانند ورزش، بازی های فیزیکی، تفکر سریع و حتی برنامه نویسی یا مدیریت پروژه استفاده می شوند.
chatgpt

A temporary suspension or delay of an activity.
- معنی فارسی:
تعلیق موقت، توقف موقت فعالیتی
- - -
2. Sanatorium
- ریشه ها:
- sanare ( لاتین: درمان کردن، شفادادن )
- - torium ( محل یا وضعیت )
- معنی انگلیسی:
A medical facility for long - term illness recovery.
- معنی فارسی:
آسایشگاه بیماران، مرکز درمان و بهبود بیماری های مزمن
- - -
3. Crematorium
- ریشه ها:
- cremare ( لاتین: سوزاندن )
- - torium ( محل یا وضعیت )
- معنی انگلیسی:
A place where dead bodies are cremated.
- معنی فارسی:
مرده سوزخانه، محل سوزاندن اجساد
- - -
4. Laboratorium ( ریشه ی لاتین laboratory )
- ریشه ها:
- laborare ( لاتین: کار کردن )
- - torium ( محل یا وضعیت )
- معنی انگلیسی:
A place for scientific work and experiments.
- معنی فارسی:
آزمایشگاه ( محل کارهای علمی و آزمایشگاهی )
- - -
5. Dormitorium ( ریشه ی لاتین dormitory )
- ریشه ها:
- dormire ( لاتین: خوابیدن )
- - torium ( محل یا وضعیت )
- معنی انگلیسی:
A place where people sleep, typically a communal sleeping room.
- معنی فارسی:
خوابگاه، محل خواب گروهی
- - -
6. Auditorium
- ریشه ها:
- audire ( لاتین: شنیدن )
- - torium ( محل یا وضعیت )
- معنی انگلیسی:
A place where people gather to hear performances, lectures, etc.
- معنی فارسی:
تالار اجتماعات، سالن سخنرانی یا کنسرت
- - -
7. Reformatory
- ریشه ها:
- reformare ( لاتین: اصلاح کردن )
- - torium ( محل یا وضعیت )
- معنی انگلیسی:
An institution to reform young offenders instead of punishing them.
- معنی فارسی:
دارالتأدیب، مرکز اصلاح نوجوانان بزهکار
- - -
8. Depositorium ( نادر )
- ریشه ها:
- deponere ( لاتین: گذاشتن، سپردن )
- - torium ( محل یا وضعیت )
- معنی انگلیسی:
A place where valuables are kept safely.
- معنی فارسی:
محل نگهداری امانت، انبار امانات
- - -
# خلاصه ی کلی:
- پسوند - torium همیشه روی فعلی لاتین سوار می شود و معنای �محل یا وضعیت برای یک عمل خاص� را می دهد.
- ریشه ی هر کلمه، از یک فعل لاتین گرفته شده که عمل اصلی را بیان می کند.
- در بعضی واژه ها مثل auditorium، تاکید روی شنیدن است؛ در بعضی مثل crematorium، روی سوزاندن.
chatgpt

- - -
### 1. Congruent
ریشه ها:
- con - ( با هم، همراه )
- gruere ( جور بودن، هماهنگ بودن )
معنی انگلیسی:
- In agreement or harmony; exactly matching or corresponding.
معنی فارسی:
- هماهنگ، منطبق، سازگار
مثال:
*Their statements were completely congruent. *
→ اظهاراتشان کاملاً منطبق بود.
- - -
### 2. Congruence
ریشه ها:
- con - ( با هم، همراه )
- gruere ( هماهنگ بودن )
معنی انگلیسی:
- The state of agreeing or corresponding; harmony.
معنی فارسی:
- انطباق، سازگاری، هماهنگی
مثال:
*There is a congruence between his beliefs and actions. *
→ بین باورها و اعمال او انطباق وجود دارد.
- - -
### 3. Congruously
ریشه ها:
- con - ( با هم )
- gruere ( جور بودن )
- - ly ( پسوند قیدساز )
معنی انگلیسی:
- In a way that is harmonious or appropriate.
معنی فارسی:
- به طور هماهنگ، به طور سازگارانه
مثال:
*She dressed congruously for the formal event. *
→ او برای مراسم رسمی، به طور هماهنگ لباس پوشید.
- - -
### 4. Congruous
ریشه ها:
- con - ( با هم )
- gruere ( سازگار بودن )
معنی انگلیسی:
- Appropriate or fitting; in harmony.
معنی فارسی:
- مناسب، هماهنگ، سازگار
مثال:
*His behavior was congruous with the situation. *
→ رفتار او با موقعیت هماهنگ بود.
- - -
### 5. Incongruent
ریشه ها:
- in - ( نفی، ناهماهنگی )
- con - ( با هم )
- gruere ( هماهنگ بودن )
معنی انگلیسی:
- Not matching or fitting; inconsistent.
معنی فارسی:
- ناهمخوان، ناسازگار
مثال:
*Their interests are incongruent with ours. *
→ علایق آن ها با علایق ما ناسازگار است.
- - -
### 6. Incongruence
ریشه ها:
- in - ( نفی )
- con - ( با هم )
- gruere ( سازگار بودن )
معنی انگلیسی:
- The state of being out of harmony or inconsistent.
معنی فارسی:
- عدم انطباق، ناسازگاری
مثال:
*There is an incongruence between his words and actions. *
→ بین گفته ها و اعمالش ناسازگاری وجود دارد.
- - -
### 7. Incongruous
ریشه ها:
- in - ( نفی )
- con - ( با هم )
- gruere ( هماهنگ بودن )
معنی انگلیسی:
- Not suitable or appropriate; out of place.
معنی فارسی:
- نامتناسب، ناهمخوان، ناهماهنگ
مثال:
*The bright colors were incongruous with the somber mood. *
→ رنگ های روشن با حال و هوای غمگین ناهماهنگ بود.
- - -
### 8. Incongruously
ریشه ها:
- in - ( نفی )
- con - ( با هم )
- gruere ( هماهنگ بودن )
- - ly ( پسوند قیدساز )
معنی انگلیسی:
- In a way that is not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings.
معنی فارسی:
- به طور ناهماهنگ، به طور نامتناسب
مثال:
*She laughed incongruously at the sad news. *
→ او به طرز ناهماهنگی به خبر غم انگیز خندید.
- - -
# خلاصه ی اصلی:
- همه این کلمات از ریشه ی gruere ( سازگار بودن ) ساخته شدند.
- پیشوندهای con - ( همراهی ) و in - ( نفی ) ، معنایشان را تغییر داده اند.
- پسوند - ous ( صفت ساز ) ، - ly ( قیدساز ) ، - ence ( اسم ساز ) به آن اضافه شده اند.
chatgpt

- Example: *The fear in the room was palpable. *
→ ترس در اتاق قابل لمس بود.
### 2. Palpitate
- Root: "palp - " suffix " - itate"
- Meaning: To beat rapidly, especially the heart, due to excitement or fear.
- Example: *His heart began to palpitate with excitement. *
→ قلبش از هیجان شروع به تپیدن کرد.
### 3. Palpation
- Root: "palp - " suffix " - ation"
- Meaning: The action of using hands to examine or feel the body, typically for medical purposes.
- Example: *The doctor performed a palpation to check for abnormalities. *
→ پزشک معاینه ای با لمس انجام داد تا ناهنجاری ها را بررسی کند.
### 4. Palpably
- Root: "palp - " suffix " - ly"
- Meaning: In a manner that can be touched or easily perceived; clearly or obviously.
- Example: *The difference was palpably clear. *
→ تفاوت به وضوح آشکار بود.
### 5. Palpability
- Root: "palp - " suffix " - ity"
- Meaning: The quality of being able to be touched or felt; obviousness.
- Example: *The palpability of the tension in the room was undeniable. *
→ قابل لمس بودن تنش در اتاق غیرقابل انکار بود.
- - -
### Root Word: "palp - "
- Meaning: From Latin "palpare", meaning "to touch, stroke, or feel. "
- Example: *He palpated the wound to check for any abnormalities. *
→ او زخم را لمس کرد تا ناهنجاری ها را بررسی کند.
- - -
### Suffixes and Their Meanings:
1. - able: Used to form adjectives meaning "capable of" ( e. g. , palpable ) .
2. - itate: Used to form verbs indicating the action of something ( e. g. , palpitate ) .
3. - ation: Used to form nouns indicating an action or process ( e. g. , palpation ) .
4. - ly: Used to form adverbs, meaning "in a manner" ( e. g. , palpably ) .
5. - ity: Used to form nouns meaning "the state or quality of" ( e. g. , palpability ) .
- - -
### Summary of Words:
- Palpable ( قابل لمس )
- Palpitate ( تپیدن )
- Palpation ( لمس پزشکی )
- Palpably ( به طور آشکار )
- Palpability ( قابل لمس بودن )
chatgpt

📂 مثال:
🔘 barrage: A barrage of something, such as words or missiles, is an attacking stream that bursts steadily upon someone
🔘 barricade: Render unsuitable for passage
🔘 embarrassment: The shame you feel when your inadequacy or guilt is made public

📂 مثال:
🔘 Connect: link ‘with’ another
🔘 Convene: come together ‘with’ others
🔘 Congregate: flock ‘with’ others
🔘 Consensus: feeling ‘with’ others
🔘 Concord: heart ‘with’ another
🔘 Conclude: ‘thoroughly’ close
🔘 Convince: ‘thoroughly’ win over
🔘 Consequence: effect which ‘thoroughly’ follows
🔘 Concede: ‘thoroughly’ yield
🔘 Concise: ‘thoroughly’ cut

📂 مثال:
🔘 mutate: to undergo a ‘change’ in form or nature
🔘 mutation: the process of ‘changing’ in structure or genetics
🔘 mutant: something that has undergone a ‘change’
🔘 mutability: the quality of being able to ‘change’
🔘 commute: to ‘change’ a penalty or travel regularly between places
🔘 immutable: not capable of ‘change’
🔘 transmute: to completely ‘change’ from one form to another
🔘 permutation: an arrangement resulting from ‘changing’ order
🔘 mutiny: a rebellion that seeks to ‘change’ authority
🔘 mutual: a relationship that involves ‘change’ or exchange between two sides

📂 مثال:
🔘 predilection: A preference for something, often chosen based on personal liking
🔘 eclectic: A mix of 'gathered' elements from diverse sources
🔘 elite: Those 'gathered' as the best in society
🔘 collection: The act of 'gathering' items together
🔘 select: To choose something from a group
🔘 collect: To 'gather' things together
🔘 collected: Things 'gathered' together in one place
🔘 collectible: Items 'gathered' for interest or value
🔘 collective: Done by a group acting together
🔘 eclecticism: Choosing from various sources rather than a single style
🔘 elect: To 'choose' by vote for a position
🔘 electable: Capable of being 'chosen' for a position
🔘 election: The act of 'choosing' through voting
🔘 intellect: Knowledge or 'gathered' intellectual capacity
🔘 intellectual: Relating to activities that require 'gathered' mental effort
🔘 neglect: To leave something 'undone' or 'not gathered'
🔘 recollection: The ability to 'gather' memories or recall events
🔘 reelect: To 'elect' again for another term
🔘 selection: The act of 'choosing' from a set of options
🔘 selective: Tending to 'choose' carefully
🔘 selectivity: The quality of being 'selective' in choices

📂 مثال:
🔘 candor: the quality of being honest and open in speech or action
🔘 incendiary: a device that causes objects to catch on fire; comments that can incite strong reactions
🔘 candelabrum: a branched candlestick
🔘 candid: characterized by directness in manner or speech
🔘 candidacy: the campaign of a candidate to be elected
🔘 candidate: a politician who is running for public office
🔘 candidature: the campaign of a candidate to be elected
🔘 candle: examine eggs for freshness by holding them against a light
🔘 incandescent: emitting light as a result of being heated

📂 مثال:
🔘 false: not true, meant to ‘deceive’
🔘 falsify: to ‘trick’ by making something false
🔘 fallacy: a mistaken belief meant to ‘deceive’
🔘 falsity: the quality of being ‘deceptive’ or false
🔘 fallacious: based on a ‘trick’ or false reasoning
🔘 falsification: the act of ‘deceiving’ by altering something
🔘 falsehood: the state of being false or a ‘trick’ statement
🔘 falseness: the quality of being untrue or meant to ‘deceive’
🔘 falsifier: a person who ‘tricks’ or falsifies something
🔘 fallible: capable of making mistakes or being ‘deceived’
🔘 infallible: not capable of making mistakes or being ‘deceived’

📂 مثال:
🔘 Erudite: someone who has acquired knowledge “from” extensive reading and studying
🔘 Ineluctable: a situation that cannot be avoided “from” any effort
🔘 Evocation: the creation of an image or impression “from” words, pictures, or music
🔘 Enormity: great evil or immorality “from” a specific act, not physical size
🔘 Egress: the act of exiting “from” a space
🔘 Elocution: skillful speaking “out of” artistic expression
🔘 Edict: an official order issued “from” a government or authority
🔘 Enervate: to drain someone “out of” energy, leaving them weak
🔘 Egregious: standing out “from” others due to shocking magnitude or offensiveness
🔘 Emolument: payment received “from” work or services rendered
🔘 Emissary: one sent “from” a leader to represent them
🔘 Elicit: to draw a response “out of” someone through questioning
🔘 Eloquent: expressing oneself “out of” beauty and clarity
🔘 Emigrate: to move “from” one’s home country to settle elsewhere
🔘 Enunciate: to speak clearly, pronouncing words “out of” necessity
🔘 Eradicate: to remove completely, tearing something “out of” existence
🔘 Eliminate: to remove completely “from” a system
🔘 Evasive: avoiding direct answers “out of” intention to avoid confrontation
🔘 Amend: to correct or improve something “out of” a desire to make it better
🔘 Elite: the top members “from” a group, selected for their high status or ability
🔘 Eminent: highly respected “from” achievements or fame
🔘 Elated: feeling extreme happiness “out of” joy or excitement
🔘 Erode: to wear something away “from” external forces
🔘 Supererogatory: efforts made “out of” exceeding basic requirements
🔘 Emerge: to come into view “from” a hidden place
🔘 Eligible: qualifying “from” a set of criteria to join a group
🔘 Evaluate: to assess the value “from” careful analysis
🔘 Erupt: to burst “out of” the earth violently or unexpectedly
🔘 Event: something that happens “from” a cause or sequence of actions
🔘 Evacuate: to leave “out of” urgency due to an emergency
🔘 Emergency: an urgent situation requiring immediate action “from” those involved
🔘 Edit: to make corrections or improvements “out of” review
🔘 Enormous: something of massive size, standing “out of” proportion
🔘 Emotional: a response “from” deep feelings, like happiness or sadness
🔘 Educate: to instruct or inform “out of” knowledge
🔘 Eject: to force something or someone “out of” a space
🔘 Enervated: feeling weak “from” lack of energy

📂 مثال:
🔘 vagary: An unexpected change in behavior or action that seems to wander off from the expected path
🔘 extravaganza: A grand event or display that roams far beyond typical expectations in its scale or style
🔘 extravagance: Excessive behavior that roams past what is considered reasonable or appropriate
🔘 extravagant: Excessively lavish, often wandering beyond limits of moderation
🔘 vagabond: A person who wanders from place to place without a fixed home or purpose
🔘 vagabondage: The act of wandering or roaming without a permanent home or purpose
🔘 vagaries: Unpredictable changes that roam away from the expected or usual course
🔘 vagrancy: The state of wandering from place to place without a permanent home
🔘 vagrant: A person who continually roams, especially without a fixed job or place of residence
🔘 vague: Something unclear or uncertain, as though it wanders away from precise understanding
🔘 vagueness: The quality of being unclear or undefined, as if it roams without clarity

📂 مثال:
🔘 torture: to cause pain by ‘twisting’ or tormenting
🔘 distort: to ‘twist’ something out of its true shape or meaning
🔘 contort: to ‘twist’ into an unnatural shape
🔘 extort: to ‘twist’ someone’s will to force money or favors
🔘 retort: to ‘twist’ words back in a sharp reply
🔘 torsion: the act of ‘twisting’ something
🔘 tortuous: full of bends and ‘twists’
🔘 torso: the main part of the body that can ‘twist’
🔘 tortuosity: the state of being full of ‘twists’
🔘 tortuousness: the quality of being complex and ‘twisted’
🔘 torsional: relating to ‘twisting’ force
🔘 torque: a force that causes ‘twisting’ movement
🔘 tort: a wrongful act that can ‘twist’ legal rights
🔘 tortuously: in a manner full of ‘twists’
🔘 torsade: a decorative element arranged in a ‘twisted’ form
🔘 torquate: having a ‘twisted’ or banded appearance
🔘 torquing: the act of applying force to ‘twist’ something

📂 مثال:
🔘 heliocentric: having the ‘sun’ as the center
🔘 heliograph: a device that uses the ‘sun’ to send signals
🔘 heliotherapy: treatment using the ‘sun’s’ rays
🔘 heliotropic: turning or growing toward the ‘sun’
🔘 heliostat: a mirror that reflects the ‘sun’ in a fixed direction
🔘 heliophyte: a plant that thrives in full ‘sun’
🔘 heliometer: an instrument for measuring the ‘sun’s’ diameter
🔘 heliophysics: the study of the ‘sun’ and its effects
🔘 heliosphere: the region of space influenced by the ‘sun’
🔘 heliolatry: worship of the ‘sun’

📂 مثال:
🔘 ingress: the act of entering or the right to enter
🔘 insinuation: a sly, indirect suggestion, often negative
🔘 incumbent: a duty or responsibility placed upon someone
🔘 intone: to say something in a slow, serious manner
🔘 inundate: to overwhelm with too much of something
🔘 inveterate: a habit that is long - established and unlikely to change
🔘 indoctrinate: to teach beliefs thoroughly, rejecting others
🔘 incipient: something just beginning to develop
🔘 incisive: a clear, brief expression with strong understanding
🔘 disinter: to dig up something previously buried or hidden
🔘 ingratiate: to try to gain favor by pleasing someone
🔘 incarcerate: to imprison or confine
🔘 inculcate: to teach something repeatedly to fix it in mind
🔘 insidious: dangerous because it develops slowly and unnoticed
🔘 inebriated: being under the influence of alcohol or an emotion
🔘 incendiary: something causing fires or inciting trouble
🔘 inception: the beginning or start of something
🔘 incursion: a sudden, hostile invasion or attack
🔘 induce: to bring about or persuade someone to do something
🔘 inductive: reasoning based on observation to form general conclusions
🔘 inference: a conclusion drawn from available data
🔘 infiltrate: to enter secretly, usually for gathering information
🔘 inflammable: easily ignited or quick to anger
🔘 inflection: a change in form, such as in voice or word endings
🔘 infringe: to violate or intrude upon someone's rights
🔘 infusion: the introduction of one substance into another
🔘 ingrained: deeply fixed or rooted, especially in the mind
🔘 inherent: a natural, essential quality
🔘 initiate: to begin or start something
🔘 innate: a quality present from birth or essential to something
🔘 inquisitive: eager to learn, sometimes overly curious
🔘 instigate: to start or stir up something, often trouble
🔘 intrusive: interfering where not welcome
🔘 reinstate: to restore something or someone to a former position
🔘 incorporate: to add and make something part of a whole
🔘 inclined: willing or likely to do something
🔘 reinforce: to strengthen or add support
🔘 incidental: a minor event related to something more important
🔘 coincide: to happen at the same time or agree
🔘 incident: an unpleasant occurrence or event
🔘 intend: to plan or have a goal to do something
🔘 incline: a slope or surface that rises or falls
🔘 ingredient: a component used to make something
🔘 inspire: to motivate or influence someone positively
🔘 investigation: a search for information about an event or situation
🔘 instant: happening immediately or without delay
🔘 insert: to put something into something else
🔘 involved: taking part in or engaged in an activity
🔘 inspect: to examine something closely
🔘 invade: to enter a place forcefully, usually for attack
🔘 encouraging: giving support or confidence
🔘 illumination: a state of enlightenment or understanding
🔘 incarceration: the state of being imprisoned
🔘 incarnation: a new form or embodiment of an idea
🔘 inculpate: to suggest that someone is guilty
🔘 influx: a flowing in or arrival of something
🔘 inject: to introduce a substance, especially with a needle
🔘 inscribe: to carve or etch into a surface
🔘 invasive: relating to entering the body through puncture or incision
🔘 invoke: to call into action or existence, often by magic

📂 مثال:
🔘 repute: to think of someone in a certain way
🔘 impute: to think or consider someone responsible
🔘 putative: considered to be true
🔘 dispute: to think differently and argue about it
🔘 computation: the act of considering numbers to calculate
🔘 compute: to think mathematically
🔘 computer: a machine that considers and calculates
🔘 deputation: a group considered representatives
🔘 deputy: someone considered a substitute
🔘 disputation: a formal consideration of opposing views
🔘 disputatious: inclined to think differently and argue
🔘 disreputable: considered dishonorable
🔘 disrepute: a state of being thought of poorly
🔘 imputation: the act of thinking someone is to blame
🔘 indisputable: not open to being considered wrong

📂 مثال:
🔘 anniversary: the turning of a ‘year’
🔘 annual: of that which happens during a ‘year’
🔘 biannual: occurring twice per ‘year’
🔘 annals: record of the historical events of a ‘year’ in time
🔘 Anno Domini: in the ‘year’ of the Lord
🔘 millennium: a 1000 - ‘year’ period
🔘 centennial: of a 100 - ‘year’ period
🔘 bicentennial: of a 200 - ‘year’ period
🔘 sesquicentennial: of a 150 - ‘year’ period
🔘 quadrennial: happening once every four ‘years’
🔘 perennial: happening through the ‘years’
🔘 biennial: happening once every two ‘years’

📂 مثال:
🔘 intransigent: refusing to act differently or do what others want
🔘 prodigal: acting wastefully with money or time
🔘 ambiguous: something unclear due to acting in multiple ways
🔘 mitigate: to act to reduce harm or pain
🔘 castigate: to do severe criticism or punishment
🔘 exiguous: acting with only a small or limited amount
🔘 litigate: to act in court to resolve a legal issue
🔘 allege: to do a claim without proof
🔘 navigate: to act to find your way
🔘 ambiguity: an unclear act or expression
🔘 castigation: the act of severe scolding
🔘 exigency: a situation requiring urgent action
🔘 intransigence: the act of being stubborn or unyielding
🔘 litigation: the act of resolving issues in court
🔘 navigator: one who acts to guide a journey
🔘 prodigality: the act of spending excessively
🔘 unmitigated: not acted upon to lessen severity

📂 مثال:
🔘 naval: related to ‘ships’ or the navy
🔘 navigate: to steer or direct a ‘ship’ or vehicle
🔘 navigator: one who guides a ‘ship’ or vehicle
🔘 navigation: the process of directing a ‘ship’ or traveling
🔘 navy: a fleet of ‘ships’ used for military purposes
🔘 circumnavigate: to travel all the way around by ‘ship’
🔘 navalism: advocacy for a strong ‘ship’ fleet
🔘 navicular: shaped like a ‘ship’
🔘 aeronaval: relating to both air and ‘ship’ forces

📂 مثال:
🔘 labor: physical or mental ‘work’
🔘 laborious: requiring hard ‘work’
🔘 laborer: a person who does physical ‘work’
🔘 elaborate: to ‘work’ out in detail
🔘 collaborate: to ‘work’ together with others
🔘 laboratory: a place where scientific ‘work’ is done
🔘 belabor: to ‘work’ on something excessively
🔘 labored: done with great effort and ‘work’
🔘 prolabor: supporting ‘work’ and workers
🔘 laborsome: full of difficult ‘work’
🔘 elaboration: the process of ‘working’ out details
🔘 collaboration: the act of ‘working’ together on a task

📂 مثال:
🔘 error: a ‘mistake’ made by wandering from correctness
🔘 erroneous: full of ‘mistakes’ or incorrectness
🔘 errant: ‘wandering’ or straying from the proper path
🔘 erratic: ‘wandering’ from consistency or normal behavior
🔘 aberration: a state of ‘wandering’ away from what is normal
🔘 erroneously: in a manner full of ‘mistakes’
🔘 errantry: the act of ‘wandering’ as a knight seeking adventure
🔘 erratum: a printed ‘mistake’ in a published work
🔘 errancy: the state of ‘wandering’ or being mistaken
🔘 aberrant: ‘wandering’ away from the usual or expected path

📂 مثال:
🔘 victory: the act of ‘winning’ or conquering
🔘 victorious: having achieved a ‘win’ or conquest
🔘 victor: one who ‘wins’ or conquers
🔘 convince: to ‘conquer’ someone's doubts or persuade them
🔘 invincible: unable to be ‘conquered’ or defeated
🔘 evict: to ‘conquer’ and force someone out of a place
🔘 convict: to ‘conquer’ in a court of law by proving guilt
🔘 vindicate: to ‘conquer’ accusations and prove innocence
🔘 vanquish: to completely ‘conquer’ an opponent
🔘 evincible: able to be ‘conquered’ or proven
🔘 victim: one who is ‘conquered’ or harmed by a force
🔘 conviction: a firmly held belief that has ‘conquered’ doubt
🔘 province: an area ‘conquered’ and governed by an authority
🔘 invincibility: the quality of being unable to be ‘conquered’
🔘 victimize: to treat someone as though they have been ‘conquered’ or oppressed

📂 مثال:
🔘 fugitive: someone who ‘flees’ from the law or danger
🔘 refuge: a place to ‘flee’ for safety
🔘 refugee: a person who ‘flees’ from danger or persecution
🔘 centrifugal: moving away as if ‘fleeing’ from the center
🔘 fugacious: something that quickly ‘flees’ or disappears
🔘 subterfuge: a trick or deception used to ‘escape’ detection
🔘 tempus fugit: a Latin phrase meaning "time ‘flees’" ( time flies )
🔘 fugue: a state of mind where a person ‘escapes’ their memory or identity

📂 مثال:
🔘 migrate: to ‘move’ from one place to another
🔘 immigrate: to ‘move’ into a new country or region
🔘 emigrate: to ‘move’ out of one’s native country
🔘 migration: the process of ‘moving’ from one place to another
🔘 migratory: relating to ‘moving’ from place to place
🔘 immigration: the act of ‘moving’ into a new country
🔘 emigration: the act of ‘moving’ out of a country
🔘 transmigration: the ‘moving’ of a soul after death to another body
🔘 migrant: a person or animal that ‘moves’ regularly
🔘 remigrate: to ‘move’ back to one’s original place
🔘 migrational: relating to the act of ‘moving’ from one place to another

📂 مثال:
🔘 current: something that ‘runs’ in a continuous flow
🔘 currency: money that ‘runs’ as a medium of exchange
🔘 curriculum: a course that ‘runs’ through a field of study
🔘 concur: to ‘run’ together in agreement
🔘 recur: to ‘run’ back or happen again
🔘 incur: to ‘run’ into something undesirable
🔘 precursor: something that ‘runs’ before and signals what’s coming
🔘 courier: a person who ‘runs’ to deliver messages or packages
🔘 corridor: a passage that allows movement to ‘run’ through
🔘 excursion: a short trip that ‘runs’ away from a usual path
🔘 concourse: a large open space where people ‘run’ together
🔘 discourage: to take away the motivation to ‘run’ forward
🔘 occur: to ‘run’ into existence or happen
🔘 corrugate: to cause to ‘run’ into folds or ridges
🔘 course: a path or direction something ‘runs’ along

📂 مثال:
🔘 resident: One who sits back in a place to live
🔘 residence: A place where one sits back to stay
🔘 president: One who sits before others to lead
🔘 preside: To sit before others and guide proceedings
🔘 dissident: One who sits apart from a group due to differing views
🔘 insidious: Slowly and secretly sitting in place, causing harm over time
🔘 subside: To sit under by lowering or settling down
🔘 sedentary: Involving sitting or staying in one place for long periods
🔘 sedative: A drug that causes one to sit or calm down
🔘 sediment: Matter that sits at the bottom of water
🔘 sedimentary: Referring to rocks formed from matter that has sat at the bottom of water

📂 مثال:
🔘 ambulatory: involving or capable of walking or moving around
🔘 preamble: an introduction or preliminary statement that explains the purpose, "going around" the main subject
🔘 amble: to walk in a leisurely or relaxed manner
🔘 ambulance: a vehicle used to transport people to and from the hospital
🔘 ambulant: able to walk or move around
🔘 ambulate: to walk about or move around
🔘 ambulation: the act of walking or moving around
🔘 perambulate: to make an official inspection on foot, often around the boundaries of something
🔘 somnambulate: to walk in one's sleep
🔘 somnambulation: the act of walking while asleep

📂 مثال:
🔘 lateral: relating to the "side".
🔘 bilateral: involving two "sides".
🔘 unilateral: involving one "side" only.
🔘 quadrilateral: having four "sides".
🔘 equilateral: having all "sides" equal.
🔘 collateral: something put on the "side" as security.
🔘 multilateral: involving multiple "sides".
🔘 laterally: in a manner relating to the "side".

📂 مثال:
🔘 progress: to ‘step’ or ‘go’ forward toward improvement
🔘 regress: to ‘step’ or ‘go’ back to an earlier state
🔘 ingress: the act of ‘going’ or ‘stepping’ in; entrance
🔘 egress: the act of ‘going’ or ‘stepping’ out; exit
🔘 digress: to ‘step’ or ‘go’ aside from the main topic
🔘 aggressive: inclined to ‘step’ or ‘go’ toward with force
🔘 congress: a gathering that ‘steps’ or ‘goes’ together for discussion
🔘 transgress: to ‘step’ or ‘go’ across a boundary or rule
🔘 retrogress: to ‘step’ or ‘go’ backward to a worse condition
🔘 progressive: characterized by ‘stepping’ or ‘going’ forward toward change

📂 مثال:
🔘 abnormal: “away” from being normal
🔘 absent: being “away” from a place
🔘 abvolate: fly “away”
🔘 absolutely: loosened “away” from any doubt
🔘 abduct: lead “away”
🔘 abdicate: to give “away” power or responsibility voluntarily
🔘 abort: to stop something “away” from completion or success
🔘 absorb: suck “away”
🔘 abrasive: relating to scraping “away” at
🔘 aberrant: deviating “away” from what is normal or expected

📂 مثال:
🔘 derive: to come “from”
🔘 derivative: a word that has come “from” another language
🔘 depend: hang “from” something
🔘 decide: to cut “off” false possibilities or poor options
🔘 decision: a cutting “off” of all possibilities but one
🔘 decelerate: to move down “from” the current speed to a slower one
🔘 dejected: thrown “off” in spirits, feeling down
🔘 depression: pressed “off” or “from” a good mood
🔘 deciduous: of leaves falling “from” a tree in autumn
🔘 demote: to be moved down “from” a current job status
🔘 deficient: of doing tasks “off” from how they should be done
🔘 decapitate: to take “off” a head
🔘 decaffeinated: state of caffeine having been taken “from” coffee beans or tea leaves
🔘 deduce: to arrive at a conclusion by leading evidence “from” a given situation
🔘 deduction: a leading “from” evidence to a conclusion
🔘 detract: to drag “from” or reduce the value of something

📂 مثال:
🔘 solicitous: showing great concern or care for someone’s well - being
🔘 cite: quote or mention sources to provide evidence or authority
🔘 incite: stir up or encourage someone to take action or provoke them
🔘 citation: a formal statement of praise or acknowledgment for a particular achievement
🔘 excitability: the ability to react quickly or intensely to stimuli
🔘 excitable: easily stirred up or excited, prone to emotional reactions
🔘 excitation: the act of stimulating or arousing intense feelings or responses
🔘 excite: stir up or trigger strong feelings, emotions, or reactions
🔘 recital: the act of publicly delivering a detailed account or performance
🔘 recitation: the act of repeating or reading something aloud from memory
🔘 recitative: a style of vocal delivery in opera, with speech - like rhythm
🔘 recite: say aloud from memory, especially in a formal or structured way
🔘 resuscitate: revive or bring someone back to consciousness or life
🔘 resuscitation: the act of reviving or restoring someone to life or consciousness
🔘 solicit: make a request or plea for something
🔘 solicitation: the act of asking or requesting something, often with persistence
🔘 solicitor: a person who seeks or asks for something, especially in business or law
🔘 solicitude: the state of showing excessive concern or care for someone
🔘 unsolicited: given without being asked for, not requested

📂 مثال:
🔘 accept: ‘taken’ towards
🔘 except: ‘taken’ from
🔘 exceptional: ‘taken’ from the normal
🔘 deception: ‘taken’ from the truth
🔘 perceptive: having thoroughly ‘taken’ in one’s surroundings
🔘 intercept: ‘taken’ between origin and target
🔘 concept: thoroughly ‘taken’ or seized in one’s brain
🔘 inception: ‘taken’ in at the beginning
🔘 receptive: ‘taken’ back to oneself
🔘 susceptible: able to be ‘taken’ under
🔘 receptacle: container which “takes” something back into it for safekeeping

📂 مثال:
🔘 advertise: turn attention ‘towards’ something
🔘 adhere: stick firmly ‘to’ something
🔘 adjust: bring ‘towards’ proper position or condition
🔘 adapt: make suitable ‘towards’ a purpose or environment
🔘 admit: allow entry ‘to’ a place or group
🔘 adopt: take something ‘towards’ yourself as your own
🔘 adventure: move ‘towards’ an exciting or risky experience
🔘 advisor: one who guides ‘towards’ the right decision
🔘 advice: guidance given ‘towards’ solving a problem
🔘 adverb: a word that moves ‘towards’ modifying a verb or adjective
🔘 adjective: a word that moves ‘towards’ describing a noun

📂 مثال:
🔘 paradox: a statement that seems contradictory but is true beside logic
🔘 paradigm: a model that stands alongside others as an example
🔘 parochial: concerned with narrow, local issues alongside a limited scope
🔘 paragon: a perfect example placed beside others for comparison
🔘 parody: a humorous imitation placed alongside serious work
🔘 parable: a short story placed alongside a moral lesson
🔘 paranoia: extreme distrust placed alongside irrational fears
🔘 paraphernalia: equipment placed alongside an activity or belongings
🔘 paraphrase: to restate something alongside its original meaning
🔘 parenthetical: placed alongside to clarify or explain
🔘 unparalleled: without equal alongside anything else
🔘 parabola: a curve beside a mathematical framework
🔘 paradigmatic: related to examples placed in grammatical models
🔘 paragraph: text divided into sections placed alongside others
🔘 parallel: extending beside or alongside something else
🔘 parallelogram: a shape with sides placed parallel and equal
🔘 paralysis: loss of movement alongside stillness
🔘 paralyze: to make powerless alongside inaction
🔘 paramecium: a microscopic organism living alongside water habitats
🔘 parameter: a variable placed alongside an equation to define outcomes
🔘 paranoid: placed beside irrational fears or distrust
🔘 parasite: a living thing placed alongside a host for survival
🔘 parasitic: relating to a life placed alongside a host
🔘 parenthesis: punctuation placed beside text to enclose information

📂 مثال:
🔘 similar: ‘like’ or resembling in many ways
🔘 simile: a figure of speech comparing one thing to another, showing it is ‘like’
🔘 assimilate: to make something become ‘like’ or absorbed into another
🔘 dissimilar: not ‘like’; lacking resemblance
🔘 similitude: the state of being ‘like’ or similar
🔘 similarity: the quality of being ‘like’ something else
🔘 dissimilarity: the quality of not being ‘like’
🔘 assimilation: the act of becoming ‘like’ something else
🔘 assimilable: capable of being made ‘like’ or absorbed
🔘 facsimile: an exact copy made ‘like’ the original

📂 مثال:
🔘 placate: to calm or ‘please’ someone by concessions
🔘 placid: peacefully calm; easily ‘pleased’
🔘 implacable: not able to be ‘pleased’ or soothed
🔘 placation: the act of bringing ‘peace’ by satisfying demands
🔘 complacent: self - satisfied; easily ‘pleased’ with oneself
🔘 placebo: a harmless substance given to ‘please’ a patient rather than cure
🔘 placidly: in a manner that is calm and ‘peaceful’

📂 مثال:
🔘 tribute: something ‘given’ or ‘paid’ to show respect
🔘 contribute: to ‘give’ together with others toward a common goal
🔘 distribute: to ‘give’ out or ‘pay’ in different directions
🔘 retribution: a ‘paying’ back; deserved punishment or reward
🔘 attribute: a quality ‘given’ to or ascribed to someone or something

📂 مثال:
🔘 synonym: a “name” sharing the same meaning as another
🔘 antonym: a “name” meaning the opposite of another
🔘 homonym: a “name” spelled or pronounced the same but differing in meaning
🔘 acronym: a “name” formed from initial letters
🔘 pseudonym: a false or assumed “name”
🔘 anonymous: without any known “name”
🔘 eponym: a “name” derived from a person, place, or thing
🔘 eponymous: referring to someone who gives their “name” to something
🔘 patronymic: a “name” derived from one’s father or ancestor
🔘 toponym: a “name” derived from a place
🔘 exonym: a “name” given by outsiders
🔘 endonym: a “name” used by locals for their place
🔘 heteronym: a “name” spelled like another but pronounced differently
🔘 metonym: a “name” used to stand for something related
🔘 anonym: a hidden or unknown “name”

📂 مثال:
🔘 crucifix: a representation of Christ on the ‘cross’
🔘 crucial: so important it is like a ‘cross’ - point decision
🔘 cruciform: shaped in the form of a ‘cross’
🔘 crucify: to fasten or execute on a ‘cross’
🔘 excruciating: causing pain as intense as being on a ‘cross’

📂 مثال:
🔘 service: the act of ‘serving’ or helping
🔘 servant: one who ‘serves’ another
🔘 conserve: to ‘keep’ or save together
🔘 preserve: to ‘keep’ beforehand; maintain intact
🔘 reserve: to ‘keep’ back for future use
🔘 observe: to ‘keep’ watch over; pay close attention
🔘 deserve: to be worthy of what is ‘served’ back
🔘 subservient: obediently ‘serving’ under another
🔘 servitude: the state of ‘serving’ as a slave or serf
🔘 servile: having a slavish willingness to ‘serve’
🔘 server: one that ‘serves’ food, data, or other resources

📂 مثال:
🔘 altruistic: showing concern for the welfare of others, selflessly focusing on the interests of "another"
🔘 adulterate: to lower the quality of something by adding inferior elements, thus changing it from its original form
🔘 altercation: a heated argument or disagreement, often involving a clash of opinions
🔘 alteration: a change or modification made to something
🔘 alternative: another option or choice presented to someone as a substitute
🔘 alter: to make a change to something, thus transforming it in some way
🔘 alterable: capable of being changed or modified
🔘 alternate: happening every second item in a series, alternating between two choices
🔘 alternation: the act of switching back and forth between two states or conditions
🔘 alternator: a device that generates alternating current, typically in automobiles
🔘 adulteration: the process of mixing something with inferior materials
🔘 adultery: sexual relations with someone outside of marriage, disrupting the relationship
🔘 altruism: the selfless concern for the well - being of others, focusing on "another's" needs
🔘 unalterable: something that cannot be changed or modified
🔘 unadulterated: something that has not been mixed with inferior substances or changed

📂 مثال:
🔘 nascent: in the process of ‘being born’ or developing
🔘 renaissance: a ‘rebirth’ of art, culture, or learning
🔘 nascently: in a manner of just ‘being born’ or beginning
🔘 renascence: the act of ‘being born’ again, revival
🔘 innascibility: the quality of not ‘being born’
🔘 nascency: the state of ‘being born’ or just beginning
🔘 renascent: ‘being born’ again or rising anew

📂 مثال:
🔘 polygon: a shape with many ‘angles’
🔘 hexagon: a figure with six ‘angles’
🔘 pentagon: a figure with five ‘angles’
🔘 octagon: a figure with eight ‘angles’
🔘 trigon: a figure with three ‘angles’

📂 مثال:
🔘 tense: a feeling or state in which muscles ‘stretch’ tight
🔘 tension: the state of being ‘stretched’ tight or strained
🔘 tensile: capable of being ‘stretched’ without breaking
🔘 intense: inwardly ‘stretched’ to a high degree; very strong
🔘 intensify: to make something more ‘stretched’ or extreme in degree

📂 مثال:
🔘 somatic: relating to the physical ‘body’
🔘 psychosomatic: involving both mind and ‘body’
🔘 somatology: the scientific study of the human ‘body’
🔘 somatotype: classification of ‘body’ build or physique
🔘 somatotropin: a hormone that stimulates ‘body’ growth

📂 مثال:
🔘 aviation: the practice of flying like a ‘bird’
🔘 aviary: a large enclosure for keeping ‘birds’
🔘 aviculture: the breeding and care of ‘birds’
🔘 avifauna: the ‘bird’ species of a particular region
🔘 avicide: the act of killing ‘birds’

📂 مثال:
🔘 parallel: lying ‘beside’ one another, always the same distance apart
🔘 parameter: a measure set ‘beside’ the main variables to define limits
🔘 paranormal: phenomena that exist ‘beyond’ normal scientific explanation
🔘 paraphrase: to restate meaning ‘beside’ the original in different words
🔘 paralegal: one who works ‘beside’ lawyers to assist in legal matters

📂 مثال:
🔘 diagram: a drawing that shows relations ‘through’ lines or shapes
🔘 diameter: a line ‘across’ a circle, passing ‘through’ the center
🔘 dialogue: conversation ‘through’ words exchanged between people
🔘 diagnosis: knowledge gained ‘through’ thorough examination
🔘 diagonal: a line going ‘across’ from one corner to another

📂 مثال:
🔘 catastrophe: a turning ‘down’ into complete disaster
🔘 catabolism: the process of breaking ‘down’ molecules for energy
🔘 catalog: a list written ‘down’ completely
🔘 catalyst: an agent that brings about change, breaking chemical barriers ‘down’
🔘 cataclysm: a violent event that completely washes ‘down’ or overturns things

📂 مثال:
🔘 arboreal: relating to trees or living in trees
🔘 arbor: a tree, as opposed to a shrub
🔘 arboretum: a facility where trees and shrubs are cultivated for exhibition
🔘 arborvitae: any of several Asian and North American conifers of the genera Thuja and Thujopsis
🔘 arborvitaes: plural form of "arborvitae"

📂 مثال:
🔘 anathema: something that is strongly disliked or hated, often with a sense of being "back" or cursed
🔘 anachronism: something placed in a time period where it does not belong, "back" in history
🔘 analogous: something similar to another, making a comparison or a “back” reference
🔘 analyze: to examine carefully, looking “back” at parts of something to understand it
🔘 anachronistic: out of place in time, "back" in an earlier period
🔘 analogize: to make an analogy, drawing comparisons or “back” references
🔘 analogy: a comparison showing similarities, often looking “back” to find connections
🔘 analysis: the process of breaking something into parts to better understand it, often by reviewing “back” at its components
🔘 analytic: relating to the use of logical reasoning or analysis, involving a “back” approach
🔘 anathematize: to curse or declare something to be evil, often in a way that sends it "back" from acceptance
🔘 anatomical: relating to the structure or “back” composition of the body
🔘 anatomize: to dissect or study something in detail, breaking it “back” into parts
🔘 anatomy: the study of the structure of living organisms, examining its "back" components

📂 مثال:
🔘 diploid: having a ‘double’ set of chromosomes
🔘 diplopia: seeing a ‘double’ image ( double vision )
🔘 diplomacy: originally the art of handling ‘double’ - folded official documents; now, skilled negotiation
🔘 diplococcus: a bacterium occurring in ‘double’ spherical pairs
🔘 diplomate: a professional awarded a ‘double’ - folded certificate of qualification

📂 مثال:
🔘 haploid: having a ‘single’ set of chromosomes
🔘 haplotype: a group of genes inherited as one ‘single’ unit
🔘 haplography: accidental omission of a repeated letter or syllable, writing it just ‘once’ or ‘single’
🔘 haplology: the contraction of two similar syllables into one ‘single’ syllable
🔘 haplont: an organism whose main life stage has a ‘single’ set of chromosomes

📂 مثال:
🔘 bathysphere: a spherical submersible for exploring ‘deep’ oceans
🔘 bathymetry: the measurement of ‘deep’ ocean depths
🔘 bathyal: relating to the ‘deep’ zone of the ocean between 200–2000 m
🔘 bathyscaphe: a vessel designed for very ‘deep’ sea dives
🔘 bathythermograph: an instrument that records temperature changes in ‘deep’ water

📂 مثال:
🔘 misogyny: ‘hate’ of women
🔘 misology: ‘hate’ of reasoning or argument
🔘 misoneism: ‘hate’ of change or new things
🔘 misandry: ‘hate’ of men
🔘 misanthrope: one who ‘hates’ humankind
🔘 misopedist: one who ‘hates’ children
🔘 misocapnist: a person who ‘hates’ tobacco smoke
🔘 misarchism: ‘hate’ of government or authority

📂 مثال:
🔘 necrosis: the process of tissue ‘death’
🔘 necrology: a list or study of recent ‘deaths’
🔘 necropolis: a large cemetery or “city of the ‘dead’”
🔘 necrobiosis: the gradual ‘death’ of cells in living tissue
🔘 necromancy: supposed communication with the ‘dead’

📂 مثال:
🔘 thrombosis: formation of a blood ‘clot’ inside a vessel
🔘 thrombocyte: a cell involved in blood ‘clot’ formation ( platelet )
🔘 thrombolysis: the breakdown or dissolution of a blood ‘clot’
🔘 thrombogenic: tending to produce a blood ‘clot’
🔘 thrombectomy: surgical removal of a blood ‘clot’

📂 مثال:
🔘 selenology: the study of the ‘moon’
🔘 selenograph: a map or chart of the ‘moon’
🔘 selenographer: one who maps or describes the ‘moon’
🔘 selenocentric: measured from or centered on the ‘moon’
🔘 selenic: relating to or derived from the ‘moon’

📂 مثال:
🔘 cinema: a place for showing ‘films’
🔘 cinephile: a person who loves ‘movies’
🔘 cinematography: the art of capturing ‘films’ on camera
🔘 cinematographer: one who specializes in shooting ‘films’
🔘 cineplex: a theater complex with multiple ‘movie’ screens

📂 مثال:
🔘 synergy: combined ‘work’ for a greater effect
🔘 energy: capacity for ‘work’ or activity
🔘 energetic: showing or possessing a lot of ‘work’ capacity
🔘 ergometer: a device for measuring ‘work’ done by muscles
🔘 ergonomics: the study of designing an environment for comfortable ‘work’
🔘 exergonic: describing a reaction that releases ‘work’ ( energy )
🔘 endergonic: describing a reaction that requires ‘work’ ( energy )
🔘 erg: a unit of ‘work’ in physics
🔘 allergy: an “other ‘work’” response of the immune system
🔘 ergograph: an instrument that records muscle ‘work

📂 مثال:
🔘 phagocyte: a cell that ‘eats’ and removes pathogens or debris
🔘 phagocytosis: the process by which a cell ‘eats’ particles or microorganisms
🔘 macrophage: a large immune cell that ‘eats’ foreign particles and dead cells
🔘 esophagitis: inflammation of the esophagus ( ‘eating’ tube )
🔘 bacteriophage: a virus that ‘eats’ ( infects and destroys ) bacteria

📂 مثال:
🔘 dendrite: a branched projection of a neuron that receives signals
🔘 dendrology: the study of ‘trees’ and woody plants
🔘 dendriform: having the shape or form of a ‘branch’
🔘 dendrogram: a tree - like diagram showing hierarchical relationships
🔘 dendritic: relating to or resembling tree - like branching structures

📂 مثال:
🔘 chlorophyll: the green pigment in plant ‘leaves’ essential for photosynthesis
🔘 phyllotaxy: the arrangement of ‘leaves’ on a plant stem
🔘 neophyll: a young or newly formed ‘leaf’
🔘 phyllode: a flattened petiole that functions as a ‘leaf’
🔘 phyllosphere: the total above - ground surface of a plant occupied by microorganisms

📂 مثال:
🔘 glycolysis: the metabolic pathway that breaks down ‘sugar’ for energy
🔘 glycogen: a stored ‘sugar’ form in animals
🔘 glycoprotein: a molecule consisting of a ‘protein’ with ‘sugar’ chains attached
🔘 glycosuria: the presence of ‘sugar’ in the urine
🔘 glycemic: relating to the level of ‘sugar’ in the blood

📂 مثال:
🔘 erythrocyte: a “red” blood cell
🔘 erythropoiesis: the production of “red” blood cells
🔘 erythromycin: an antibiotic originally derived from a bacterium with a “red” pigment
🔘 erythroderma: abnormal redness of the skin
🔘 erythroblast: an immature “red” blood cell precursor

📂 مثال:
🔘 cytology: the study of ‘cells’
🔘 cytokinesis: the process where a single cell ‘divides’ into two daughter cells
🔘 cytoplasm: the material within a ‘cell’ excluding the nucleus
🔘 cytoskeleton: the network of fibers that ‘support’ a cell’s shape and movement
🔘 cytometer: an instrument used to measure characteristics of ‘cells’

📂 مثال:
🔘 alias: an ‘other’ name used instead of a real one
🔘 alien: belonging to an ‘other’ place or country
🔘 alienate: to make someone feel like they belong to an ‘other’ group
🔘 alibi: proof that someone was in an ‘other’ place during an event
🔘 alloy: a mixture of metals, blending one with an ‘other’
🔘 allomorph: an ‘other’ form of a linguistic unit
🔘 allocate: to assign something to an ‘other’ place or purpose
🔘 allograph: an ‘other’ way of writing a letter or symbol
🔘 allonym: an ‘other’ name used by an author instead of their real name
🔘 allopathy: a medical treatment that works in an ‘other’ way than homeopathy

📂 مثال:
🔘 plastic: capable of being easily ‘mold’ed or ‘shape’d
🔘 plasma: the formative ‘mold’ed component of blood
🔘 plaster: a paste used to ‘shape’ or ‘mold’ surfaces
🔘 plasticity: the quality of being able to ‘shape’ or ‘mold’ readily
🔘 plastid: a cellular organelle ‘shaped’ by membranes
🔘 plasmid: a small DNA molecule ‘shaped’ independently of chromosomes
🔘 aplasia: failure of tissue to ‘shape’ or ‘mold’ during development
🔘 hyperplasia: excessive cell ‘shaping’ or ‘mold’ing resulting in tissue enlargement
🔘 plasmapheresis: the process of removing and treating the ‘mold’ed plasma component
🔘 neoplasm: a newly ‘shaped’ growth of tissue

📂 مثال:
🔘 xylophone: a musical instrument with bars of ‘wood’ that are struck to produce sound
🔘 xylem: the plant tissue composed of ‘wood’ cells that conducts water from roots upward
🔘 xylography: the art of engraving designs on ‘wood’ for printing
🔘 xylocarp: a fruit, like a coconut, with a hard, ‘wood’ - like shell
🔘 xylitol: a sugar alcohol derived from ‘wood, ’ used as a sweetener
🔘 xylophilous: describing organisms that live on or feed off ‘wood’
🔘 xylophage: an insect or creature that eats ‘wood’
🔘 xylotomy: the preparation of ‘wood’ for microscopic study
🔘 xylophonic: having qualities reminiscent of ‘wood, ’ especially in tone or texture
🔘 xylocaine: a local anesthetic originally derived from ‘wood’ bark

📂 مثال:
🔘 ethnology: the study of different ‘peoples’ and their cultures
🔘 ethnocentric: believing one’s own ‘people’ or culture is superior
🔘 ethnicity: belonging to a specific ‘people’ or cultural group
🔘 ethnography: the written description of the culture of a ‘people’
🔘 ethnomusicology: the study of ‘people’s’ music in cultural context
🔘 ethnobotany: the study of how different ‘cultures’ use plants
🔘 ethnohistory: the historical study of specific ‘cultural groups’
🔘 ethnocide: the deliberate destruction of a ‘people’s’ culture or identity

📂 مثال:
🔘 acrobat: someone who performs at ‘height’ or in the ‘air’
🔘 acrophobia: fear of ‘heights’
🔘 acropolis: the ‘high’ fortified part of an ancient Greek city
🔘 acronym: a word formed from the ‘top’ letters of a series of words
🔘 acrocyanosis: bluish discoloration of the ‘extremities’
🔘 acromegaly: abnormal growth of the ‘extremities’
🔘 acrodermatitis: inflammation of the skin on the ‘extremities’
🔘 acrolect: the ‘highest’ or most prestigious dialect in a language continuum

📂 مثال:
🔘 analgesic: a drug that relieves ‘pain’
🔘 neuralgia: nerve ‘pain’
🔘 algophobia: fear of ‘pain’
🔘 algology: the study of ‘pain’ or the scientific study of seaweed ( in another usage, but from different origin )
🔘 myalgia: ‘pain’ in the muscles
🔘 arthralgia: joint ‘pain’
🔘 cephalalgia: headache; ‘pain’ in the head
🔘 otalgia: ‘pain’ in the ear

📂 مثال:
🔘 cadence: A repeated pattern of movement or sound, such as the way someone's voice rises and falls when reading something out loud
🔘 decadent: A person with low moral standards, more interested in pleasure than serious matters
🔘 decay: When something decays, it breaks down as it is slowly being destroyed
🔘 cadaver: The dead body of a human being
🔘 cadaverous: Very thin, especially from disease, hunger, or cold
🔘 cascade: To rush down in big quantities, like a cascade
🔘 decadence: The state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities

📂 مثال:
🔘 perimeter: the distance measured ‘around’ a shape
🔘 periscope: an instrument for seeing ‘around’ obstacles
🔘 pericardium: the membrane ‘around’ the heart
🔘 perinatal: the time period ‘around’ birth
🔘 perisurgical: occurring ‘around’ the time of surgery
🔘 periosteum: a membrane that surrounds or lies ‘around’ bone
🔘 pericranium: the tissue layer ‘around’ the skull
🔘 perigee: the point in orbit ‘closest around’ the Earth

📂 مثال:
🔘 exoskeleton: a hard structure on the ‘outside’ of an organism’s body
🔘 exosphere: the outermost layer of the atmosphere, farthest ‘outside’
🔘 exothermic: releasing heat to the ‘outside’
🔘 exocrine: secreting substances to the ‘outside’ of the body or organ
🔘 exobiology: the study of life that might exist ‘outside’ Earth
🔘 exocarp: the outer layer or ‘skin’ of a fruit
🔘 exodus: a mass departure to the ‘outside’ or away from a place
🔘 exoplanet: a planet that exists ‘outside’ our solar system

📂 مثال:
🔘 nanometer: a unit of length equal to one ‘billionth’ of a meter
🔘 nanosecond: one ‘billionth’ of a second
🔘 nanotechnology: technology dealing with structures of ‘extremely small’ size
🔘 nanobot: a robot that is ‘extremely small’ in scale
🔘 nanoscience: the study of phenomena and manipulation at the ‘nanoscale’
🔘 nanoparticle: a particle of matter that is ‘extremely small’
🔘 nanoscale: relating to sizes in the range of nanometers
🔘 nanomedicine: medical applications involving ‘nanoscale’ materials or machines

📂 مثال:
🔘 epidermis: the outer layer ‘upon’ the skin
🔘 epicenter: the point ‘on’ the surface directly above an earthquake
🔘 epidemic: a disease spreading ‘upon’ the population
🔘 epilogue: a section ‘upon’ the end of a book or play
🔘 epiphany: a sudden realization that comes ‘upon’ the mind
🔘 epitaph: writing ‘upon’ a tombstone
🔘 epithet: a descriptive term placed ‘upon’ a name
🔘 epiphyte: a plant that grows ‘on’ another plant
🔘 epithelial: relating to cells that lie ‘upon’ body surfaces
🔘 epicardium: the membrane lying ‘upon’ the heart

📂 مثال:
🔘 antibiotic: a substance that works ‘against’ bacteria
🔘 antifreeze: a substance that protects ‘against’ freezing
🔘 antisocial: acting ‘against’ social norms
🔘 antidote: a remedy that works ‘against’ poison
🔘 antivirus: software that works ‘against’ computer viruses
🔘 antihero: a character who is the ‘opposite’ of a traditional hero
🔘 antipathy: a strong feeling ‘against’ something
🔘 antiseptic: a substance that works ‘against’ infection
🔘 antithesis: something that is the direct ‘opposite’
🔘 antioxidant: a substance that works ‘against’ oxidation
🔘 anticlimax: an ending that is the ‘opposite’ of what was expected
🔘 antiaircraft: designed to work ‘against’ aircraft
🔘 antibacterial: working ‘against’ bacteria
🔘 antiglare: reducing or acting ‘against’ glare
🔘 antiperspirant: working ‘against’ sweating

📂 مثال:
🔘 lunar: relating to the ‘moon’
🔘 lunatic: originally believed to be mentally ill due to the phases of the ‘moon’
🔘 lunation: a complete cycle of the ‘moon’ phases
🔘 lunisolar: relating to both the ‘moon’ and the sun
🔘 lunette: a crescent - shaped object resembling the ‘moon’
🔘 lunary: something influenced by or related to the ‘moon’
🔘 lunambulism: sleepwalking believed to be caused by the ‘moon’
🔘 semilunar: shaped like a half ‘moon’

📂 مثال:
🔘 central: located in the ‘center’
🔘 concentrate: to focus or gather toward a ‘center’
🔘 egocentric: thinking only of oneself as the ‘center’
🔘 centrifugal: moving away from the ‘center’
🔘 centripetal: moving toward the ‘center’
🔘 concentric: having a common ‘center’
🔘 decentralize: to move authority away from a ‘central’ point
🔘 epicenter: the point on the earth’s surface directly above the ‘center’ of an earthquake

📂 مثال:
🔘 memory: the ability to ‘remember’
🔘 memorial: something that preserves the ‘memory’ of a person or event
🔘 commemorate: to honor and ‘remember’ together
🔘 memorable: worth being ‘remembered’
🔘 memorandum: something written to help ‘remember’ something
🔘 memorize: to commit something to ‘memory’
🔘 memento: an object kept to ‘remember’ a person or event
🔘 immemorial: extending back beyond ‘memory’ or recorded history

📂 مثال:
🔘 retain: to ‘hold’ on to something
🔘 contain: to ‘hold’ within limits or boundaries
🔘 obtain: to ‘hold’ or get something through effort
🔘 maintain: to ‘keep’ in good condition or continue to ‘hold’
🔘 detain: to ‘hold’ back or delay someone
🔘 sustain: to ‘hold’ up or support over time
🔘 pertain: to be related or connected; to ‘hold’ relevance
🔘 entertain: to ‘hold’ attention or interest
🔘 abstain: to deliberately ‘hold’ oneself back from something
🔘 attaint: to ‘hold’ guilt or dishonor upon someone

📂 مثال:
🔘 ascend: to ‘climb’ or go upward
🔘 descend: to ‘climb’ down or go downward
🔘 transcend: to ‘rise’ above or go beyond limits
🔘 condescend: to ‘climb’ down to a lower level, often with a superior attitude
🔘 rescind ( etymologically unrelated today, but once believed to have a shared root ) : to take back or ‘cut off’ what had been ‘raised’
🔘 ascendancy: a position of ‘rising’ power or influence
🔘 ascension: the act of ‘rising’ or moving upward
🔘 descendant: one who has ‘climbed’ down from ancestors through generations

📂 مثال:
🔘 orthodox: conforming to the accepted ‘belief’ or doctrine
🔘 heterodox: holding a ‘belief’ that differs from the accepted standard
🔘 doxology: a short hymn or expression of praise ( a formal ‘belief’ in worship )
🔘 paradox: a statement that contradicts itself but may contain a hidden ‘belief’ or truth
🔘 dogma: a principle or set of ‘beliefs’ laid down by an authority ( closely related to dox )
🔘 doxastic: relating to ‘belief’ or opinion
🔘 endoxa: widely held public ‘beliefs’ or opinions
🔘 autodoxy: one’s own personal ‘belief’ or opinion

📂 مثال:
🔘 ornithology: the scientific study of ‘birds’
🔘 ornithologist: a person who studies ‘birds’
🔘 ornithic: relating to or characteristic of ‘birds’
🔘 ornithopter: a machine designed to fly by flapping wings like a ‘bird’
🔘 ornithophobia: an irrational fear of ‘birds’
🔘 ornithoscopy: observation of ‘birds, ’ especially their behavior or flight
🔘 ornithomancy: divination or fortune - telling using the flight of ‘birds’

📂 مثال:
🔘 juvenile: relating to a ‘young’ person; youthful
🔘 rejuvenate: to make someone or something ‘young’ again
🔘 juvenility: the state of being ‘young’ or youthful
🔘 juvenescence: the process of becoming ‘young’ again
🔘 juvenile delinquent: a ‘young’ person who commits crimes
🔘 rejuvenation: the act of restoring to a more ‘youthful’ condition
🔘 juvenilia: works produced by an author or artist while ‘young’

📂 مثال:
🔘 nation: A community of people sharing heritage, all born of a common origin
🔘 national: Pertaining to a nation or its people, especially those born within it
🔘 nationalism: The belief in a nation’s interests for those born of that land
🔘 nationalist: A person who advocates for the rights of those born in a specific nation
🔘 nationality: The status of being born in a particular nation
🔘 nationhood: The quality of being a nation, defined by people born of it
🔘 native: A person born in a specific place
🔘 nativity: The state or event of being born
🔘 natal: Relating to the conditions at which one is born
🔘 neonatal: Pertaining to a newborn, freshly born
🔘 prenatal: Occurring before one is born
🔘 postnatal: Occurring after one is born
🔘 perinatal: Relating to the period immediately before and after one is born
🔘 innate: An inherent quality present from the moment one is born
🔘 innateness: The state of being inborn from the moment one is born
🔘 natural: Existing as one is born, without artificial influence
🔘 nature: The inherent qualities with which one is born
🔘 naturalism: A belief that life is governed by natural causes present from birth
🔘 naturalist: A person who studies nature and observes how life is born
🔘 naturalize: To grant citizenship to someone, treating them as if born in that country
🔘 naturalization: The process of making someone legally as if born in the nation
🔘 naturalistic: Pertaining to a style that portrays subjects as they are born in nature
🔘 nationalize: To bring an enterprise under state control for those born in the nation
🔘 nationalization: The act of transferring assets to state control for those born within the country
🔘 nationalistic: Exhibiting pride in one’s nation and its people born of that land
🔘 non - native: Describing someone not born in a particular region
🔘 prenatally: In a manner relating to the period before one is born
🔘 postnatally: In a manner relating to the period after one is born
🔘 perinatally: In a manner relating to the time immediately before and after one is born
🔘 nativism: A policy favoring those born in a country over those not born there
🔘 nativist: A person who prefers the interests of those born in a specific country
🔘 multinational: Involving organizations or individuals born in multiple nations
🔘 transnational: Extending across borders, involving those born in different countries
🔘 supranational: Existing above national boundaries, impacting those born in various nations
🔘 subnational: Pertaining to regions within a nation, where people are born
🔘 natality: The rate at which individuals are born
🔘 natation: The act of swimming, a skill often learned soon after being born
🔘 neonate: A newborn infant, freshly born
🔘 antinatalism: The belief that procreation is unethical, questioning the act of being born
🔘 antinatalist: One who supports the view that it is better not to be born
🔘 international: Relating to or involving people born in different nations

📂 مثال:
🔘 marine: related to the ‘sea’
🔘 maritime: connected with the ‘sea’ and navigation
🔘 mariner: a sailor or person who navigates the ‘sea’
🔘 submarine: a vessel designed to operate under the ‘sea’
🔘 aquamarine: a blue - green color resembling the ‘sea’
🔘 marina: a harbor for boats on the ‘sea’
🔘 mermaid: a mythical ‘sea’ creature with a human upper body and fish tail
🔘 merman: a male mythical ‘sea’ creature
🔘 mareograph: an instrument measuring ‘sea’ level changes
🔘 mercurial: originally related to Mercury, the god of travel, including over the ‘sea’

📂 مثال:
🔘 narrate: to ‘tell’ a story or describe events
🔘 narrator: the person who ‘tells’ the story
🔘 narrative: a spoken or written account that ‘tells’ events
🔘 narration: the act of ‘telling’ a story
🔘 unnarrated: not ‘told’ or without a narrator
🔘 prenarration: the act of beginning to ‘tell’ a story
🔘 misnarrate: to ‘tell’ something incorrectly or inaccurately
🔘 narratable: capable of being ‘told’ as a story

📂 مثال:
🔘 merchant: a person involved in ‘trade’
🔘 commerce: the activity of buying and selling; ‘trade’
🔘 mercantile: related to ‘trade’ or commerce
🔘 merchandise: goods available for ‘trade’ or sale
🔘 mercenary: someone who works or fights mainly for ‘wages’ or payment
🔘 mercer: a dealer or trader in textiles
🔘 commercial: related to business or ‘trade’
🔘 market: a place for buying and selling goods; rooted in the idea of ‘trade’

📂 مثال:
🔘 sanctuary: a ‘holy’ place of refuge or protection
🔘 sanctify: to make something ‘holy’ or sacred
🔘 sanction: an official approval, originally meaning to make ‘sacred’
🔘 sacred: considered ‘holy’ and deserving of reverence
🔘 sacrament: a religious rite considered ‘holy’
🔘 sacrifice: an offering made to a deity, considered ‘sacred’
🔘 sacrilegious: disrespectful toward something ‘sacred’
🔘 sacristy: a room in a church where ‘holy’ items are kept
🔘 sacrosanct: extremely ‘sacred’ and untouchable
🔘 consecrate: to declare something as ‘sacred’ or ‘holy’
🔘 desecrate: to treat something ‘holy’ with disrespect
🔘 execrate: to curse something as opposed to ‘holy’
🔘 sanctimonious: pretending to be morally ‘holy’ or superior
🔘 sacrificial: relating to giving up something for a ‘sacred’ purpose
🔘 sacristan: a person in charge of ‘sacred’ objects in a church

📂 مثال:
🔘 rogue: A dishonest person who "asks" for things under false pretenses
🔘 interrogative: Asking questions
🔘 interrogation: The process of "asking" questions to gather information
🔘 arrogant: Presumptuously "asking" for things without regard for others
🔘 derogatory: Referring to an "asking" that harms someone's reputation
🔘 prerogative: A right to "ask" for something before others
🔘 surrogate: A person "asked" to do something in place of another
🔘 abrogate: To legally "ask" for a duty to be revoked
🔘 supererogatory: Exceeding what was originally "asked" or required
🔘 prorogue: To "ask" for a delay or postponement of something

📂 مثال:
🔘 habit: a regular practice one ‘has’ or ‘holds’
🔘 habitat: the natural place where an organism ‘lives’
🔘 inhabit: to ‘live’ in or occupy a space
🔘 inhabitant: one who ‘lives’ in a place
🔘 habitual: done regularly; ‘held’ as a routine
🔘 habituate: to become used to something; to ‘hold’ as familiar
🔘 cohabit: to ‘live’ together, especially as partners
🔘 habitable: suitable or fit to ‘live’ in
🔘 rehabilitation: the process of being restored or ‘held’ back into good condition or health

📂 مثال:
🔘 congregate: to come together as a ‘group’
🔘 congregation: a ‘group’ of people gathered for a purpose
🔘 segregate: to separate from a ‘group’
🔘 aggregation: a collection or gathering into a ‘group’
🔘 gregarious: enjoying being in a ‘group’ or flock
🔘 egregious: standing out from a ‘group’ in a bad way
🔘 aggregate: to bring things together into a ‘group’
🔘 desegregate: to remove separation within a ‘group’
🔘 segregation: the act of keeping different ‘groups’ apart
🔘 gregarian: relating to a ‘group’ or flock - oriented lifestyle

📂 مثال:
🔘 sorority: a social organization of ‘sisters’ at a college or university
🔘 sororal: relating to ‘sisters’ or sisterhood
🔘 sororicide: the act of killing one’s own ‘sister’
🔘 sororate: a custom where a man marries the ‘sister’ of his deceased wife
🔘 sorores: Latin plural form meaning ‘sisters’
🔘 sorority house: the home or building where a group of college ‘sisters’ live
🔘 sororize: to associate in a ‘sisterly’ way or form a bond like ‘sisters’

📂 مثال:
🔘 dominion: Mastery or control over a territory or group
🔘 predominant: Having the master influence or greatest importance
🔘 dominant: The master or most powerful element in a group
🔘 dominance: Mastery over others through control or superiority
🔘 dominate: To master or control others completely
🔘 domination: The act of mastering or ruling through power
🔘 domineer: To master or control in a harsh, autocratic manner
🔘 domineering: Tending to master others in a forceful, overbearing way
🔘 predominance: The state of having mastered or superior control over others

📂 مثال:
🔘 fraternity: a group or society of ‘brothers’ or people sharing close bonds
🔘 fraternal: relating to ‘brothers’ or brotherly relationships
🔘 fraternize: to behave in a friendly or ‘brotherly’ way, often with people one is not supposed to
🔘 fratricide: the act of killing one’s own ‘brother’
🔘 confraternity: a society of people joined together in a spirit of ‘brotherhood’
🔘 fraternalism: belief in or practice of ‘brotherhood’
🔘 fraternization: forming social bonds like those between ‘brothers’
🔘 frater: Latin word for ‘brother, ’ still used in some religious or formal contexts

📂 مثال:
🔘 gratitude: the state of being ‘thankful’
🔘 grateful: feeling or showing ‘thankfulness’
🔘 gratuity: a tip given to show ‘thanks’ for service
🔘 congratulate: to express joy or ‘pleasure’ for someone’s success
🔘 ingrate: a person who shows no ‘gratitude’
🔘 gratuitous: given freely, as if out of ‘kindness’ or ‘pleasure’
🔘 ingratiate: to try to gain favor or ‘please’ someone
🔘 gracious: showing kindness and ‘pleasing’ manners

📂 مثال:
🔘 melanin: the dark pigment that gives ‘black’ or brown color to skin, hair, and eyes
🔘 melanoma: a type of skin cancer that originates in ‘dark’ pigmented cells
🔘 melancholia: a state of deep sadness, historically linked to ‘black’ bile
🔘 melanocyte: a cell that produces melanin or ‘black’ pigment
🔘 melanism: abnormal dark ‘coloration’ of skin, fur, or feathers
🔘 melanoidin: a ‘dark’ pigment formed during food browning processes
🔘 melanosis: a condition marked by ‘dark’ pigmentation in body tissues
🔘 melanoderma: abnormal ‘darkening’ of the skin

📂 مثال:
🔘 dactyl: a metrical foot in poetry, originally named for its resemblance to a ‘finger’ ( one long, two short syllables )
🔘 dactylology: the use of ‘fingers’ to communicate in sign language
🔘 dactylitis: inflammation of the ‘fingers’ or toes
🔘 polydactyl: having extra ‘fingers’ or toes
🔘 pterodactyl: a prehistoric flying reptile with winged ‘fingers’
🔘 dactylography: the study of ‘fingerprints’
🔘 dactylic: relating to a rhythmic pattern resembling the joints of a ‘finger’
🔘 brachydactyly: having abnormally short ‘fingers’ or toes

📂 مثال:
🔘 aesthetic: relating to beauty or refined ‘perception’
🔘 anesthetic: a substance that removes ‘sensation’ or feeling
🔘 aesthetics: the branch of philosophy dealing with ‘sensory’ experience of beauty
🔘 anesthesiology: the study and practice of blocking physical ‘sensation’
🔘 hyperaesthesia: abnormally increased physical ‘sensitivity’
🔘 synesthesia: a condition in which ‘senses’ are mixed ( e. g. , seeing sounds )
🔘 aesthete: a person highly sensitive to art and ‘beauty’
🔘 anaesthesia: complete loss of ‘sensation’ or awareness due to drugs or trauma

📂 مثال:
🔘 cephalopod: a marine animal with a prominent ‘head’ and tentacles ( like an octopus )
🔘 encephalitis: inflammation of the brain inside the ‘head’
🔘 cephalic: relating to the ‘head’
🔘 microcephaly: a condition where the ‘head’ is abnormally small
🔘 hydrocephalus: a condition involving excess fluid in the ‘head’ ( brain )
🔘 megalocephaly: having an unusually large ‘head’
🔘 cephalometry: the measurement of the ‘head’
🔘 cephalalgia: pain in the ‘head’ ( headache )

📂 مثال:
🔘 orthodontist: a specialist who straightens ‘teeth’
🔘 odontology: the scientific study of ‘teeth’
🔘 periodontal: relating to the area around the ‘tooth’
🔘 odontologist: a person who studies the structure and diseases of ‘teeth’
🔘 odontoma: a benign tumor linked to tooth development
🔘 odontectomy: surgical removal of a ‘tooth’
🔘 odontogenesis: the formation and development of ‘teeth’
🔘 odontoblast: a cell that helps form dentin in a ‘tooth’

📂 مثال:
🔘 scribe: a person who ‘writes’
🔘 describe: to ‘write’ down or explain in words
🔘 manuscript: a document ‘written’ by hand or typed
🔘 subscribe: to ‘write’ one's name under an agreement or service
🔘 prescription: a medical direction ‘written’ by a doctor
🔘 inscription: something ‘written’ on a surface like stone or metal
🔘 transcribe: to ‘write’ or copy from one form to another
🔘 scripture: sacred ‘writings’ or texts
🔘 postscript: a note ‘written’ after the main letter ( P. S. )
🔘 conscript: to ‘write’ someone's name into mandatory service ( often military )
🔘 circumscribe: to ‘write’ or draw a boundary around something
🔘 scriptwriter: someone who ‘writes’ scripts for films or plays

📂 مثال:
🔘 negative: expressing ‘denial’ or refusal
🔘 negate: to ‘deny’ or nullify something
🔘 neglect: to ‘deny’ attention or care
🔘 negligent: careless, ‘denying’ responsibility
🔘 negligible: so small it can be ‘denied’ importance
🔘 neglectful: habitually ‘denying’ attention or duty
🔘 renegade: one who ‘denies’ allegiance or loyalty
🔘 abnegate: to ‘deny’ oneself something
🔘 denegation: the act of formally ‘denying’ something
🔘 negotiable: capable of being changed rather than ‘denied’

📂 مثال:
🔘 technique: a method or way of doing something with ‘skill’
🔘 technology: the application of scientific knowledge for practical ‘skills’ or purposes
🔘 technician: a person skilled in a specific ‘craft’ or technical task
🔘 technical: relating to a particular ‘skill’ or specialized knowledge
🔘 technocracy: a system of governance by people with technical ‘skills’
🔘 technophile: someone who loves or is enthusiastic about ‘technology’
🔘 pyrotechnics: the ‘craft’ of making or using fireworks
🔘 biotechnology: the use of living systems and organisms in technical ‘applications’

📂 مثال:
🔘 phytology: the scientific study of ‘plants’
🔘 phytoplankton: microscopic ‘plant’ - like organisms found in water
🔘 phytotherapy: the use of ‘plants’ for medicinal purposes
🔘 phytotoxin: a toxin produced by a ‘plant’
🔘 epiphyte: a ‘plant’ that grows on another plant
🔘 xerophyte: a ‘plant’ adapted to dry environments
🔘 hydrophyte: a ‘plant’ adapted to grow in water
🔘 geophyte: a ‘plant’ that grows underground or has underground storage organs
🔘 mesophyte: a ‘plant’ that grows in environments with a moderate amount of moisture

📂 مثال:
🔘 dioxide: a compound with ‘two’ oxygen atoms
🔘 diploid: having ‘two’ complete sets of chromosomes
🔘 dilemma: a situation involving ‘two’ difficult choices
🔘 dioxide: a molecule composed of ‘two’ oxygen atoms
🔘 diphthong: a sound formed by the combination of ‘two’ vowel sounds
🔘 diverge: to split and go in ‘two’ different directions
🔘 divalent: having a chemical valence of ‘two’
🔘 dichotomy: a division into ‘two’ parts or groups
🔘 dipolar: having ‘two’ magnetic or electrical poles

📂 مثال:
🔘 hyperbole: an exaggerated statement, as if throwing something beyond its actual truth
🔘 diabolical: so evil or cruel, it feels like being thrown into wickedness
🔘 parable: a short story thrown forward to illustrate a moral or lesson
🔘 diabolic: showing wickedness, as if thrown from the devil
🔘 hyperbola: a curve thrown open, formed by cutting a cone with a plane
🔘 hyperbolic: enlarged or exaggerated, thrown beyond truth or reason
🔘 metabolism: the process of chemical transformations thrown together within a living organism
🔘 parabola: a curve thrown symmetrically, formed by the intersection of a cone and a parallel plane
🔘 parabolic: related to or resembling stories or lessons thrown forward as parables
🔘 symbol: a sign or image thrown together to represent something else
🔘 symbolize: to express indirectly by throwing an image or model forward

📂 مثال:
🔘 hyperactive: excessively or abnormally ‘active’
🔘 hypertension: abnormally ‘high’ blood pressure
🔘 hyperglycemia: an excess of glucose ‘above’ normal levels in the blood
🔘 hyperbole: exaggerated statement that goes ‘over’ the truth
🔘 hypersensitive: overly or excessively ‘sensitive’
🔘 hyperthermia: dangerously ‘high’ body temperature
🔘 hyperventilate: to ‘breathe’ at an abnormally fast or deep rate
🔘 hypercritical: excessively or unjustifiably ‘critical’

📂 مثال:
🔘 hypodermic: relating to the area ‘under’ the skin
🔘 hypothermia: a condition where body temperature is ‘below normal’
🔘 hypoglycemia: abnormally low blood sugar — ‘under’ normal levels
🔘 hypothesis: a theory placed ‘under’ consideration or investigation
🔘 hypoactive: less active or ‘under’ the usual level of activity
🔘 hypodensity: having ‘lower’ density compared to surrounding areas
🔘 hypochondria: excessive worry about health, thinking something is wrong ‘under’ the surface
🔘 hypoxia: ‘under’ normal oxygen levels in the body tissues

📂 مثال:
🔘 amphibian: an animal that lives on ‘both’ land and water
🔘 amphitheater: a round or oval building with seating on ‘both sides’
🔘 amphibia: a class of vertebrates adapted to live in ‘both’ aquatic and terrestrial environments
🔘 amphipathic: having ‘both’ hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
🔘 amphicrania: headache affecting ‘both’ sides of the head
🔘 amphitropic: attracted to ‘both’ poles in a field or system
🔘 amphidromous: fish that migrate ‘both’ upstream and downstream during their life cycle

📂 مثال:
🔘 agenda: things to be “done”
🔘 agent: one who “does” things for another
🔘 agitate: to “do” troublesome and irritating things to another
🔘 agility: the ability to “do” difficult mental and physical things
🔘 agile: of the ability to “do” difficult mental and physical things
🔘 coagulate: to “do” or “drive” together
🔘 navigate: to “do” therefore “drive” a ship
🔘 litigate: to “do” a lawsuit
🔘 castigate: to “do” punishment to
🔘 exigent: of that which must be thoroughly “done” immediately
🔘 ambiguous: of “doing” on both sides of an issue, and not clearly landing on one

📂 مثال:
🔘 lithograph: a print made using a ‘stone’ surface
🔘 monolith: a large single block of ‘stone’
🔘 lithosphere: the solid outer layer of the earth, made of ‘stone’
🔘 lithology: the study of types and properties of ‘stones’ or rocks
🔘 neolithic: relating to the later part of the ‘stone’ age
🔘 lithotomy: a surgical procedure involving removal of ‘stones’ ( e. g. , from the bladder )
🔘 lithic: relating to or made of ‘stone’
🔘 paleolithic: referring to the early period of the ‘stone’ age

📂 مثال:
🔘 diary: a record of daily events and thoughts for each ‘day’
🔘 diurnal: occurring during the ‘day’ rather than at night
🔘 quotidian: happening every ‘day’, daily or ordinary
🔘 meridian: the highest point of the ‘day’ when the sun is at its peak
🔘 circadian: relating to biological processes that follow a 24 - hour ‘day’ cycle
🔘 dismal: originally referring to unlucky ‘days’, now meaning gloomy
🔘 postmeridian ( PM ) : occurring in the afternoon, after midday in the ‘day’

📂 مثال:
🔘 mythology: the study of ‘stories’ or legends, especially ancient ones
🔘 myth: a traditional ‘story’ that explains natural or social phenomena
🔘 mythical: relating to or resembling a ‘legend’ or traditional tale
🔘 mythos: the underlying system of ‘myths’ or beliefs of a culture
🔘 mythicize: to turn something into a ‘legend’ or make it seem legendary
🔘 demythologize: to remove the ‘myth’ or legendary elements from a story or belief
🔘 mythographer: a writer or recorder of ‘myths’
🔘 mythopoeic: creating or giving rise to ‘myths’

📂 مثال:
🔘 megabyte: a unit of digital information equal to one million bytes — a ‘large’ amount
🔘 megaphone: a device that makes the voice sound ‘larger’ or louder
🔘 megastar: a ‘great’ or extremely famous celebrity
🔘 megacity: a ‘large’ city with a population in the millions
🔘 megadose: a ‘large’ amount of a drug or vitamin
🔘 megalopolis: a ‘great’ urban area made up of several large cities
🔘 megaton: a unit of explosive power equal to one million tons of TNT — extremely ‘great’ in force
🔘 megastructure: a ‘large’ and massive building or construction

📂 مثال:
🔘 fissure: a long narrow opening or ‘split’
🔘 fission: the action of ‘splitting’ into parts ( often used in nuclear physics )
🔘 fissile: capable of being ‘split’ or divided
🔘 fissility: the quality of being easily ‘split’
🔘 fissiparous: inclined to ‘divide’ or split into parts or groups
🔘 infissure: to ‘split’ inward or create a crack within
🔘 defissure: to close or heal a ‘split’ or fissure

📂 مثال:
🔘 gustatory: relating to the sense of ‘taste’
🔘 disgust: a strong feeling of dislike, as if from ‘bad taste’
🔘 gusto: enthusiastic enjoyment, often with figurative ‘taste’
🔘 degustation: the act of ‘tasting’ carefully or sampling various foods
🔘 gustation: the physical act or sense of ‘tasting’
🔘 disgusted: feeling sickened or offended, as by something that offends the ‘taste’
🔘 gustable: capable of being ‘tasted’
🔘 ingustable: lacking in ‘taste’ or flavor

📂 مثال:
🔘 rural: relating to the ‘countryside’ rather than the city
🔘 rustic: having a simple, ‘village’ - like or ‘countryside’ charm
🔘 ruralism: the way of life or customs typical of the ‘countryside’
🔘 rusticity: the quality of being ‘rural’ or plain in style
🔘 rusticate: to go live in the ‘countryside’; to exile to a ‘rural’ area
🔘 nonrural: not relating to the ‘countryside’
🔘 ruralize: to make something more like the ‘countryside’ in appearance or character

📂 مثال:
🔘 population: the number of ‘people’ living in an area
🔘 popular: liked by many ‘people’
🔘 populace: the general body of ‘people’ in a country or area
🔘 depopulate: to reduce the number of ‘people’ in a place
🔘 populate: to fill an area with ‘people’
🔘 populous: full of ‘people’; densely populated
🔘 unpopulated: having no ‘people’ living there
🔘 overpopulation: having too many ‘people’ in one area

📂 مثال:
🔘 androgynous: having both ‘male’ and female characteristics
🔘 android: a robot designed to look like a ‘man’
🔘 andrology: the medical study of ‘male’ health, especially reproductive
🔘 androgens: hormones that promote ‘male’ traits
🔘 misandry: hatred or dislike of ‘men’
🔘 polyandry: the practice of one woman having multiple ‘male’ spouses
🔘 androgenic: causing development of ‘male’ characteristics
🔘 andromorph: having the form or shape of a ‘man’

📂 مثال:
🔘 hemisphere: one ‘half’ of a sphere ( such as the Earth or brain )
🔘 hemiplegia: paralysis of one ‘half’ of the body
🔘 hemicycle: a ‘half’ circle or semicircular shape
🔘 hemicrania: pain affecting one ‘half’ of the head ( migraine )
🔘 hemialgia: pain in one ‘half’ of the body
🔘 hemiparasite: a plant that is only partially or ‘half’ parasitic

📂 مثال:
🔘 quadrilateral: a shape with ‘four’ sides
🔘 quadrant: one ‘fourth’ of a circle
🔘 quadruple: to multiply or increase something by ‘four’
🔘 quadruped: an animal that walks on ‘four’ feet
🔘 quadriceps: a muscle with ‘four’ parts at the front of the thigh
🔘 quadrangle: an area or courtyard enclosed by ‘four’ sides
🔘 quadrilingual: able to speak ‘four’ languages
🔘 quadruplication: the act of making something ‘four’ times over

📂 مثال:
🔘 lactation: the production or secretion of ‘milk’
🔘 lactose: the sugar found in ‘milk’
🔘 lactase: the enzyme that breaks down ‘milk’ sugar
🔘 lacteal: relating to or resembling ‘milk’; also a lymphatic vessel that absorbs dietary fats
🔘 lactiferous: producing or conveying ‘milk’
🔘 lactogenic: causing or stimulating the production of ‘milk’
🔘 lactic acid: an acid produced in sour ‘milk’ and during muscle exertion
🔘 lactalbumin: a protein found in ‘milk’

📂 مثال:
🔘 optic: relating to the ‘eye’ or ‘vision’
🔘 optician: a specialist who prepares and fits lenses for the ‘eyes’
🔘 optometrist: a person trained to examine the ‘eyes’ and prescribe lenses
🔘 optometry: the field of measuring ‘vision’ and diagnosing eye problems
🔘 optical: related to sight or ‘vision’
🔘 optoscope: an instrument for examining the ‘eye’
🔘 optokinetic: related to movement triggered by ‘visual’ stimuli
🔘 optotype: characters used in testing ‘vision’ ( like in eye charts )

📂 مثال:
🔘 cacophony: a ‘bad’ or harsh mixture of sounds
🔘 cacography: ‘bad’ handwriting or spelling
🔘 cacology: ‘bad’ choice or use of words
🔘 cacodemon: an evil or ‘bad’ spirit or demon
🔘 cacogenesis: ‘bad’ or abnormal development
🔘 caconym: a ‘badly’ chosen or inappropriate name
🔘 cacopathia: a condition involving ‘bad’ feelings or suffering
🔘 cacesthesia: ‘bad’ or abnormal sensation

📂 مثال:
🔘 nephrology: the study of the ‘kidneys’
🔘 nephritis: inflammation of the ‘kidney’
🔘 nephron: the functional unit of the ‘kidney’
🔘 nephrectomy: surgical removal of a ‘kidney’
🔘 nephrotoxic: harmful or poisonous to the ‘kidney’
🔘 nephropathy: any disease of the ‘kidneys’
🔘 nephrogram: an X - ray or image of the ‘kidney’
🔘 nephrolithiasis: the condition of having ‘kidney’ stones

📂 مثال:
🔘 phlebitis: inflammation of a ‘vein’
🔘 phlebotomy: the act of cutting into a ‘vein’ to draw blood
🔘 phlebologist: a doctor who specializes in diseases of the ‘veins’
🔘 phlebology: the medical study of the ‘veins’
🔘 phlebogram: an X - ray image of a ‘vein’
🔘 phlebosclerosis: hardening of the ‘veins’
🔘 phlebectomy: surgical removal of a ‘vein’
🔘 phlebostasis: stopping or slowing of blood flow in a ‘vein’

📂 مثال:
🔘 aptitude: a natural ability to be suitable or fit for a skill
🔘 adept: highly skilled, talented, or suitable at something
🔘 adapt: to change or adjust to become suitable for a new situation
🔘 inept: unsuitable or unfit for a job or task
🔘 attitude: a person's way of thinking or feeling, which is suitable or fit for a particular situation
🔘 apt: naturally disposed toward something, suitable to the situation
🔘 ineptitude: lack of skill or suitability resulting from insufficient training

📂 مثال:
🔘 liaison: a connection or link between people or organizations for cooperation
🔘 lien: a legal claim to hold or sell property to satisfy a debt
🔘 reliable: able to be trusted or counted on
🔘 alliance: a union or connection between groups for mutual benefit
🔘 ally ( n. ) : a nation or person linked for a common cause
🔘 ally ( v. ) : to unite or join with others for a common purpose
🔘 liable: at risk of experiencing something negative or undesirable
🔘 misalliance: an inappropriate or unsuitable union, especially in marriage
🔘 rally: to gather or unite for a common purpose
🔘 reliance: dependence on something or someone for support
🔘 reliant: relying on others for assistance or support
🔘 liability: the legal responsibility or obligation to something or someone

📂 مثال:
🔘 vas deferens: the ‘duct’ that carries sperm from the testicles
🔘 vascular: relating to blood ‘vessels’
🔘 vasoconstriction: narrowing of a blood ‘vessel’
🔘 vasodilation: widening of a blood ‘vessel’
🔘 vasculitis: inflammation of the blood ‘vessels’
🔘 vasectomy: surgical cutting of the vas deferens ‘duct’
🔘 vasomotor: controlling the movement of blood through ‘vessels’
🔘 vasospasm: sudden constriction of a ‘vessel’

📂 مثال:
🔘 evade: To go away from or escape something
🔘 invade: To go into a place forcefully or aggressively
🔘 pervade: To go through and spread throughout something

📂 مثال:
🔘 turmoil: A state of confusion or disorder
🔘 turbulent: Characterized by confusion or disorder
🔘 turbulence: Disorderly or chaotic movement or behavior
🔘 perturb: To disturb or cause confusion
🔘 disturb: To interrupt the peace, causing disorder
🔘 turbid: Cloudy or opaque, often implying confusion
🔘 turbidity: The quality of being turbid, representing disorder or confusion

📂 مثال:
🔘 internet: networks connected ‘between’ each other
🔘 interconnected: linked ‘between’ multiple things
🔘 international: ‘between’ different nations
🔘 interoffice: ‘between’ offices
🔘 interstate: ‘between’ states or regions
🔘 intersection: a point where paths cross ‘between’
🔘 interscholastic: ‘between’ different schools
🔘 intercept: to seize or block ‘between’
🔘 intermission: a break sent ‘between’ activities
🔘 interrupt: to break ‘between’ an action
🔘 interested: engaged or placed ‘between’ ideas
🔘 interact: to act ‘between’ people or things

📂 مثال:
🔘 prefix: attached ‘before’ a word root
🔘 prevent: stop something ‘before’ it happens
🔘 precise: cut to be exact ‘before’ use
🔘 prejudice: judge ‘before’ knowing fully
🔘 preview: see ‘before’ its release
🔘 predict: say what happens ‘before’ it occurs
🔘 prepare: get ready ‘before’ an event
🔘 precaution: act done with care ‘before’ danger
🔘 prefer: carry importance ‘before’ others
🔘 president: one who leads ‘before’ others

📂 مثال:
🔘 altitude: the measure of how ‘high’ something is
🔘 altar: a raised platform placed ‘high’ for religious purposes
🔘 altimeter: a device that measures how ‘high’ something is
🔘 altiplano: a ‘high’ plateau in mountainous regions
🔘 exalt: to lift someone or something ‘high’ in status or praise
🔘 exalted: placed ‘high’ in rank or position
🔘 altitudinal: related to ‘high’ elevations
🔘 alto: a musical voice range that is ‘high’ but below soprano
🔘 altimetry: the science of measuring how ‘high’ something is
🔘 altocumulus: a type of cloud that forms at ‘high’ altitude
🔘 altostratus: a cloud layer that is positioned ‘high’ in the sky

📂 مثال:
🔘 normal: conforming to a ‘standard’ or ‘rule’
🔘 norm: a socially accepted ‘standard’ of behavior
🔘 abnormal: away from or not following the ‘standard’
🔘 subnormal: below the expected ‘standard’
🔘 normalize: to make something follow the ‘standard’
🔘 enormity: the state of being far outside the accepted ‘norm’
🔘 normative: relating to establishing or following ‘rules’ or ‘standards’

📂 مثال:
🔘 gravity: the force that pulls things toward the earth with ‘weight’
🔘 grave: serious or ‘heavy’ in meaning or consequence
🔘 gravitate: to move or be pulled toward something as if by ‘weight’
🔘 aggravate: to make more ‘heavy’ or severe
🔘 gravestone: a ‘heavy’ stone that marks a burial site
🔘 gravid: carrying ‘heavy’ weight from pregnancy
🔘 gravitas: seriousness or dignity that carries emotional ‘weight’
🔘 aggravation: a condition made more ‘weighty’ or difficult

📂 مثال:
🔘 amity: a peaceful friendship, particularly between countries
🔘 inimical: unfriendly and likely to cause harm
🔘 amicable: a person who is friendly and agreeable
🔘 amiability: a cheerful and agreeable mood
🔘 amiable: disposed to please, friendly
🔘 amiably: in a friendly or agreeable manner
🔘 amicability: a tendency to avoid quarrels
🔘 amicably: in a friendly and agreeable manner
🔘 amiga: the Spanish word for a female friend
🔘 amigo: a friend or comrade in Spanish

📂 مثال:
🔘 amorous: showing or feeling ‘love’
🔘 amity: a friendly relationship filled with ‘love’
🔘 amicable: characterized by friendliness and ‘love’
🔘 enamored: deeply in ‘love’ or fascinated by something
🔘 amateur: one who pursues an activity for the ‘love’ of it rather than for money
🔘 paramour: a secret ‘lover’
🔘 amiable: having a pleasant and ‘loving’ personality
🔘 amatory: relating to ‘love’ or desire
🔘 amigo: a friend, showing ‘love’ and companionship
🔘 inamorata: a woman with whom someone is in ‘love’

📂 مثال:
🔘 influenza: originally, a “flowing” of evil influence from the stars
🔘 flu: short for "influenza"
🔘 flux: a state of continuous flow
🔘 influential: of positive or negative forces flowing into a person from another
🔘 influence: positive or negative forces flowing into one person from another
🔘 fluent: of words flowing from the tongue
🔘 fluency: the action of words flowing from one’s tongue
🔘 fluorine: an element which readily flows towards others to react with them
🔘 fluoride: a highly reactive anion of fluorine which flows towards cations such as sodium
🔘 fluid: a state of matter which flows
🔘 fluorescent: the flowing forth of photons
🔘 fluoresce: the flowing forth of light
🔘 effluent: a substance flowing out of something
🔘 confluence: the point at which two rivers flow together
🔘 affluence: a flowing towards someone of wealth

📂 مثال:
🔘 assign: To mark or sign someone for a specific task
🔘 assignation: A secret meeting marked by mutual agreement
🔘 consign: To seal or sign something into someone's care
🔘 designation: A name or title that marks identification
🔘 resignation: The act of signing off from a position willingly
🔘 significant: Marked as important or meaningful
🔘 design: To create or mark a plan
🔘 signal: A sign used to convey a message
🔘 assignment: A task or role marked for someone to complete
🔘 consignment: Goods sealed or marked for delivery
🔘 designate: To officially mark or assign a role
🔘 insignia: A badge or mark showing rank or position
🔘 insignificant: Not marked as worthy of attention
🔘 resign: To sign off and leave a position
🔘 sign: A mark or symbol representing something
🔘 signatory: A person who signs an official document
🔘 signature: A personal mark or sign for identification
🔘 signet: A seal used to officially mark documents
🔘 significance: The quality of being marked as important
🔘 signification: The meaning expressed by a sign
🔘 signify: To mark or denote meaning

📂 مثال:
🔘 inflame: to set on ‘fire’ or make fiery ( emotionally or physically )
🔘 flammable: easily set on ‘fire’
🔘 inflammation: the condition of being red, hot, and swollen—like being on ‘fire’
🔘 flamboyant: showy or fiery in style, like a ‘flame’
🔘 flamethrower: a weapon that projects a stream of ‘fire’
🔘 reflate: to blow ‘fire’ or heat back up ( economically or literally )
🔘 aflame: burning or glowing with ‘flame’
🔘 nonflammable: not easily set on ‘fire’
🔘 flambee: a cooking method involving ‘flame’ or ignition of alcohol

📂 مثال:
🔘 punctuate: to pierce or interrupt at intervals
🔘 compunction: a sharp feeling of guilt
🔘 punctilious: paying pointed attention to detail
🔘 acupuncture: treatment by piercing with sharp needles
🔘 poignancy: deeply pointed or sharp sorrow
🔘 punctilio: a fine point of etiquette
🔘 punctual: arriving at the pointed time
🔘 punctuality: the habit of adhering to a pointed time
🔘 punctuated: pierced or interrupted at intervals
🔘 punctuation: marking points or divisions in writing
🔘 puncture: to stab or pierce with a pointed object

📂 مثال:
🔘 fusion: the process of ‘pouring’ things together into one
🔘 infuse: to ‘pour’ into or fill with something
🔘 defuse: to ‘pour’ off tension or danger, making something less harmful
🔘 confuse: to ‘pour’ things together in a disorderly way
🔘 transfusion: the act of ‘pouring’ one substance into another, especially blood
🔘 effusive: emotionally ‘pouring’ out feelings openly
🔘 profuse: ‘pouring’ out in large amounts, excessive
🔘 diffuse: to ‘pour’ out and spread widely
🔘 suffuse: to gradually ‘pour’ over and cover
🔘 refuse: to ‘pour’ back, rejecting something

📂 مثال:
🔘 petition: a formal request to ‘seek’ something
🔘 appetite: a strong desire that ‘seeks’ satisfaction
🔘 compete: to ‘seek’ victory against others
🔘 competitor: one who ‘seeks’ to win against others
🔘 competition: the act of ‘seeking’ to surpass others
🔘 impetus: a driving force that ‘seeks’ movement or action
🔘 repetition: the act of ‘seeking’ to do something again
🔘 perpetual: continuously ‘seeking’ to last forever
🔘 petulant: impatiently ‘seeking’ to get one’s way

📂 مثال:
🔘 solve: to ‘loosen’ a problem by finding an answer
🔘 resolve: to ‘loosen’ doubt or uncertainty by making a decision
🔘 dissolve: to ‘loosen’ or break apart into liquid
🔘 solvent: a substance that ‘loosens’ and dissolves another
🔘 insolvent: not able to ‘loosen’ or pay debts
🔘 resolution: the act of ‘loosening’ a conflict or issue
🔘 absolve: to ‘loosen’ someone from guilt or responsibility
🔘 solvable: able to be ‘loosened’ or resolved
🔘 dissolution: the process of ‘loosening’ or dissolving something
🔘 resolute: firmly determined, without needing to ‘loosen’ decisions

📂 مثال:
🔘 ludicrous: so foolish it seems like a ‘play’ or joke
🔘 interlude: a short ‘play’ or break between parts of a performance
🔘 prelude: an introduction that ‘plays’ before the main part
🔘 delude: to ‘trick’ someone by playing with the truth
🔘 allude: to casually ‘play’ toward or hint at something
🔘 elude: to ‘trick’ or escape from capture cleverly
🔘 illusion: something that ‘plays’ with the senses; a deceptive appearance
🔘 collude: to ‘play’ together in secret for deceitful purposes
🔘 ludic: related to ‘play’ or playfulness

📂 مثال:
🔘 final: pertaining to an end
🔘 finale: an end to something, especially a performance or event
🔘 finish: to bring something to an end
🔘 infinite: having no end or limit
🔘 infinity: a mathematical entity having no end
🔘 infinitesimal: pertaining to something having no end to its smallness
🔘 confine: to provide a thorough boundary for or an end beyond which one cannot pass
🔘 definition: a boundary or end for the meaning of a word
🔘 indefinite: not having an end or boundary
🔘 fine: brought to a good end
🔘 refinery: an industrial plant where a crude substance is processed thoroughly to a usable end
🔘 finite: having an end or limit
🔘 finicky: pertaining to someone who has too many limiting boundaries

📂 مثال:
🔘 indoctrinate: Teach beliefs uncritically
🔘 docile: Easy to teach or control
🔘 docent: A teacher at some universities
🔘 docility: Willingness to be taught or controlled
🔘 doctor: Alter deceptively instead of teaching truth
🔘 doctrinaire: Teaching stubbornly without practicality
🔘 doctrinal: Relating to taught doctrines
🔘 doctrine: Authoritative beliefs taught by a group
🔘 document: Teach or record in detail
🔘 documentary: Teaching through documented facts
🔘 documentation: Evidence used to teach or confirm truth
🔘 undocumented: Without documents to teach or verify

📂 مثال:
🔘 move: to ‘move’ from one place to another
🔘 motion: the act of ‘moving’
🔘 motor: a device that causes something to ‘move’
🔘 motivate: to cause someone to ‘move’ toward action
🔘 emotion: an internal feeling that ‘moves’ a person
🔘 mobile: able to ‘move’ easily
🔘 mobility: the ability to ‘move’ freely
🔘 immobile: not able to ‘move’
🔘 promote: to ‘move’ something forward
🔘 demote: to ‘move’ down in rank
🔘 removable: able to be ‘moved’ away
🔘 automobile: a vehicle that ‘moves’ by itself
🔘 locomotion: the ability to ‘move’ from place to place
🔘 commotion: a noisy disturbance caused by sudden ‘movement’
🔘 mobilize: to prepare or organize for ‘movement’

📂 مثال:
🔘 Equate: to make “equal”
🔘 Equatable: able to be considered “equal”
🔘 Inequivalent: not “equal”
🔘 Equivalently: in an “equal” manner
🔘 Equivalency: the state of being “equal”
🔘 Adequate: “equal” to a requirement
🔘 Inadequate: not “equal” to a need
🔘 Adequacy: the quality of being “equal” to a demand
🔘 Inadequacy: the state of not being “equal” to a requirement
🔘 Adequately: in a manner “equal” to what’s needed
🔘 Inadequately: not meeting the “equal” standard
🔘 Equitably: in a fair or “equal” way
🔘 Inequitably: not in a fair or “equal” manner
🔘 Equitableness: the quality of being “equal” and fair
🔘 Equidistantly: at “equal” distances
🔘 Equal: the same or “equal”
🔘 Equally: in an “equal” manner
🔘 Equality: the condition of being “equal”
🔘 Unequal: not “equal”
🔘 Unequally: in a manner that is not “equal”
🔘 Inequality: lack of “equal” status
🔘 Equalize: to make “equal”
🔘 Equalizer: something that makes others “equal”
🔘 Equalization: the process of making things “equal”
🔘 Equinoctial: relating to times when day and night are “equal”
🔘 Equidistant: at “equal” distances
🔘 Equilateral: having all sides “equal”
🔘 Equilibrium: a state of “equal” balance
🔘 Equinox: time of the year when day and night are “equal”
🔘 Equitable: fair or “equal” in treatment
🔘 Equivalent: essentially “equal” in value or meaning
🔘 Equiangular: having “equal” angles
🔘 Equation: a statement asserting “equal” values
🔘 Equator: an imaginary line dividing Earth into “equal” halves
🔘 Equatorial: relating to the “equal” midline of Earth
🔘 Equanimity: maintaining an “equal” state of mind
🔘 Equipotent: having “equal” power or effect
🔘 Equilibrate: to bring to an “equal” balance
🔘 Equity: the quality of being fair or “equal”
🔘 Equipoise: a state of “equal” balance
🔘 Equable: remaining “equal” in mood or temper
🔘 Equidistance: the condition of being at “equal” distance
🔘 Equivocal: open to more than one meaning, not “equal” clarity
🔘 Equivocate: to use ambiguous language, lacking “equal” clarity
🔘 Equivocation: the act of being unclear, not “equal” in directness
🔘 Inequity: an unfair situation, not “equal”
🔘 Inequitable: lacking “equal” fairness
🔘 Unequivocal: leaving no doubt, entirely “equal” in clarity
🔘 Equivalence: the condition of being essentially “equal”
🔘 Equilibration: the process of achieving “equal” balance

📂 مثال:
🔘 fortress: a ‘strong’ and fortified place for defense
🔘 fortify: to make something ‘stronger’
🔘 fortitude: ‘strength’ and courage in facing difficulties
🔘 comfort: a state of physical or emotional ‘strength’ and ease
🔘 discomfort: a lack of ‘strength’ or ease
🔘 reinforce: to add extra support and make something ‘stronger’
🔘 fortification: the act of making something more ‘strong’ and secure
🔘 forte: a person’s ‘strong’ skill or talent
🔘 effort: the use of physical or mental ‘strength’ to achieve something
🔘 force: power or ‘strength’ applied to something
🔘 fortissimo: a musical term meaning very ‘strong’ or loud
🔘 forte - piano: a musical direction meaning from ‘strong’ to soft
🔘 fortify: to build up ‘strength’ or resistance
🔘 fortnight: originally meaning a ‘strong’ ( complete ) period of two weeks

📂 مثال:
🔘 incorrigible: Someone who cannot be guided or corrected due to bad habits or behavior
🔘 regime: The ruling system or governing group in power
🔘 regimented: Organized or controlled strictly by rules or guidelines
🔘 irregular: Not following normal rules or patterns, behaving unusually
🔘 regulation: A rule that guides or directs how people should behave
🔘 region: An area or section distinguished from others by specific characteristics
🔘 reign: The period during which a monarch rules or guides a kingdom
🔘 regal: Pertaining to the rule or style of a supreme ruler
🔘 regalia: Items or paraphernalia associated with royalty or high office
🔘 regency: The period during which a regent governs or rules in place of a monarch
🔘 regent: A ruler or guide acting on behalf of a monarch
🔘 regicide: The act of killing a monarch or someone who rules
🔘 regimen: A systematic plan for guidance, often in medicine or therapy
🔘 regiment: To subject to strict discipline, rules, and organization
🔘 regnant: Exercising power or authority, typically in ruling
🔘 regular: Conforming to set rules or patterns
🔘 regularity: The quality of having consistent, equal sides or angles in polygons
🔘 regulate: To adjust or control according to a set of rules or principles
🔘 regulatory: Guiding or restricting actions based on rules or principles

📂 مثال:
🔘 station: A place where someone stands or is stationed
🔘 status: One's social standing or position
🔘 stature: The height or standing of a person
🔘 statue: A figure that stands as an image
🔘 statement: A declaration of how something stands
🔘 state: The condition or situation something stands in
🔘 ecstatic: A feeling that stands outside of normal emotions
🔘 stationary: Not moving, standing still
🔘 distant: Standing far away or at a distance
🔘 constitution: The structure of how something stands together
🔘 constitution: A document that defines how a nation stands
🔘 destitute: A state of being without financial standing
🔘 superstition: Belief that stands above reason or everyday logic
🔘 institute: To establish or make something stand
🔘 misstate: To incorrectly state how something stands

📂 مثال:
🔘 static: staying in one ‘place’ or ‘standing’ still
🔘 station: a ‘place’ where something is made to ‘stand’ or stay
🔘 status: the condition in which someone or something ‘stands’
🔘 stature: the height at which someone ‘stands’
🔘 statistic: a fact or piece of data that ‘stands’ to represent a group
🔘 state: the condition in which something ‘stands’ at a given time
🔘 stationary: ‘standing’ still, not moving
🔘 thermostat: a device that helps something ‘stay’ at a set temperature
🔘 constant: something that ‘stands’ unchanged over time

📂 مثال:
🔘 location: a specific ‘place’
🔘 relocate: to move to a different ‘place’
🔘 dislocate: to move something out of its proper ‘place’
🔘 local: relating to a nearby ‘place’
🔘 allocate: to assign or set aside for a particular ‘place’ or purpose
🔘 locomotion: the act of moving from ‘place’ to ‘place’
🔘 locale: a scene or setting; a ‘place’ where something happens
🔘 locator: a person or device that finds a ‘place’

📂 مثال:
🔘 chiropractic: a medical practice focused on treating disorders by ‘hand’ manipulation of the spine
🔘 chiropodist: a specialist who treats feet and sometimes ‘hand’ - related conditions
🔘 chiropractor: a practitioner who uses their ‘hands’ to adjust joints and spine
🔘 chiromancy: the art of reading the future from the ‘hand’ ( palm reading )
🔘 chirography: the art or style of ‘hand’writing
🔘 chirospasm: a cramp or spasm in the ‘hand’

📂 مثال:
🔘 oculomotor: relating to movement of the ‘eye’
🔘 oculoplasty: surgical repair of the ‘eye’ or eyelid
🔘 oculopathy: any disease of the ‘eye’
🔘 oculograph: a device that records ‘eye’ movements
🔘 oculocardiac: relating the ‘eye’ to heart reflexes
🔘 oculofacial: relating to the ‘eye’ and face
🔘 oculonasal: relating to the ‘eye’ and nose

📂 مثال:
🔘 rhinoplasty: surgical reshaping of the ‘nose’
🔘 rhinitis: inflammation of the ‘nose’ lining
🔘 rhinorrhea: excessive discharge from the ‘nose’
🔘 rhinology: the study of the ‘nose’ and its diseases
🔘 rhinocele: a cavity or hernia of the ‘nose’
🔘 rhinogenic: originating in the ‘nose’

📂 مثال:
🔘 craniology: the study of the shape and size of the ‘skull’
🔘 craniotomy: a surgical opening into the ‘skull’
🔘 cranioplasty: surgical repair of the ‘skull’
🔘 craniosacral: relating to the ‘skull’ and sacrum
🔘 craniometer: an instrument for measuring the ‘skull’
🔘 craniofacial: relating to the ‘skull’ and face

📂 مثال:
🔘 myology: the study of ‘muscles’
🔘 myocardium: the muscular tissue of the heart
🔘 myopathy: a disease of the ‘muscles’
🔘 myositis: inflammation of ‘muscle’ tissue
🔘 myogram: a recording of ‘muscle’ activity
🔘 myofibril: a basic rod - like unit of a ‘muscle’ cell
🔘 myalgia: ‘muscle’ pain

📂 مثال:
🔘 hepatitis: inflammation of the ‘liver’
🔘 hepatology: the study of the ‘liver’
🔘 hepatomegaly: enlargement of the ‘liver’
🔘 hepatic: relating to the ‘liver’
🔘 hepatocellular: relating to the cells of the ‘liver’

📂 مثال:
🔘 osteology: the study of ‘bones’
🔘 osteoporosis: a condition where ‘bones’ become weak and brittle
🔘 osteopathy: a medical practice focused on treating issues related to ‘bones’ and muscles
🔘 osteoarthritis: inflammation of the joints involving ‘bones’
🔘 osteocyte: a cell found in mature ‘bone’ tissue
🔘 osteoma: a benign tumor made of ‘bone’
🔘 osteotomy: a surgical ‘cutting’ of bone
🔘 osteogenesis: the formation or creation of ‘bone’
🔘 osteonecrosis: death of ‘bone’ tissue due to lack of blood supply
🔘 osteoblast: a cell that helps form new ‘bone’

📂 مثال:
🔘 angioplasty: a surgical procedure to repair or unblock a ‘vessel’
🔘 angiogram: an imaging test that shows blood ‘vessels’ using contrast dye
🔘 angiogenesis: the formation of new blood ‘vessels’
🔘 angiopathy: a disease of blood ‘vessels’
🔘 angioma: a benign growth formed from blood or lymph ‘vessels’
🔘 angiosarcoma: a cancer that originates in the lining of blood ‘vessels’
🔘 angiocarditis: inflammation of the heart and blood ‘vessels’
🔘 angiotensin: a protein that causes blood ‘vessels’ to constrict
🔘 angiectomy: surgical removal of a portion of a ‘vessel’
🔘 angiocardiography: imaging of the heart and blood ‘vessels’ using contrast dye

📂 مثال:
🔘 neurology: the study of the ‘nerves’ and the nervous system
🔘 neuroscience: the scientific study of the ‘nervous’ system
🔘 neurologist: a doctor who specializes in treating disorders of the ‘nervous’ system
🔘 neuron: a cell transmitting ‘nerve’ signals
🔘 neuralgia: intense pain along a ‘nerve’
🔘 neurotransmitter: chemicals used by ‘nerve’ cells to communicate
🔘 neuropathy: damage or disease affecting the ‘nerves’
🔘 neurosurgery: surgical treatment involving the ‘nerves’ or nervous system
🔘 neurotic: relating to a condition involving anxiety or emotional stress connected to the ‘nerves’
🔘 neurogenesis: the formation of new ‘nerve’ cells

📂 مثال:
🔘 dermatology: the study of ‘skin’ and its diseases
🔘 epidermis: the outer layer of ‘skin’
🔘 hypodermic: relating to the area beneath the ‘skin’
🔘 taxidermy: the art of preserving animal ‘skin’
🔘 dermatitis: inflammation of the ‘skin’
🔘 pachyderm: an animal with thick ‘skin’ ( e. g. , elephant, rhinoceros )
🔘 dermabrasion: a procedure to remove outer layers of ‘skin’
🔘 endoderm: the innermost layer of ‘skin’ in an embryo
🔘 ectoderm: the outermost layer of ‘skin’ in an embryo
🔘 mesoderm: the middle layer of ‘skin’ in an embryo
🔘 dermal: relating to the ‘skin’
🔘 dermatome: an instrument used for cutting ‘skin’
🔘 dermatoplasty: surgical repair of the ‘skin’
🔘 scleroderma: a condition causing hardening of the ‘skin’

📂 مثال:
🔘 otology: the study of the ‘ear’ and its diseases
🔘 otitis: inflammation of the ‘ear’
🔘 otoscope: an instrument used to examine the inside of the ‘ear’
🔘 otoplasty: surgical reshaping of the ‘ear’
🔘 otolaryngology: medical specialty dealing with diseases of the ‘ear’, nose, and throat
🔘 ototoxic: substances harmful to the ‘ear’
🔘 otorrhea: discharge or fluid from the ‘ear’
🔘 otolith: small calcium structure within the ‘ear’ involved in balance
🔘 otopathy: any disease of the ‘ear’
🔘 otophone: a hearing device or aid for the ‘ear’

📂 مثال:
🔘 gastric: relating to the ‘stomach’
🔘 gastronomy: the art or practice of choosing and enjoying good food, literally the ‘rules of the stomach’
🔘 gastroscope: an instrument used to visually examine the ‘stomach’
🔘 gastritis: inflammation of the ‘stomach’ lining
🔘 gastrointestinal: relating to both the ‘stomach’ and the intestines
🔘 gastrectomy: surgical removal of part or all of the ‘stomach’
🔘 gastroenterology: the medical field specializing in disorders of the ‘stomach’ and intestines
🔘 gastropod: a class of animals ( like snails ) whose muscular foot is located under their ‘stomach’
🔘 gastralgia: pain in the ‘stomach’
🔘 gastrocolic: relating to both the ‘stomach’ and the colon

📂 مثال:
🔘 maternal: relating to or characteristic of a "mother".
🔘 maternity: the state or condition of being a "mother".
🔘 matriarch: a "mother" who is the head of a family.
🔘 matriarchy: a social system governed by "mothers".
🔘 matrilineal: tracing descent through the "mother".
🔘 matrilocal: living near the "mother"’s family.
🔘 matron: a mature woman serving as a nurturing "mother" figure.
🔘 matronly: having qualities typical of a caring "mother".
🔘 matrix: the source or "mother" from which something develops.
🔘 matrimony: the union that may lead to the role of a "mother".
🔘 matrimonial: pertaining to marriage, a bond from which a "mother" may emerge.
🔘 matrifocal: centered around the "mother" as the primary figure.
🔘 materfamilias: the female head or "mother" of a family.
🔘 maternalism: the emphasis on the importance of the "mother" role.
🔘 matrescence: the process of becoming a "mother".
🔘 matricide: the act of killing one's "mother".
🔘 matriarchal: characteristic of a system dominated by "mothers".
🔘 maternalistic: exhibiting an overly "motherly" attitude.
🔘 mater: the Latin term meaning "mother".
🔘 matronymic: a name derived from the "mother"’s name.
🔘 matriculate: to enroll as if being welcomed by a nurturing "mother" institution.
🔘 matter: physical substance, considered the "mother" of all things.
🔘 material: substance or matter, viewed as the "mother" of forms.

📂 مثال:
🔘 insomnia: the inability to ‘sleep’
🔘 somnolent: feeling drowsy or ready to ‘sleep’
🔘 somnambulism: the act of ‘sleep’ walking
🔘 somniferous: causing ‘sleep’
🔘 somniloquy: talking during ‘sleep’
🔘 hypersomnia: excessive ‘sleep’ or drowsiness
🔘 somnolence: a state of drowsiness or near ‘sleep’
🔘 somnology: the scientific study of ‘sleep’
🔘 somniloquist: a person who talks in their ‘sleep’
🔘 somnipathy: a disorder related to ‘sleep’

📂 مثال:
🔘 cryptic: having a "hidden" meaning
🔘 cryptography: the practice of writing in a "hidden" or secret code
🔘 cryptogram: a message written in a "hidden" code
🔘 cryptology: the study of "hidden" codes and ciphers
🔘 cryptographer: a person who creates or deciphers "hidden" messages
🔘 crypt: an underground room, often used as a "hidden" burial place
🔘 cryptonym: a "hidden" or secret name
🔘 cryptanalysis: the act of decoding "hidden" or encrypted messages
🔘 cryptozoic: relating to life forms that remain "hidden" in fossil records
🔘 cryptogenic: of "hidden" origin or cause
🔘 crypto - Jew: a person who "hides" their Jewish faith
🔘 crypto - Christian: someone who keeps their Christian faith "hidden"
🔘 cryptobiosis: a state of life where an organism is "hidden" or dormant
🔘 cryptid: a "hidden" or mythical creature, like Bigfoot
🔘 cryptograph: a device used for "hidden" writing
🔘 cryptoscope: an instrument for viewing "hidden" things
🔘 cryptesthesia: perception of "hidden" knowledge or extrasensory awareness
🔘 cryptal: relating to something "hidden" underground
🔘 cryptococcus: a fungus that thrives in "hidden" environments
🔘 cryptomnesia: a "hidden" memory resurfacing without recognition

📂 مثال:
🔘 macrocosm: A large, complex system representing the entire universe
🔘 microcosm: A small version reflecting the characteristics of the universe
🔘 cosmopolitan: Relating to the diversity of the universe
🔘 cosmic: Pertaining to the universe as a whole
🔘 cosmography: Mapping the general features of the universe
🔘 cosmology: Study of the universe's origin and nature
🔘 cosmonaut: A person trained to explore the universe
🔘 cosmos: The universe as an orderly, harmonious whole

📂 مثال:
🔘 temporary: lasting for a short period of ‘time’
🔘 tempo: the speed or rhythm of ‘time’ in music
🔘 contemporary: existing or occurring at the same ‘time’
🔘 temporal: related to worldly affairs rather than eternal ‘time’
🔘 temporize: to delay or stall for more ‘time’
🔘 extemporaneous: done without planning or outside of ‘time’ constraints
🔘 temporality: the state of being bound by ‘time’
🔘 tempest: a storm lasting for a short period of ‘time’
🔘 tempus: Latin for ‘time, ’ often used in phrases
🔘 protempore: serving for a limited ‘time’ period

📂 مثال:
🔘 sanguine: optimistic or positive, often linked to the idea of being ‘blood’ healthy and full of life
🔘 sanguinary: involving or related to bloodshed or violence
🔘 sanguineous: containing or consisting of ‘blood’
🔘 sanguivorous: feeding on blood
🔘 consanguineous: related by ‘blood, ’ such as in a family relationship
🔘 sanguinologist: a person who specializes in the study of blood
🔘 sanguinolent: tinged with or resembling blood
🔘 sanguinity: the quality of being ‘blood’ related or the nature of having a good constitution

📂 مثال:
🔘 pneumonia: an infection that causes inflammation in the ‘lungs’
🔘 pneumothorax: a condition where air or gas is trapped in the ‘lungs’ or chest cavity
🔘 pneumonectomy: the surgical removal of a lung
🔘 pneumograph: an instrument used to measure and record lung function and ‘breathing’
🔘 pneumococcal: relating to bacteria that affect the ‘lungs’
🔘 pneumonitis: inflammation of the ‘lungs’ caused by various factors
🔘 pneumomediastinum: the presence of air in the mediastinum, the space around the ‘lungs’
🔘 pneumatology: the study of gases, particularly in relation to breathing and the ‘lungs’

📂 مثال:
🔘 glossary: A list of terms and their explanations, often related to a specific language
🔘 gloss: A brief explanation or interpretation of a word or text in another language
🔘 polyglot: A person who speaks multiple languages fluently
🔘 glossolalia: Speaking in an unknown tongue, often during religious experiences
🔘 glottis: The part of the throat involved in producing sounds of the tongue
🔘 glossator: A commentator or annotator who explains texts in a specific language
🔘 monoglot: A person who speaks only one language or tongue
🔘 epiglottis: The flap at the back of the tongue that prevents food from entering the windpipe
🔘 hypoglossal: Relating to the nerves beneath the tongue that control its movement
🔘 glottology: The scientific study of language and linguistic systems

📂 مثال:
🔘 climate: the general weather conditions of a place over time, which can be influenced by its geographical ‘slope’ or ‘climb’
🔘 climactic: relating to the climax or most intense point, often in terms of a ‘climb’ toward the peak
🔘 climax: the highest point or peak, often a result of a ‘climb’ in action or development
🔘 acclimate: to become accustomed to a new environment or ‘climate’
🔘 climber: one who ascends or ‘climbs’ something, like a mountain
🔘 climbing: the act of moving upwards or ‘climbing’ a structure or terrain

📂 مثال:
🔘 celerity: ‘swiftness’ or rapid movement
🔘 accelerate: to increase speed and become more ‘swift’
🔘 acceleration: the process of becoming more ‘swift’
🔘 decelerate: to reduce speed and become less ‘swift’
🔘 deceleration: the act of slowing down, reducing ‘swiftness’
🔘 celerometer: an instrument measuring ‘swift’ motion
🔘 accelerant: a substance that makes something burn more ‘swiftly’
🔘 accelerator: a device that increases ‘swiftness’ or speed

📂 مثال:
🔘 rectitude: The quality of being morally upright or guided by correctness
🔘 directive: An instruction or order that guides action
🔘 rectify: To make something right or put it in the correct state
🔘 correct: Free from error; guided by accuracy
🔘 correction: The act of improving or fixing a mistake
🔘 corrective: Designed to guide towards improvement or discipline
🔘 direct: To guide without deviation
🔘 direction: A line that leads or guides toward a specific point
🔘 director: Someone who guides or manages resources
🔘 directory: An alphabetical list that guides to names and addresses
🔘 erect: To construct or put upright, guided by design
🔘 erectile: Capable of being put in an upright or raised position
🔘 erection: The act of putting up something upright
🔘 erector: One who erects or puts something upright
🔘 incorrect: Characterized by errors or not guided by correctness
🔘 indirect: Guided through intervening factors or influences
🔘 rectangle: A shape guided by four right angles
🔘 redirect: To guide or channel into a new direction

📂 مثال:
🔘 patron: a protector or supporter, like a father
🔘 patronize: to treat someone as a father treats a child
🔘 perpetrate: to commit an act, like a father initiating an action
🔘 paternal: related to a father
🔘 paternity: fatherhood
🔘 patriarch: a father who leads
🔘 patriot: a supporter of the homeland
🔘 patriotism: loyalty to one's homeland
🔘 compatriot: a fellow citizen or patriot
🔘 expatriate: to expel someone from their homeland
🔘 repatriate: to allow someone to return to their homeland
🔘 patronymic: a surname derived from the father's name

📂 مثال:
🔘 ego: The sense of "I"
🔘 egotistical: Thinking too much about "I"
🔘 egotist: A person focused on "I"
🔘 egoist: Another word for egotist
🔘 egotism: Excessive focus on "I"
🔘 egoism: Another term for egotism
🔘 egomaniac: Obsessed with "I"
🔘 egomaniacal: Relating to being obsessed with "I"
🔘 superego: The "I" that controls behavior

📂 مثال:
🔘 civil: relating to ‘citizen’ affairs
🔘 civilian: a person who is a ‘citizen’ and not in the military
🔘 civic: pertaining to the duties or activities of a ‘citizen’
🔘 civilize: to bring order and culture befitting a ‘citizen’ society
🔘 civilization: the stage of human social development characterized by organized ‘citizen’ life
🔘 civility: the quality of being courteous and polite as expected of a ‘citizen’
🔘 incivility: lack of courtesy or politeness among ‘citizens’

📂 مثال:
🔘 aquarium: a tank filled with "water" for fish
🔘 aquatic: related to "water"
🔘 aqueous: made of or containing "water"
🔘 aqueduct: a channel that carries "water"
🔘 aquifer: underground rock storing "water"
🔘 aquaculture: farming in "water"
🔘 aquamarine: a blue - green "water" - colored gem
🔘 aquanaut: a person exploring deep "water"
🔘 aquaplane: a board gliding on "water"
🔘 aqualung: a device for breathing in "water"
🔘 aqua regia: a strong acid dissolving in "water"
🔘 aquarist: a person caring for "water" animals
🔘 aquascape: designing landscapes inside "water"
🔘 aquapark: a park with "water" rides
🔘 aqua therapy: healing exercises in "water"
🔘 aquaponics: growing plants and fish in "water"
🔘 aqua vitae: alcohol called “water" of life
🔘 aquiferous: carrying or holding "water"
🔘 aquaplaning: losing control due to "water"
🔘 aquatint: an art method using "water"
🔘 aquavit: a spirit whose name means “water" of life

📂 مثال:
🔘 gynecology: the branch of medicine that deals with the health of ‘women’
🔘 misogyny: the hatred or dislike of ‘women’
🔘 gynecologist: a doctor who specializes in the medical care of ‘women’
🔘 androgynous: having characteristics of both ‘woman’ and man
🔘 gynecoid: having a physical form typical of ‘women’
🔘 gynarchy: a system of government ruled by ‘women’
🔘 gynophilia: attraction to or love for ‘women’
🔘 gynecocracy: government by or rule of ‘women’

📂 مثال:
🔘 dormitory: a place where people sleep or stay, often shared by many
🔘 dormant: temporarily inactive or ‘sleeping’
🔘 dormancy: the state of being inactive or ‘sleeping’
🔘 dormer: a window built into the ‘sleeping’ area of a roof or attic
🔘 dormouse: a small rodent that ‘sleeps’ for long periods during the year

📂 مثال:
🔘 atom: the smallest particle that cannot be divided or ‘cut’
🔘 dichotomy: the division or ‘cutting’ of something into two parts
🔘 anatomy: the study of the structure of organisms, literally the ‘cutting’ of the body to study its parts
🔘 tonsillectomy: surgical removal or ‘cutting’ out of the tonsils
🔘 lobotomy: a surgical procedure where parts of the brain are ‘cut’ or severed
🔘 epitome: a perfect example, often referred to as a ‘cut’ above others
🔘 autotomy: the act of ‘cutting’ off a part of oneself, usually for defense ( common in some animals )
🔘 tomography: a technique for ‘cutting’ through an object to study its internal structure ( e. g. , CT scan )

📂 مثال:
🔘 astronaut: a person who travels in space, beyond the Earth’s atmosphere
🔘 nautical: relating to ships, sailors, or navigation
🔘 nautics: the science or practice of navigation or shipping
🔘 cosmonaut: a Russian astronaut, someone who travels in space

📂 مثال:
🔘 trophic: relating to the feeding or nourishment of an organism
🔘 trophies: awards or objects representing the ‘nourishment’ of achievement or success
🔘 autotroph: an organism that makes its own food, typically using sunlight
🔘 heterotroph: an organism that gets its food by consuming other organisms
🔘 trophoblast: the layer of cells that provides ‘nourishment’ to the embryo during pregnancy
🔘 hypotrophic: a condition where growth or ‘nourishment’ is insufficient
🔘 trophism: the growth of an organism in response to a specific ‘nourishment’ source

📂 مثال:
🔘 democracy: A system of government where the people have the power to rule
🔘 democrat: A person who supports rule by the people
🔘 democratic: Relating to rule by the people
🔘 aristocracy: A system where the best people rule
🔘 aristocrat: A person from a class that rules based on superiority
🔘 timocracy: A system where property owners or military leaders rule
🔘 timocrat: A person who rules in a timocracy
🔘 plutocracy: A system where the wealthy rule
🔘 plutocrat: A wealthy person who rules
🔘 bureaucracy: A system where administrative officials rule
🔘 bureaucrat: A person who rules as an administrative official
🔘 technocracy: A system where those with technical expertise rule
🔘 technocrat: A person with technical expertise who rules
🔘 autocracy: A system where a single person rules absolutely
🔘 autocrat: A ruler with absolute power
🔘 thalassocracy: A system where a naval power rules
🔘 thalassocrat: A person who rules a naval power
🔘 gynocracy: A system where women rule
🔘 gynocrat: A woman who rules
🔘 androcracy: A system where men rule
🔘 androcrat: A man who rules
🔘 kakistrocracy: A system where the worst people rule
🔘 kakistrocrat: A very bad ruler
🔘 kleptocracy: A system where thieves rule
🔘 kleptocrat: A ruler who is a thief

📂 مثال:
🔘 Carnage: mass slaughter of people, like the butchering of meat in battle or disaster
🔘 Carnal: relating to bodily desires, often focused on physical, meat - based appetites
🔘 Carnation: a pink flower, resembling the color of fresh meat
🔘 Carnival: a festival of merrymaking, often including feasting on meat
🔘 Carrion: dead and rotting animal meat
🔘 Charnel: related to places with decaying meat or bodies
🔘 Crone: an ugly old woman, often symbolizing decay, like spoiled meat
🔘 Incarnadine: to make something flesh - colored, like the color of meat
🔘 Reincarnation: the rebirth of a soul in a new form, like meat changing into a new body

📂 مثال:
🔘 archetype: a perfect or typical example of something, representing the most important qualities of that type
🔘 archipelago: a large group of islands, sometimes highly scattered
🔘 archangel: an angel ranked above the highest rank in the celestial hierarchy
🔘 archenemy: a principal enemy, often referring to Satan as the grand adversary of mankind
🔘 archetypal: representing or constituting an original type after which other similar things are patterned
🔘 architect: someone who creates plans for buildings or other constructions
🔘 architectural: pertaining to the art and science of architecture
🔘 architecture: the product or work of the art and science of architecture

📂 مثال:
🔘 archaic: something that is out of date or no longer in use
🔘 archaeology: the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures
🔘 archaism: the use of an archaic expression
🔘 archeology: the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures

📂 مثال:
🔘 archon: a ruler
🔘 monarch: a single ruler, such as a king or queen
🔘 monarchy: a system of government ruled by a queen or king
🔘 oligarchy: rule by a small group of powerful people
🔘 oligarch: a member of an oligarchy
🔘 matriarch: a female ruler over a clan or small community
🔘 matriarchy: a system of rule in which a powerful female is the head of a clan or small community
🔘 patriarch: a male ruler over a clan or small community
🔘 patriarchy: a system of rule in which a powerful male is the head of a clan or small community
🔘 anarchy: a system where there is no rule
🔘 anarchist: one who believes in the absence of centralized rule by a government
🔘 hierarchy: levels of rule within an organization
🔘 archive: historical documents traditionally kept by rulers of a government

📂 مثال:
🔘 fidelity: strong ‘faith’ or ‘trust’ in someone or something
🔘 confide: to place ‘trust’ in someone by sharing secrets
🔘 confidence: a state of having full ‘trust’ in oneself or others
🔘 confidant: a person in whom one places complete ‘trust’
🔘 infidel: one who is seen as lacking ‘faith’
🔘 perfidy: an act of breaking ‘trust’ or being disloyal
🔘 fiduciary: relating to ‘trust’ in financial or legal matters
🔘 confiding: showing readiness to place ‘trust’ in someone
🔘 infidelity: a violation of ‘faith’ or ‘trust’ in a relationship
🔘 affidavit: a written statement sworn under ‘faith’ or oath
🔘 fideism: the doctrine that ‘faith’ is independent of reason
🔘 bona fide: done with genuine ‘faith’ and honesty
🔘 fiducial: based on ‘trust’ or established authority
🔘 semper fidelis: a Latin phrase meaning "always ‘faithful’"

📂 مثال:
🔘 linguistics: the scientific study of ‘language’
🔘 lingual: relating to the ‘tongue’ or language
🔘 bilingual: able to speak ‘two languages’
🔘 monolingual: speaking ‘one language’
🔘 multilingual: able to speak ‘multiple languages’
🔘 linguist: a person skilled in the study of languages
🔘 linguine: a type of pasta, named for its shape resembling a ‘tongue’
🔘 sublingual: under the ‘tongue’
🔘 translingual: extending across or between different languages

📂 مثال:
🔘 social: related to "society" and interactions.
🔘 society: a structured community of "companionship".
🔘 sociable: friendly and enjoying "companionship".
🔘 socialize: to engage in "society" and build relationships.
🔘 socialization: the process of adapting to "society".
🔘 socialist: someone who advocates for collective "society".
🔘 socialism: a political system focused on shared "society" resources.
🔘 socialite: a person active in fashionable "society".
🔘 sociability: the ability to engage in "companionship".
🔘 socially: in a manner related to "society".
🔘 sociality: the tendency to form "companionship".
🔘 societal: related to structured "society".
🔘 societarian: favoring organized "society".
🔘 societary: pertaining to "society" structures.
🔘 sociocracy: governance based on "society" equality.
🔘 sociocentric: focused on "society" rather than individuals.
🔘 sociocultural: involving both "society" and culture.
🔘 sociodemographic: related to "society" and population statistics.
🔘 socioeconomic: combining "society" and economic factors.
🔘 socioenvironmental: concerning "society" and its environment.
🔘 socioethical: merging "society" and ethical considerations.
🔘 sociohistorical: analyzing "society" through history.
🔘 sociolegal: involving "society" and legal systems.
🔘 sociolinguistic: studying language in "society".
🔘 sociological: examining "society" scientifically.
🔘 sociology: the study of "society" and its structures.
🔘 sociomedical: linking "society" and medicine.
🔘 sociometric: measuring relationships in "society".
🔘 sociometry: the statistical analysis of "society".
🔘 sociocognitive: relating to "society" and thought processes.
🔘 sociogenetic: concerning the origins of "society".
🔘 sociogenesis: the development of "society".
🔘 sociodynamics: forces that shape "society".
🔘 socioecological: interaction between "society" and ecosystems.
🔘 socioeducational: involving "society" and education.
🔘 socioemotional: merging "society" and emotions.
🔘 socioinformatics: the role of data in "society".
🔘 sociophobia: fear of "society" interactions.
🔘 sociopath: someone with disregard for "society" norms.
🔘 sociopathy: a disorder affecting "society" interactions.
🔘 sociopolitical: merging "society" and politics.
🔘 socioreligious: involving "society" and religion.
🔘 socioscientific: linking "society" and science.
🔘 sociosystemic: structured within "society" systems.
🔘 sociotechnical: relating to "society" and technology.
🔘 socioempathic: blending "society" and empathy.
🔘 socioadaptive: adjusting behavior to fit "society".
🔘 sociolect: language used within a "society" group.
🔘 sociodiversity: variety within "society".
🔘 socio - psychological: relating to "society" and psychology.
🔘 sociospatial: interaction of space and "society".
🔘 sociotherapy: therapy based on "society" interactions.
🔘 sociosphere: the collective environment of "society".
🔘 sociocognition: thinking processes in "society".
🔘 sociogenomics: the role of genetics in "society".
🔘 socionomics: the study of economic behavior in "society".
🔘 sociotoxicity: harmful effects within "society".
🔘 sociogram: a visual map of relationships in "society".
🔘 sociorelational: interactions in "society".
🔘 socioaffective: the emotional side of "society".
🔘 sociodevelopmental: growth and progress in "society".
🔘 sociolegalism: legal perspectives within "society".
🔘 sociodrama: role - playing to reflect "society".
🔘 sociobiology: the biological basis of "society".
🔘 sociophonetics: pronunciation variations in "society".
🔘 sociosemiotic: the study of signs in "society".

📂 مثال:
🔘 acute: extremely ‘sharp’ or severe
🔘 acrid: having a ‘sharp’ or bitter taste or smell
🔘 acrimony: ‘sharp’ bitterness or harshness in speech or behavior
🔘 acerbic: ‘sharp’ and critical in tone or taste
🔘 acrimonious: full of ‘sharp’ bitterness or anger
🔘 acumen: mental ‘sharpness’ or keen insight
🔘 acupuncture: a medical practice using ‘sharp’ needles
🔘 acid: having a ‘sharp’ taste or corrosive effect
🔘 exacerbate: to make a situation more ‘sharp’ or severe
🔘 acridity: the state of being ‘sharp’ or harsh in taste or odor

📂 مثال:
🔘 acute: sharp, intense, or severe
🔘 acumen: keen insight or sharpness in understanding
🔘 acupoint: a specific ‘sharp’ point on the body used in acupuncture
🔘 acuity: sharpness or keenness of thought, vision, or hearing
🔘 acupuncture: a practice involving sharp needles inserted into specific points on the body
🔘 accurate: correct and ‘sharp’ in detail
🔘 accuse: to charge someone with a wrong, ‘sharp’ accusation
🔘 acumen: sharpness or quickness in making decisions or judgments

📂 مثال:
🔘 ultimate: the final or ‘beyond’ point or goal
🔘 ulterior: beyond what is apparent, hidden or ‘extremely’ secret
🔘 ultracool: extremely cool, beyond the normal level of cool
🔘 ultraviolent: involving extreme violence, beyond normal levels
🔘 ultrathin: extremely thin, beyond normal thinness
🔘 ultrapure: extremely pure, with no impurities, beyond normal purity
🔘 ultraefficient: extremely efficient, operating beyond the usual efficiency
🔘 ultrasonic: beyond the range of human hearing, involving ‘extremely’ high sound frequencies
🔘 ultrapowerful: having extreme power, beyond typical levels
🔘 ultradry: extremely dry, beyond usual dryness
🔘 ultraviolet: electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light, beyond violet in the spectrum

📂 مثال:
🔘 anthropology: the study of ‘humans’
🔘 anthropoid: ‘human’ - like in shape
🔘 anthropoglot: a bird which has a tongue like a ‘human’
🔘 misanthrope: a hater of ‘humans’
🔘 philanthropist: one who loves ‘humans’
🔘 anthropocentric: centered on things ‘human’
🔘 anthropomorphic: shaped like a ‘human’
🔘 lycanthropist: a ‘human’ who turns into a wolf

📂 مثال:
🔘 zygote: a fertilized egg, formed when two gametes are ‘joined’
🔘 zygomorphic: having symmetry where one plane divides the organism into two equal halves, typically ‘joined’ in form
🔘 zygosity: the condition of being ‘joined’ in terms of genetic inheritance ( homozygous or heterozygous )
🔘 zygospore: a type of spore produced when two cells ‘join’ in fungi or algae
🔘 zygodactyl: a bird whose toes are ‘joined’ in a particular way to help grip

📂 مثال:
🔘 toxic: containing or being harmful like a ‘poison’
🔘 toxicity: the degree to which something is harmful or ‘poisonous’
🔘 detox: to remove harmful substances or ‘poisons’ from the body
🔘 antitoxin: a substance that counteracts a ‘poison’
🔘 toxemia: the presence of ‘poison’ in the blood
🔘 toxin: a harmful substance produced by organisms, often a ‘poison’
🔘 toxoid: an inactivated toxin used in vaccines, designed to prevent ‘poisoning’
🔘 toxicology: the study of the effects of ‘poisons’ and toxins on living organisms
🔘 intoxicate: to make someone drunk or poisoned, especially through alcohol or chemicals

📂 مثال:
🔘 topography: the study and mapping of the physical features of a ‘place’
🔘 topic: the main subject or ‘place’ of discussion
🔘 topical: relating to a specific ‘place’ or subject in discussion
🔘 toponym: the name of a specific ‘place’
🔘 topsoil: the uppermost layer of soil in a ‘place’
🔘 topology: the study of how things are arranged in a ‘place’
🔘 utopia: an imagined perfect ‘place’
🔘 dystopia: an imagined ‘place’ of suffering or oppression
🔘 biotope: a small, defined ‘place’ where certain organisms live

📂 مثال:
🔘 retroactive: applying to events that happened in the past, going ‘backwards’ in time
🔘 retrofit: to add new features or technology to something that is older, modifying it ‘backwards’
🔘 retrograde: moving ‘backwards’ or returning to a previous state
🔘 retrospective: looking back at past events or situations
🔘 retrovirus: a type of virus that operates by transcribing its RNA into DNA, which ‘reverses’ or moves ‘backwards’ in the genetic sequence
🔘 retrospect: the act of looking back on or thinking about the past
🔘 retroactive: having an effect from a time in the past
🔘 retrocession: the act of giving something ‘backwards’ or returning it to its previous owner
🔘 retrospective: looking back at or reflecting on past events, typically with analysis
🔘 retrograde: moving in the ‘backwards’ direction or regressing in progress

📂 مثال:
🔘 prototype: the ‘first’ or initial model of something
🔘 proton: a subatomic particle with a positive charge, considered one of the ‘first’ building blocks of matter
🔘 protonic: relating to protons, the ‘first’ particles of atomic structure
🔘 protagonist: the leading character, typically the ‘first’ or primary figure in a story
🔘 protozoa: a group of single - celled organisms, often considered among the ‘first’ forms of life
🔘 protohuman: an early form of human, often the ‘first’ evolutionary stage
🔘 protostar: the earliest stage in the formation of a star
🔘 protogenesis: the process of the ‘first’ generation or origin of something
🔘 protonate: to add a proton to a molecule, especially in its ‘first’ reaction

📂 مثال:
🔘 paleontology: the study of ‘ancient’ life through fossils
🔘 paleolithic: relating to the ‘ancient’ Stone Age, characterized by early stone tools
🔘 paleoanthropology: the study of ‘ancient’ human ancestors and their evolution
🔘 paleobotany: the study of ‘ancient’ plants through fossils
🔘 paleoclimate: the climate conditions of ‘ancient’ Earth
🔘 paleogeography: the study of the ‘ancient’ layout of Earth’s continents and oceans
🔘 paleozoology: the study of ‘ancient’ animal life
🔘 paleopathology: the study of diseases in ‘ancient’ organisms
🔘 paleoecology: the study of ‘ancient’ ecosystems and environments
🔘 paleoceanography: the study of ‘ancient’ oceans and their history

📂 مثال:
🔘 orthodox: adhering to the ‘right’ or accepted belief or practice
🔘 orthopedics: the branch of medicine concerned with the ‘correct’ alignment and function of the bones and muscles
🔘 orthography: the ‘correct’ way of writing, including spelling and punctuation
🔘 orthodontics: the field of dentistry that deals with correcting teeth and jaws
🔘 orthopedic: relating to the treatment of injuries or conditions that affect the skeletal system
🔘 orthogonal: in mathematics, being at a ‘right’ angle to something, or perpendicular
🔘 orthogenesis: the concept of evolution moving in a ‘right’ or fixed direction
🔘 orthodoxy: the belief in the ‘correct’ or established teachings
🔘 orthocenter: the point where the altitudes of a triangle meet, often associated with a ‘right’ geometric property
🔘 orthotopic: referring to the proper location or position, especially in relation to organs or tissues

📂 مثال:
🔘 neologism: a newly coined word or expression
🔘 neonate: a newborn baby, particularly within the first few weeks
🔘 neoclassical: relating to a revival of classic styles, often in art or architecture, ‘newly’ reinterpreted
🔘 neolithic: relating to the later part of the Stone Age, characterized by new tools and agricultural advancements
🔘 neophyte: a person who is ‘new’ to a particular subject, activity, or belief
🔘 neoconservative: a person who holds ‘new’ or reformed conservative views
🔘 neoplasm: a new growth, often referring to a tumor or abnormal mass of tissue
🔘 neogenesis: the process of new formation or creation of cells or tissues
🔘 neolithic: relating to the early stages of human history marked by ‘new’ agricultural methods
🔘 neoteny: the retention of juvenile features in an adult organism, a ‘new’ characteristic in evolution

📂 مثال:
🔘 metaphor: a figure of speech in which one thing is described as being ‘beyond’ or different from another
🔘 metamorphosis: a process of change in form or structure
🔘 metabolism: the process of chemical reactions that occur ‘beyond’ basic body functions
🔘 metaphysics: the branch of philosophy that deals with what is ‘beyond’ the physical
🔘 metadata: data that provides information about other data, essentially describing information that is ‘beyond’ the content
🔘 metacognition: thinking about one’s own thinking, or the process of ‘beyond’ simple thought
🔘 meta - analysis: a study of studies, analyzing the results of multiple research works, looking ‘beyond’ individual findings
🔘 metaverse: a collective virtual shared space that exists ‘beyond’ the physical world
🔘 metropolitan: relating to a large city that is often at the forefront of cultural change
🔘 metastasis: the spread of disease, especially cancer, ‘beyond’ the original site

📂 مثال:
🔘 bible: a sacred “book”
🔘 bibliophile: one who loves “books”
🔘 bibliophobia: fear of “books”
🔘 bibliography: a list of “books” or sources
🔘 bibliology: the study of “books”
🔘 bibliomania: an obsession with collecting “books”
🔘 bibliotherapy: using “books” for psychological support
🔘 biblioklept: someone who steals “books”
🔘 bibliopole: a dealer in rare “books”
🔘 bibliopegy: the craft of binding “books”
🔘 bibliolatry: excessive reverence for “books”
🔘 biblical: relating to the “book” known as the Bible

📂 مثال:
🔘 aerate: To introduce air into a substance
🔘 aerial: Relating to the air or atmosphere
🔘 aerodynamics: The study of air movement and how it interacts with objects
🔘 aeroelasticity: The study of the interaction between aerodynamic forces and structural flexibility
🔘 aerospace: The industry or technology concerned with air and space flight
🔘 aerobiology: The study of airborne biological particles like pollen and bacteria
🔘 aerostat: A lighter - than - air craft, such as a balloon or airship
🔘 aeronautics: The science or practice of flight
🔘 aeroplane ( airplane in American English ) : A powered flying vehicle
🔘 aerosol: A substance that is dispensed as a fine mist or spray
🔘 aeroengine: A type of engine designed for use in aircraft
🔘 aeroacoustic: The study of sound generation in air or gas flows
🔘 aeroembolism: A medical condition caused by air bubbles in the bloodstream
🔘 aerotherapy: Treatment involving exposure to air, especially for respiratory conditions
🔘 aeromagnetic: Pertaining to the magnetic properties of the Earth's atmosphere
🔘 aerobiology: The study of airborne biological materials
🔘 aeromagnetic: Pertaining to the magnetic properties of the Earth's atmosphere

📂 مثال:
🔘 revolve: To roll or turn around a central point
🔘 evolve: To gradually turn or roll into a more developed state over time
🔘 involve: To include or roll something into a necessary part
🔘 devolve: To roll down power or responsibility to a lower level
🔘 volume: The amount of space something occupies, originally meaning a rolled - up scroll or book
🔘 voluminous: Having a large roll or turning size, especially in quantity or extent
🔘 revolution: A dramatic roll or turn in the way something works or is organized
🔘 revolutionary: Causing a complete roll or turn in structure or thought
🔘 revolver: A type of handgun with a rolling cylinder containing multiple bullet chambers
🔘 convolution: A roll or twist, especially one of many in a structure
🔘 convoluted: Having a highly rolled - up or twisted complexity, difficult to follow
🔘 devolution: The act of rolling power or control downward to a lower level of governance

📂 مثال:
🔘 verify: to prove something is ‘true’
🔘 verdict: a decision that determines what is ‘true’
🔘 veracity: the quality of being ‘true’ or honest
🔘 veritable: being truly or unquestionably ‘true’
🔘 verity: a statement or principle that is ‘true’
🔘 verisimilitude: the appearance of being ‘true’ or real
🔘 aver: to declare something as ‘true’ with confidence
🔘 veracious: habitually speaking or representing the ‘truth’
🔘 inveracity: the quality of not being ‘true’ or honest
🔘 veridical: truthful, corresponding to what is ‘true’

📂 مثال:
🔘 theology: the study of "God" and religion
🔘 theologian: a person who studies "God" and religious beliefs
🔘 theocracy: a government ruled by "God" or religious leaders
🔘 monotheism: belief in one "God"
🔘 polytheism: belief in many "Gods"
🔘 atheism: disbelief in "God"
🔘 theist: a person who believes in "God"
🔘 atheist: a person who does not believe in "God"
🔘 pantheism: the belief that "God" is in everything
🔘 theocentric: centered around "God"
🔘 theonym: a "God"’s name

📂 مثال:
🔘 phobia: an intense ‘fear’ of something
🔘 arachnophobia: ‘fear’ of spiders
🔘 claustrophobia: ‘fear’ of enclosed spaces
🔘 agoraphobia: ‘fear’ of open or crowded places
🔘 xenophobia: ‘fear’ of strangers or foreigners
🔘 hydrophobia: ‘fear’ of water
🔘 acrophobia: ‘fear’ of heights
🔘 ophidiophobia: ‘fear’ of snakes
🔘 trypophobia: ‘fear’ of clusters of small holes
🔘 glossophobia: ‘fear’ of public speaking