gorbachev mikhail
انگلیسی به انگلیسی
mikhail gorbachev became the leader of the ussr in 1985, when he succeeded konstantin chernenko as general secretary of the communist party of the soviet union (kpss). from 1988 to 1990 he was chairman of the supreme soviet. in 1990 he became the first executive president of the ussr. he introduced the policies of perestroika (restructuring) to revive the soviet economy and glasnost (openness), which permitted more political and cultural freedom. he was temporarily deposed in a coup in 1991 and resigned from the presidency at the dissolution of the ussr in 1991. in 1990 he won the nobel peace prize. born: 1931.
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