Grammatical ( or Functional ) Morphemes: These serve grammatical purposes, indicating relationships between words. They are further divided into:Derivational Morphemes: These change the meaning or grammatical class of a word ( e. g. , adding - ness to happy to form happiness, changing an adjective to a noun ) .
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Inflectional Morphemes: These do not change the core meaning or grammatical class of a word. Instead, they indicate grammatical features that are grammatically required or common. English has only eight inflectional morphemes.
- s: plural noun ( e. g. , cats )
- ’s: possessive noun ( e. g. , cat**’s** )
- ed: past tense verb ( e. g. , walked )
- ing: present participle verb ( e. g. , walking )
- er: comparative adjective ( e. g. , taller )
- est: superlative adjective ( e. g. , tallest )
