abbr

SUBORD subordinate, subordinative
SUF suffix
SUP supine
SUPERESS superessive
SV subject precedes verb ( in word order typology )
SVO subject - verb - object ( in word order typology )
SYLL syllabic; syllable
SYN synonym; syntax
T:
tense; text; time; transformation; tree; true ( in truth table ) ; tu ( � familiar pronoun of address )
T trace
T - rule transformational rule
TAG Tree - Adjoining Grammar
TAL tree - adjoining language
TBU tone - bearing unit
TC total communication [approach] ( in schools for the deaf )
TEFL Teaching English as a foreign language
TEMP temporal
TERM terminative
TESOL Teaching of English to Speakers of Other Languages
TG Transformational Grammar
TGG Transformational Generative Grammar
TL target language
TNS tense
TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language
TOP topic ( alization )
TRANS transitive
TRANSLV translative
TYP type
U utterance
UCG Unification Categorial Grammar
UG Universal Grammar
UMC upper middle class
V:
verb ( al ) ; vowel; ‘‘our ( � polite pronoun of address )
V short vowel
V long vowel
V - form honorific form ( of address ) VFORM verb form
VIS visual
VLSI very large scale integration
VN verbal noun
VO verb precedes object ( in word order typology )
VOC vocalic
VOS verb - object - subject ( in word order typology )
VOT voice onset time
VP verb phrase
VS verb precedes subject ( in word order typology )
VSO verb - subject - object ( in word order typology )
W weak ( syllable )
WF word formation
WFF well - formed formula
WG word grammar
WH - word question word ( what, which, etc. )
WP Word - Paradigm ( grammar ) ؛
word processing
0 :zero ( covert element )
1 :first person
α:alpha, a variable
Σ:sentence; superfoot ( in metrical phonology )
σ:syllable

L1 first language
L2 second or foreign language
LAB labial
LAD language acquisition device
LARSP language assessment, remediation,
and screening procedure
LAT lateral
LEX lexicality ( in HPSG )
LF lexical function; logical form
LFG Lexical Functional Grammar lit. :literally
LMC lower middle class
LOC local; locative; locus
LP language planning; linear precedence [statements]; linear prediction
LSP language for special/specific purposes
LTAG lexicalized tree adjoining grammar
LU lexical unit
M :mid [tone]; Middle ( in language names ) ; modal
MASC masculine
Mb megabyte
MDS multidimensional scaling
MG Montague Grammar
MLAT:
Modern Language Aptitude Test
MLU mean length of utterance
MMC middle - middle class
Mod modern
MOD modifier
MRI magnetic resonance imaging MT mother tongue; machine translation
N :new ( speaker ) ; noun; nucleus ( of syllable )
n. d. no date
n. s. new series
NA noun precedes adjective ( in word order typology )
NAS nasal
NEG negation; negative
NEUT neuter
NG noun precedes genitive ( in word order typology )
NL native language; natural language
NLG natural language generation NLP natural language processing NLU natural language understanding
NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
NN neural net ( work )
NNS nonnative speaker
NOM nominative; nominal ( ization )
NP noun phrase
NPrel :relative noun phrase
NRel :noun precedes relative clause ( in word order typology )
NS native speaker
nt :nonterminal
NT New Testament
NUM number
NVC non - verbal communication
O onset ( of syllable )
OBJ object
OBL oblique
OBS obstruent
obs. :obsolete
OCR optical character recognition
OED Oxford English Dictionary
OOP object - oriented programming
OPT optative
OSV object - subject - verb ( in word order typology )
OT Old Testament; Optimality Theory
OV object precedes verb ( in word order typology )
OVS object - verb - subject ( in word order typology )
P :phrase; predicate
PA pushdown automation
PART participle; particle; partitive PASS passive
PAT patient
PERF perfect ( ive )
PERS person ( al )
PET positron - emission tomography
PF phonetic form ( in principles and parameters framework )
PHON phonology
PIE Primitive Indo - European; Proto - Indo - European
PL plural
PM phrase marker
Po postposition
PO primary object
POL polite
POSS possessive; possessor
POTEN potential
PP prepositional phrase
PP past participle
PLUPERF pluperfect
PRED predicative
PREF prefix
PREP preposition
PRES present
PRO an unspecified NP !!
PRO pronominal element; pronoun PROG progressive
ProgP progressive phrase
PROHIB prohibitive
PRESP present participle
PS - rule phrase structure rule
PSG Phrase Structure Grammar
PTQ [the] proper treatment of quantification [in English] ( Montague grammar )
PURP purpose; purposive
Q question
QR quantifier raising
QUANT quantifier
QU wh - marking
R - expression referential/referring expression
R - graph relational graph ( in arc pair grammar )
RC relative clause
RECIP recipient/reciprocal
REFL reflexive reg regular
ReIN relative clause precedes noun ( in word order typology )
REP repetitive
RES resumptive/result
REST Revised Extended Standard Theory
rev. :revised
RG Relational Grammar
RNR right node raising
RP received pronunciation
RR readjustment rule; redundancy rule
RST Rhetorical Structure Theory
;
reset
RT reaction time
RTN recursive transition network
S :point of speech ( temporal logic ) ; sentence; sign ( sign language ) ; source; speaker; speaker/writer; standard ( speaker ) ; strong ( syllable ) ; subject ( tagmemics ) ; subject term ( or conclusion in a syllogism )
S - structure :surface structure
SAE Standard American English; standard average European
SC small clause; structural change
SD structural description
SEM semantics
SGML standard generalized markup language
SIB sibilant sing singular
SL source language
SLA second language acquisition SLASH unbounded dependency ( in HPSG )
SON sonorant
SOV subject - object - verb ( in word order typology )
SPEC specifier
SS surface structure
SSC specified subject condition
. . .

GEN gender; genitive
GER gerund
GN genitive precedes noun ( in word order typology )
GPSG generalized phrase structure grammar
GR grammatical relation
GS generative semantics
H :head ( of construction ) ; hearer/reader; high/superposed ( code/variety, in adiglossic situation ) ;
high ( pitch/tone )
HABIT habitual
HCI human - computer interaction HFC head feature convention
HFP head feature principle
HG head grammar
HON honorific
HPSG head - driven phrase structure grammar
HUM human
HYPOTH hypothetical
Hz: hertz
IA Item - and - Arrangement [model of grammatical description]
IC immediate constituent
;
Integrated Circuit
I - E :Indo - European
IELTS [British Council] International English Language Testing System iff :if and only if
IGNOR ignorative
IL interlanguage
ILL illative
IMP imperative
IMPERS impersonal
IMPERF Imperfect ( ive )
INAN Inanimate
INCL Including; inclusive
INCORP Incorporating
INDEF Indefinite
INDIC Indicative
INF infinitival; infinitive ;
information file
INFL Inflection
INSTR Instrumental
INTERJ Integration
INTERROG interrogative
INTRANS Intransitive
IO indirect object
IP inflection phrase; Item - and - process [model of grammatical description]
IPA International Phonetic Alphabet
IR inflectional rule; internal reconstruction
IRR irrealis
IRREG irregular
IS indirect speech
ISA subsumption/subclass ‘is a’
IT Information Technology
ITER iterative
. . .
as if
as is

ACC accusative
ACT active; actor
Ad adjunct
ADESS adessive
ADJ adjective, - ival
AdjP adjective phrase
ADV adverb ( ial ) adv.
AdvP adverbial phrase
AFF affective; affix
AFFIRM affirmative
AGR agreement
AGT agent
AI Artificial Intelligence
ALL allative
AM amplitude - modulated ( signal ) Amer American
AN adjective precedes noun ( in word order typology )
ANIM animate
ANN artificial neural network
ANT anterior
ANTI antipassive
AOR aorist
AP atomic phonology
APG arc pair grammar
APP application
APPL applicative
ART article ; art
ASCII :
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASL American Sign Language
ASP aspect ( ual )
ASR automatic speech recognition ASSOC associative
ATN augmented transition network
ATR advanced tongue root ( distinctive feature )
ATTR attribute
AASL Ausian Australian Sign Language
AUX auxiliary
b. : born
BASIC :
Basic
All - purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BEN benefactive
BEV Black English Vernacular
BNC British National Corpus
BSE base - form
BSL British Sign Language
C : clause; coda ( of syllable ) ; codomain ( set theory ) ; complement ( izer ) ; consonant
c - command constituent command
c - structure constituent structure
. . .
CA componential analysis; contrastive analysis; conversation analysis
CALL computer assisted language learning
CAP control agreement principle
CAT category; computer - assisted translation
CAUS causative
CCG combinatory categorial grammar
CD communicative dynamism; conceptual dependency
CF characteristic frequency; constant frequency
CFG context - free grammar; configration file
CFL context - free language
CFPSG context - free phrase structure grammar
CG categorial grammar
CL computational linguistics
CLASS classifier
CN common noun
COLL collective
COM comitative
COMP comparative; complement ( izer )
CONJ conjunction/conjugation CONS consonantal
CONT continuant; continuative COP copula
COR coronal
CP complement ( izer ) phrase
cps : cycles per second
CS context - sensitive
CSG context - sensitive grammar CV consonant vowel structure/sequence
CV phonology: skeletal phonology
D - structure deep structure
d. :died
DA discouse analysis
DAF delayed auditory feedback DAG directed acyclic graph
DAT dative; Data file
DCG definite clause grammar
DD discourse domain
DDG daughter dependency grammar
DECL declarative
DEF definite
DEM demonstrative
DESID desiderative
DEST destinative; destination
DET determiner
DG dependency grammar
DIM diminutive
DIR direction ( al ) ; Directory
DIST distributive
DM discourse marker
DO direct object
dp : determiner phrase
DRS discourse representation structure
DRT discourse representation theory
DS deep structure; direct speech
DTR daughter ( in HPSG )
Data Transmitt
DU dual
DYN dynamic
EA error analysis
EAP English for academic purposes
ECM exceptional case marking
ECP empty category principle
EEG electroencephalography
EFL English as a foreign language
EL elative
ELT English Language Teaching
EMG electromyograph ( y ) E. M. G
EMPH emphatic
ENCL enclitic
Eng English
equi :equi
NP deletion ( � identity erasure transformation ) IET
ERG ergative
ESL English as a second language
ESP English for Specific/Special Purposes
ESS essive
EST Extended Standard Theory
etym :etymology
EXCL exclusive
EXIST existential
EXP experiencer
F :false ( in truth table ) ; formant f - structure functional structure
F0 : fundamental frequency
F1 F2
first formant second formant
F3 third formant
FACT factive
FDS free direct speech
FEM feminine
FFP foot feature principle
FG functional grammar
fig. :figure
FIN finite ; FINISHED
FIS free indirect speech
ff. :foruit, flourished, lived
FLA first language acquisition
FM frequency modulation
FSP functional sentence perspective
FSTN :
finite state transition network
. . .